Open Forum Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Combination of anti-staphylococcal β lactam with standard therapy compared to standard therapy alone for the treatment of MRSA bacteraemia: a post hoc analysis of the CAMERA2 trial using a desirability of outcome ranking (DOOR) approach","authors":"N. Petersiel, Joshua S Davis, Niamh Meagher, David J Price, Steven Y C Tong, D. Lye, D. Yahav, Archana Sud, J Owen Robinson, Jane Nelson, Sophia Archuleta, Matthew A Roberts, Alan Cass, David L. Paterson, H. Foo, Mical Paul, Stephen Guy, A. Tramontana, G. Walls, Stephen McBride, Narin Bak, N. Ghosh, Benjamin A. Rogers, Anna P. Ralph, Jane Davies, Patricia E. Ferguson, R. Dotel, Genevieve L McKew, Timothy J. Gray, Natasha E. Holmes, Simon Smith, M. Warner, S. Kalimuddin, B. Young, Naomi Runnegar, David N Andresen, Nicholas A. Anagnostou, Sandra Johnson, Mark D. Chatfield, Allen C. Cheng, Vance G Fowler, Benjamin P. Howden, Niamh Meagher, David J Price, S. V. van Hal, Matthew V N O Sullivan","doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofae181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofae181","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Desirability of outcome ranking (DOOR) is an emerging approach to clinical trial outcome measurement using an ordinal scale to incorporate efficacy and safety endpoints.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 We applied a previously validated DOOR endpoint to a cohort of CAMERA2 trial participants with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia (MRSAB). Participants were randomly assigned to standard therapy, or to standard therapy plus an anti-staphylococcal β-lactam (combination therapy). Each participant was assigned a DOOR category, within which they were further ranked according to their hospital length of stay (LOS) and duration of intravenous antibiotic treatment. We calculated the probability and the generalized odds ratio of participants receiving combination therapy having worse outcomes than those receiving standard therapy.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Participants assigned combination therapy had a 54.5% (95% CI 48.9-60.1; p=0.11) probability and a 1.2-fold odds (95% CI 0.95–1.50; p=0.12) of having a worse outcome than participants on standard therapy. When further ranked according to LOS and duration of antibiotic treatment, participants in the combination group had a 55.6% (95% CI 49.5-61.7; p=0.07) and 55.3% (95% CI 49.2-61.4; p=0.08) probability of having a worse outcome than participants in the standard treatment group, respectively.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 When considering both efficacy and safety, treatment of MRSAB with a combination of standard therapy and a β-lactam likely results in a worse clinical outcome than standard therapy. However, a small benefit of combination therapy cannot be excluded. Most likely the toxicity of combination therapy outweighed any benefit from faster clearance of bacteraemia.\u0000","PeriodicalId":510506,"journal":{"name":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","volume":"66 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140655858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global seasonal activities of respiratory syncytial virus before the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review","authors":"S. Shan, Weixin Zhang, Huizhi Gao, Pei-Yu Huang, Zhanwei Du, Yuan Bai, Y. Lau, Dongxuan Chen, Eric HY Lau, Joshua Nealon, Peng Wu","doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofae238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofae238","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Varied seasonal patterns of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) have been reported worldwide. We conducted a systematic review on articles identified in PubMed reporting RSV seasonality based on data collected before 1 January 2020. RSV seasonal patterns were examined by geographic location, calendar month, analytic method and meteorological factors including temperature and absolute humidity. Correlation and regression analyses were conducted to explore the relationship between RSV seasonality and study methods and characteristics of study locations. RSV seasons were reported in 209 articles published in 1973-2023 for 317 locations in 77 countries. Regular RSV seasons were similarly reported in countries in temperate regions, with highly variable seasons identified in subtropical and tropical countries. Longer durations of RSV seasons were associated with a higher daily average mean temperature and daily average mean absolute humidity. The global seasonal patterns of RSV provided important information for optimizing interventions against RSV infection.","PeriodicalId":510506,"journal":{"name":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","volume":"2 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140654867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementation of an Automated Antibiotic Time Out at a Comprehensive Cancer Center","authors":"Frank P Tverdek, S. Aitken, V. Mulanovich, Javier A Adachi, Cai Wu, Sherry Cantu, P. McDaneld, Roy F. Chemaly","doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofae235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofae235","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Antimicrobial stewardship programs can optimize antimicrobial use and have been federally mandated in all hospitals. However, best stewardship practices in immunocompromised patients with cancer are not well established.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 An antimicrobial time-out, in the form of an email, was sent to physicians caring for hospitalized patients reaching 5 days of therapy for targeted antimicrobials (daptomycin, linezolid, tigecycline, vancomycin, imipenem/cilastatin, meropenem) in a comprehensive cancer center. Physicians were to discontinue the antimicrobial if unnecessary or document a rationale for continuation. This is a quasi-experimental, interrupted time series analysis assessing antimicrobial use during the following times: Period 1 (pre time-out: 1/2007–6/2010) and Period 2 (post time-out: 7/2010 –3/2015). The primary antimicrobial consumption metric was mean duration of therapy. Days of therapy per 1,000 patient days (DOT/1000 PD) were also assessed.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Implementation of the time-out was associated with a significant decrease in mean duration of therapy for the following antimicrobials; daptomycin: -0.89 d (95% CI -1.38 – -0.41); linezolid: -0.89 d (95% CI -1.27 – -0.52); meropenem: -0.97 d (95% CI -1.39 – -0.56); tigecycline: -1.41 d (95% CI -2.19 – -0.63); p < 0.001 for each comparison. DOT/1000 PD decreased significantly for meropenem (-43.49, 95% CI -58.61 – -28.37, p < 0.001), tigecycline (-35.47, 95% CI -44.94 – -26.00, p < 0.001), and daptomycin (-9.47, 95% CI -15.25 – -3.68, p = 0.002).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A passive day 5 time-out was associated with reduction in targeted antibiotic use in a cancer center and could potentially be successfully adopted to several settings and electronic health records.\u0000","PeriodicalId":510506,"journal":{"name":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","volume":"82 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140655163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frequent disengagement and subsequent mortality among people living with HIV and Hepatitis C in Canada: A prospective cohort study","authors":"Sahar Saeed, Tyler Thomas, Duy Dinh, Erica Moodie, Joseph Cox, Curtis Cooper, John Gill, V. Martel-Laferrière, Dimitra Panagiotoglou, Sharon Walmsley, Alexander Wong, M. Klein","doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofae239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofae239","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The cascade of care, commonly used to assess HIV and Hepatitis C (HCV) health service delivery, has limitations in capturing the complexity of individuals’ engagement patterns. This study examines the dynamic nature of engagement and mortality trajectories among people living with HIV and HCV.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 We used data from the Canadian HIV-HCV Co-Infection Cohort, which prospectively follows 2098 participants from 18 centers bi-annually. Markov multi-state models were used to evaluate sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with transitioning between the following states: (1) Lost-to-follow-up (LTFU), defined as no visit for 18 months; (2) Re-engaged (re-entry into cohort after being LTFU); (3) Withdrawn from the study (i.e. moved); (4) Death; otherwise remained (5) engaged-in-care.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 1809 participants met the eligibility criteria and contributed 12,591 person-years from 2003-2022. LTFU was common, with 46% experiencing at least one episode, of whom only 57% re-engaged. One in five (n = 383) participants died during the study. Participants who transitioned to LTFU were twice as likely to die as those who were consistently engaged. Factors associated with transitioning to LTFU included detectable HCV RNA (aHR 1.37, 95% CI 1.13, 1.67), evidence of HCV treatment but no sustained virologic response (SVR) result (aHR 1.99, 95% CI 1.56, 2.53) and recent incarceration (aHR 1.94 95% CI 1.58, 2.40). Being Indigenous was a significant predictor of death across all engagement trajectories.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Disengagement from clinical care was common and resulted in higher death rates. People LTFU were more likely to require HCV treatment highlighting a priority population for elimination strategies.\u0000","PeriodicalId":510506,"journal":{"name":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","volume":"31 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140658910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety and short-term efficacy of a single dose of 2 mg moxidectin in Loa loa infected individuals: a double-blind, randomized ivermectin-controlled trial with ascending microfilarial densities","authors":"G. Wafeu, Tristan M Lepage, Jérémy T. Campillo, Arnauld Efon-Ekangouo, H. Nana-Djeunga, Narcisse Nzune-Toche, A. Domche, Laurentine Sumo, G. Njitchouang, Martine Augusta Flore Tsasse, J. Bopda, Yves Aubin Balog, Yannick Niamsi-Emalio, Stève Mbickmen-Tchana, Gervais Kamga Talla, Yannick Sédrick Nguedia Kana, Félicité Diane Maga Messina, S. Pion, A. Kuesel, J. Kamgno, M. Boussinesq, C. Chesnais","doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofae240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofae240","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 In 2018, the US FDA approved the macrocylic lactone moxidectin (MOX) at 8 mg dosage for onchocerciasis treatment in individuals aged ≥12 year-old. Severe adverse reactions have occurred after ivermectin (IVM), also a macrocyclic lactone, in individuals with high Loa loa microfilaria density (MFD). This study compared the safety and efficacy of a 2 mg MOX dose and the standard 150 µg/kg IVM dose in individuals with low L loa MFD.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A double-blind randomized, ivermectin-controlled, trial of a 2 mg moxidectin dose was conducted in Cameroon between May and July 2022. It enrolled 72 adult men with L. loa MFD between 5-1000 microfilaria/mL. Outcomes were occurrence of adverse events (AE) and L loa MFD reduction rate during the first month off treatment.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 No serious or severe AEs occurred among the 36 MOX or the 36 IVM treated individuals. Forty-nine AEs occurred in the MOX arm vs 59 AEs in the IVM arm. Grade 2 AE incidence was higher among IVM than MOX treated participants (38.5% and 14.3%, respectively, p = 0.043). Median MFD reduction rates were significantly higher after IVM than MOX at day 3 (D3) (70.2% vs 48.5%), D7 (76.4% vs 50.0%) and D30 (79.8% vs 48.1%).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A single 2 mg MOX dose is as safe as 150 µg/kg IVM in patients with low L loa MFD. Further studies with higher moxidectin doses and in patients with higher MFD are warranted.\u0000","PeriodicalId":510506,"journal":{"name":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","volume":"6 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140654022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex Differences in the Immunogenicity and Efficacy of Seasonal Influenza Vaccines: A Meta-analysis of Randomized-Controlled Trials","authors":"Fazia Tadount, Marilou Kiely, Ali Assi, Ellen Rafferty, Manish Sadarangani, Shannon E MacDonald, Caroline Quach","doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofae222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofae222","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Sex impacts individuals’ response to vaccination. However, most vaccine studies do not report these differences disaggregated by sex. The aim of this study was to assess sex differences in the immunogenicity and efficacy of influenza vaccine.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 We performed a meta-analysis using phase III randomized-controlled trials data conducted between 2010-2018. Using heamagglutination inhibition antibody titers for each strain, differences in geometric mean ratios (GMR) were calculated by sex. Risk ratios (RR) comparing seroconversion proportions were pooled for females and males using random-effects models. Vaccine efficacy (VE) was assessed. Data were analyzed by age group (18-64 vs. ≥65 years).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A total of 33,092 healthy adults from 19 studies were included for immunogenicity analysis, and 6,740 from one study for VE. Whereas no sex differences in immunogenicity were found in adults < 65 years old, older females had a significantly greater chance to seroconvert compared to older males for all strains: RRH1N1 1·17 [1·12, 1·23]; RRH3N2 1·09 [1·05, 1·14]; RRVictoria 1·23 [1·14, 1·31]; RRYamagata 1·22 [1·14, 1·30]. GMRs were also higher in older females for all strains compared to older males. VE in preventing lab-confirmed influenza was higher in older females compared to older males with VEs of 27·32% (1·15, 46·56) and 6·06% (-37·68, 35·90), respectively.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Our results suggest a higher immunogenicity and VE in females compared to males in older adults. These differences in immunogenicity and VE support the disaggregation of vaccine data by sex in clinical trials and observational studies.\u0000","PeriodicalId":510506,"journal":{"name":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","volume":"46 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140664929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Whole Blood PCR Preferred for Timely Diagnosis of Neuroinvasive West Nile Virus Infections: Lessons from the 2021 Arizona Outbreak","authors":"Sabirah N. Kasule, Emily C. Fernholz, Leah Grant, Amy Kole, T. Grys, Erin Kaleta, E. Theel, B. Pritt, Erin H Graf","doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofae188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofae188","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 In 2021, the state of Arizona experienced the largest focal outbreak of West Nile Virus (WNV) in US history. Timely and accurate diagnostic testing remains a challenge for WNV due to transient viremia and limited immunoassay specificity. Recent studies have identified whole blood (WB) and urine as more sensitive specimen types for the detection of WNV RNA.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 We evaluated ordering practices, test performance and patient characteristics of probable and confirmed cases. In total we identified 190 probable and proven cases, including 127 patients (66.8%) with neuroinvasive disease.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Among all cases, only 29.5% had WNV polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing ordered on WB, of which 80.3% resulted as positive, including 7 cases in which WNV serologic testing was negative and 5 cases for which serologic testing was not ordered. In comparison, only 23.7% of cases that had cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) PCR ordered had a positive result, which included 3 cases that were negative by PCR on WB. In contrast, WNV PCR on WB detected 12 neuroinvasive cases that were CSF PCR negative. WNV PCR testing in urine was only ordered on 2 patients, both of which were positive. Crossing cycle threshold (Ct) values were not significantly different between WB and CSF specimen types, nor was there a correlation between Ct value and days from symptom onset at the time of sample collection; all specimen types and timepoints had Ct values, with 98% above 30. WB was positive by WNV PCR in several patients for more than 7 days (range: 7 to 25 days) after symptom onset, as was the CSF PCR.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Taken together these findings indicate that WNV PCR testing on WB may be the best initial test for timely diagnosis of WNV infection, irrespective of clinical manifestation, however if negative in patients with suspected neuroinvasive disease, WNV PCR testing on CSF should be ordered.\u0000","PeriodicalId":510506,"journal":{"name":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","volume":"27 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140663605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community-based Services for Hospitalized Patients with Serious Injection-Related Infections in Alabama: A Brief Report","authors":"Kelly W. Gagnon, William S Bradford, John Bassler, A. Nassel, E. Kay, Madison Jeziorski, Myles D Prados, Brandi McCleskey, James Kobie, Ellen Eaton","doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofae231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofae231","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Injection-related infections continue to rise, particularly in the South. People who inject drugs are increasingly utilizing hospital services for serious injection-related infections but may be discharged to areas without harm reduction services. We explored the availability and travel time to services for HIV and substance use in Alabama.","PeriodicalId":510506,"journal":{"name":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","volume":"36 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140664938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deciphering the Efficacy of the β-Lactams in the Face of Metallo-β-lactamase Derived Resistance in Enterobacterales: Supraphysiologic Zinc in the Broth is the Culprit","authors":"Kamilia Abdelraouf, C. Gill, Matthew Gethers, G. Tiseo, Simona Barnini, Marco Falcone, Francesco Menichetti, David P. Nicolau","doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofae228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofae228","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 In vitro-in vivo discordance in β-lactams activities against metallo-ß-lactamase (MBL)-producing Enterobacterales has been described. We aimed to assess whether this discordance was attributed to the supra-physiologic zinc concentration in the in vitro testing media.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A clinical and microbiological observational study of patients with bloodstream infections due to New Delhi metallo-ß-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae was performed. Outcomes of patients treated empirically with non-MBL-active β-lactam therapy (carbapenems and ceftazidime/avibactam) and MBL-active β-lactam therapy (ceftazidime/avibactam +aztreonam) were documented. The patients’ isolates were used to induce septicemia in mice and survival upon meropenem treatment was recorded. Meropenem MICs were determined in standard media and in presence of physiological zinc concentrations.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Twenty-nine patients receiving empiric non-MBL-active β-lactams (median duration 4 days) were compared to 29 receiving MBL-active β-lactams. The 14-day-mortality rates were 21% and 14%, respectively. In the murine septicemia model, meropenem treatment resulted in protection from mortality(P < 0.0001). Meropenem MICs in the physiologic zinc concentration broth were 1- to >16-fold lower versus MICs in zinc-unadjusted broth (≥64 mg/L).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Our data provide foundational support to establish PK/PD relationships using MICs derived in physiologic zinc concentration which may better predict β-lactam therapy outcome.\u0000","PeriodicalId":510506,"journal":{"name":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","volume":"15 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140666359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Critical Need: More Data on Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs in Critical Access Hospitals","authors":"Jonathan H Ryder, Jenna Preusker, Jeremy Tigh, Muhammad Salman Ashraf, Danny Schroeder, T. V. Van Schooneveld","doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofae196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofae196","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":510506,"journal":{"name":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","volume":"142 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140760588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}