World Journal of Public Health最新文献

{"title":"Factors Associated with Mild Cognitive Impairment in Community-Dwelling Elderly Individuals: A Re-evaluation of Systematic Reviews","authors":"Yifan Cao, Jin Wang, Jia Xue, Hansheng Ding","doi":"10.11648/j.wjph.20240903.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjph.20240903.11","url":null,"abstract":"<i>Objective </i>This study aims to re-evaluate systematic reviews on factors associated with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in community-dwelling elderly individuals to inform prevention and intervention strategies in community settings. <i>Methods </i>Comprehensive searches were conducted across multiple databases, including CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP Journal Integration Platform, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library, to identify systematic reviews on factors contributing to MCI in community-dwelling elderly individuals. Dual reviewers screened the literature, and the methodological quality was assessed using A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR 2). Relevant factors were summarized and analyzed. <i>Results</i> Eleven systematic reviews were included in the analysis. Of these, two were classified as high quality, two as low quality, and the remaining seven as very low quality. Protective factors against MCI included the consumption of tea, fish, and shellfish, physical exercise, and social participation. Risk factors encompassed a history of chronic diseases, depression, sleep disorders, smoking, and alcohol consumption. <i>Conclusion</i> The methodological quality of systematic reviews on factors associated with MCI in community-dwelling elderly individuals is generally low. MCI is closely linked to various aspects of physiological health, psychological health, dietary nutrition, and lifestyle behaviors. It is crucial to focus on high-risk groups, particularly the elderly and females, as well as individuals experiencing subjective cognitive decline, and conduct psychological screenings and assessments of dietary quality. These factors may serve as early indicators for MCI in community-dwelling elderly individuals.\u0000","PeriodicalId":510667,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Public Health","volume":"29 36","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141836293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Stigma, Violence and Coping Mechanisms Among HIV Infected People Who Inject Drugs in Akwa-Ibom State, Nigeria","authors":"Godwin Emmanuel, O. Sanni, P. Umoh, Roger Abang, Paul Amechi, A. Kalaiwo, Ochonye Boniface, Olugbemi Motilewa","doi":"10.11648/j.wjph.20240902.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjph.20240902.14","url":null,"abstract":"People who inject drugs (PWIDs) living with HIV face high levels of stigma, violence, and rape due to their risky lifestyles, potentially facilitating the spread of HIV. This study assessed the level and type of stigma and violence among PWIDs attending Heartland Alliance in Akwa Ibom State and their coping mechanisms. This descriptive cross-sectional study of 442 PWIDs receiving care at four one-stop shops in the state was conducted using mixed methods. Quantitative data were collected through pretested structured questionnaires and an adopted stigma scale, administered by trained research assistants using Computer Assisted Personal Interviewer (CAPI). For qualitative data, one focus group discussion (FGD) was held at each site with 8-10 purposively selected PWIDs, and transcripts were analyzed thematically. The study findings reveals that most respondents were male (78%) with a mean age of 32.7±7 years. Pentazocine use was common (52%), and 18% shared needles, with 15% sharing blood after injections among friends. More than half (58%) missed more than one dose of ARVs in the past week. Perceived stigma (59%) was more common than internal stigma (18%), with predictors being student status, non-disclosure of HIV status, and non-adherence to treatment. PWIDs Physical violence (47.5%) and verbal abuse (37.1%) were prevalent among PWIDs. Female PWIDs had a ninefold higher risk of rape. Coping mechanisms included isolation, increased substance use, battle readiness, and positive reframing. <i>Conclusion</i>: PWIDs face significant levels of stigma, violence, and non-adherence, jeopardizing treatment outcomes and perpetuating STI, HIV, and blood-borne infection transmission. Establishing harm-reduction programs is essential to address these vulnerabilities and the consequences associated with drug use.\u0000","PeriodicalId":510667,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Public Health","volume":" 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140992241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public Opinion and Attitudes Toward COVID-19 Vaccination Mandates Among Key Populations in Nigeria","authors":"Abiodun Abiola, Abiodun Paul, Sanni Felix, Batholomew Ochonye, Emmanuel Godwin, Abiodun Ajayi, John Mbah, Roger Abang, A. Kalaiwo, P. Umoh","doi":"10.11648/j.wjph.20240902.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjph.20240902.15","url":null,"abstract":"Nigeria exhibits a heterogeneous culture and factors that can significantly impact the formation of public opinions toward implementing vaccination requirements, especially among the marginalized population. Examining the prevailing public sentiment and attitudes of the key population is crucial. The study employed a cross-sectional approach. Data was collected from HALG OSS sites in Cross River, Niger, and Lagos, focusing on HIV seropositive and non-HIV positive clients/program beneficiaries. 321 people were sampled, and the data was analysed descriptively using IBM-SPSS. The study findings reveals that social media is the primary information source (33.1%) and is significantly influenced by popular social media figures (35.0%). Support for vaccine mandates was high for arriving visitors (89.1%) and frontline healthcare workers (85.6%) but lower for other groups. Unvaccinated participants cited various reasons, such as time constraints (20.0%) and perceiving vaccination as a personal choice (20.0%). Encouragingly, 80.0% expressed a future intent to get vaccinated. Among unvaccinated individuals, 60.0% reported changed views on vaccination, with 80.0% considering side effects and vaccine effectiveness information persuasive. Participants trusted local media and the Ministry of Health but held low regard for government and opposition politicians. The majority supported measures like handwashing and improved social distancing to combat COVID-19. In Conclusion, Social media, led by popular personalities, significantly shapes COVID-19 vaccination perceptions among Nigeria’s key populations. Addressing concerns and using credible sources are essential for vaccine acceptance.\u0000","PeriodicalId":510667,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Public Health","volume":" 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140992481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Breast Self-Examination Among Women Aged 35 to 65 Years in the Commune of Mbour (Senegal)","authors":"B. Guèye, Omar Bassoum, Ndéye Marième Diagne, M. Bop, A. Tall, A. Ndiaye, C. Diop, P. G. Sow, Ousseynou Ka","doi":"10.11648/j.wjph.20240901.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjph.20240901.21","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Breast cancer is second only to cervical cancer in Senegal. It has a high mortality rate because of its late diagnosis and the inadequacy and availability of treatment. In countries with limited resources, breast self-examination is still a means of early diagnosis of breast cancer. The aim of the study was to assess knowledge, attitudes and practice of BSE in the commune of Mbour. Methods: This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study that took place from 01 to 30 July 2022 in the commune of Mbour. The study population consisted of women aged 35 to 65 years who had been living in the study area for more than three months. Sampling was carried out using a two-stage cluster survey. Results: A total of 599 women were surveyed. The average age of the women was 44.3 years. Educated women represented 56.3% of the sample. Married women accounted for 81.4% of the sample and those engaged in an income-generating activity 64.9%. The overall level of knowledge was average, with 57.9% correctly answering questions about breast cancer and breast self-examination. The most frequent sources of information are the media, with television (77.1%), radio (53.4%) and written media (35.2%). Health professionals are also an important source of information, with 43.9% of women informed by this source. Overall, 78.5% (471) of the women surveyed had the 'right' attitude and 20.9% the 'wrong' attitude. We noted in the series that 10.9% (65) of women performed breast self-examination adequately according to the recommended technique. However, 22.7% (136) of women performed BSE inadequately. The practice of BSE was higher in women over 50 (72.3%) than in women under 50, with a statistically significant difference (p<0.05). It is noted that women's level of education had a significant influence (p<0.05) on the practice of BSE, with 69.2% of women who practiced BSE being educated. In contrast, women's marital status and the exercise of income-generating-activity among women had no influence on the practice of BSE. Conclusion: In order to improve the practice of breast self-examination, it is important to strengthen communication aimed at women through the media and healthcare personnel.\u0000","PeriodicalId":510667,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Public Health","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140229936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of Factors Associated with Low Birth Weight in the Bounkiling Health District in 2020 (Senegal)","authors":"M. D. Camara, Bou Diarra, M. Diop, Jean Augustin Diégane Tine, O. Bassoum, M. Diongue, Ndèye Mariéme Sougou, M. Leyé, Adama Faye, Ibrahima Seck","doi":"10.11648/j.wjph.20240901.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjph.20240901.20","url":null,"abstract":"<i>Introduction</i>: Neonatal mortality is particularly high in developing countries. Low birth weight (LBW) is a major public health problem in both developing and developed countries. It accounts for a significant proportion of neonatal deaths. The aim of this study was to determine the factors associated with the occurrence of low birth weight in the Bounkiling health district in 2020. <i>Methodology</i>: This was a retrospective case-control study of the various factors associated with low birth weight, based on women's delivery records from maternity units in the Bounkiling health district throughout 2020. Mothers' socio-demographic characteristics, obstetrical and medical history, and information on the health status of the newborn in the case group (weight less than 2,500 grams) were compared with those in the control group (weight greater than or equal to 2,500 grams). Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed using Épi info 7 software to identify risk factors associated with LBW. <i>Results</i>: The study showed that low birth weight accounted for 97.05% of LBW, the sex ratio was 0.87 in favor of girls, the Apgar score at birth was not good (below 7) for 31.43% of newborns. Teenage mothers accounted for 17.08%. Women with no schooling accounted for 71.34%, and those living in households with a monthly income of less than 50,000 CFA francs per month were 63.71%. Results of the multivariate analysis showed that the risk factors for LBW (p < 0.05) were female sex of the newborn (AOR=1.59 with CI=1.07 - 2.35), Apgar score at birth (AOR=2.79 with CI=1.77 - 4.41), young maternal age under 19 (AOR=2.42 with CI=1.43- 4.12), household income under 50,000 CFA francs, (AOR=1.97 with CI=1.27-3.04), maternal history of low birth weight (AOR=3.62 with CI=2.02-6.50), physical labor during pregnancy (AOR=1.80 with CI=1.20 - 2.69). <i>Conclusion</i>: Improving neonatal health through a reduction in LBW will depend on intensifying the implementation of strategies focused on adolescent reproductive health, strengthening communication with adolescent girls and community leaders on the issue of early marriage and pregnancy, improving pregnancy monitoring at health facilities and raising the socio-economic level of women through their empowerment.\u0000","PeriodicalId":510667,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Public Health","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140247767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Status and Challenges of HIV Services in Niger State: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Providers and Clients","authors":"Olabimpe Gbadeyan, Ebenezer Obi Daniel, Adeola John Gbadeyan, Oladele Abidoye, Joseph Clark, Shadrack Onoja, A. Bello, M. Avwerhota, Christiana Asibi-Ogben Inegbeboh, I. Popoola, M. Tomori, A. Ogun, O. Olagbegi","doi":"10.11648/j.wjph.20240901.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjph.20240901.19","url":null,"abstract":"<i>Introduction</i>: The incidence of HIV/AIDS in Nigerian is on the decline, but with the trio of high inflation, high unemployment, and high terrorism in the country; lot of synergies are still needed to end the HIV scourge. <i>Objective</i>: The study was carried out to determine the status of HIV services in Niger state. <i>Method</i>: A cross-sectional survey, using a simple randomization sampling method, and the client’s viewpoint in health facilities across Niger state was undertaken to examine the challenges faced by HIV service providers. Data from 351 HIV providers, 361 clients were collected using questionnaires; IBM and Pearson correlation were used for descriptive and inferential statistics respectively. <i>Results</i>: The mean age of the providers was (M = 30.50, SD = 8.2). Challenges included poor salary (M = 2.44, SD = 1.16), staff shortage (M = 3.01, SD = 1.24), lack of recognition & incentives (M = 2.57, SD = 0.99; M = 2.63, SD = 1.08), others were infrastructural deficit, inadequate funding, training and materials; poor electricity and internet; lack of research and unionism among others. The non-enabling factors challenges were burnt out (M = 3.01, SD = 0.99), insecurity (M = 3.51, SD = 1.09), working extra hours (M = 3.02; SD = 0,98), migration desire (M = 3.87, SD = 1.06). <i>Conclusion</i>: It is highly overdue, that all HIV stakeholders in the country take complete custodian of all HIV service components; come up with a sustainable policy to steer toward HIV eradication program, by increasing the enabling factors, and reducing the non-enabling factors.\u0000","PeriodicalId":510667,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Public Health","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140260439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}