Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements最新文献

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Buckling analysis of laminated multiphase composite plates under in-plane loading using data-driven soft computing 基于数据驱动软计算的多相复合材料层合板面内屈曲分析
IF 4.2 2区 工程技术
Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements Pub Date : 2025-04-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.enganabound.2025.106227
Umut Topal , Duy-Khuong Ly , Ho-Nam Vu , T. Nguyen-Thoi
{"title":"Buckling analysis of laminated multiphase composite plates under in-plane loading using data-driven soft computing","authors":"Umut Topal ,&nbsp;Duy-Khuong Ly ,&nbsp;Ho-Nam Vu ,&nbsp;T. Nguyen-Thoi","doi":"10.1016/j.enganabound.2025.106227","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enganabound.2025.106227","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Laminated multiphase composite plates reinforced with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon fibers in an epoxy matrix offer excellent mechanical performance for lightweight, high-strength applications. This study focuses on their buckling behavior under in-plane loads by developing a soft computing framework that couples isogeometric analysis (IGA) with Murakami’s zigzag theory for layerwise displacement representation and a deep feedforward neural network for data-driven prediction. A set of numerical simulations is conducted to generate training and validation data across various laminate thicknesses, fiber orientations, CNT/carbon fiber volume fractions, and boundary conditions. These simulation results are split into training and validation subsets, ensuring the evaluation of the machine learning model’s accuracy in predicting critical buckling loads. The trained predictive models are then evaluated against reference solutions to confirm their accuracy. After verifying the models’ reliability, the framework is employed to carry out a detailed parametric investigation, assessing key parameters that affect the buckling response of laminated multiphase composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51039,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements","volume":"176 ","pages":"Article 106227"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143808093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Prediction of hysteretic shapes for reinforced concrete columns using conditional generative adversarial networks 用条件生成对抗网络预测钢筋混凝土柱的滞回形状
IF 4.2 2区 工程技术
Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements Pub Date : 2025-04-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.enganabound.2025.106244
Peng-Yu Chen, Han-Xhing Chen
{"title":"Prediction of hysteretic shapes for reinforced concrete columns using conditional generative adversarial networks","authors":"Peng-Yu Chen,&nbsp;Han-Xhing Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.enganabound.2025.106244","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enganabound.2025.106244","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The hysteretic response of reinforced concrete (RC) columns is essential for understanding the seismic capacity of RC buildings. Traditional methods for estimating this response often rely on experimental tests or numerical simulations, which are labor-intensive, costly, and sometimes unstable. This study presents HysGAN-RC, a conditional generative adversarial network model developed to predict the hysteretic behavior of RC columns. The model was trained using 258 hysteretic loops of RC column specimens encompassing flexure, flexure-shear, and shear failure modes. By incorporating the Wasserstein distance with a gradient penalty, HysGAN-RC improves the baseline CGAN performance. The model’s effectiveness was evaluated using Intersection over Union (IoU) and Fréchet Inception Distance (FID) metrics under various conditions. Numerical experiments show that HysGAN-RC achieves a mean IoU of 0.68 and an FID of 7.2 when utilizing ten RC design parameters, including geometric, material, and reinforcement details. The model’s performance is further supported by a mean Structural Similarity Index of 0.90, indicating strong agreement between generated and real hysteretic curves in both visual shape and mechanical behavior. Notably, HysGAN-RC can predict hysteretic shapes across varying design conditions without requiring prior knowledge of the failure type, positioning it as a promising tool for high-fidelity seismic assessment of RC columns.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51039,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements","volume":"176 ","pages":"Article 106244"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143808094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Q-learning approach to asymptotic feedback set stabilization with missing data in networked systems 网络系统中缺失数据渐近反馈集镇定的q学习方法
IF 4.2 2区 工程技术
Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements Pub Date : 2025-04-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.enganabound.2025.106203
Yan Li , Ziyi Yang , Chi Huang , Wenjun Xiong
{"title":"Q-learning approach to asymptotic feedback set stabilization with missing data in networked systems","authors":"Yan Li ,&nbsp;Ziyi Yang ,&nbsp;Chi Huang ,&nbsp;Wenjun Xiong","doi":"10.1016/j.enganabound.2025.106203","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enganabound.2025.106203","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Real-world systems frequently encounter data loss caused by external interference or channel congestion. Such unreliable transmission can significantly impact system dynamics. To mitigate its effects on Boolean control networks (BCNs), this paper investigates the asymptotic feedback set stabilization of BCNs with missing data. Firstly, an augmented system is constructed to handle the data loss. Subsequently, two methods are proposed to design the feedback control, with Q-learning employed to address situations where a model-free approach is required. Finally, an illustrative example is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51039,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements","volume":"177 ","pages":"Article 106203"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143799595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A hybrid-dimensional modeling method for the vibration of embedding 1D rotation-free beam into 3D solid under rotating scenarios 旋转场景下一维无旋转梁嵌入三维实体振动的混合维建模方法
IF 4.2 2区 工程技术
Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements Pub Date : 2025-04-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.enganabound.2025.106245
Xi Kuang , Cosmin Anitescu , Peng He , Zhansheng Liu , Timon Rabczuk
{"title":"A hybrid-dimensional modeling method for the vibration of embedding 1D rotation-free beam into 3D solid under rotating scenarios","authors":"Xi Kuang ,&nbsp;Cosmin Anitescu ,&nbsp;Peng He ,&nbsp;Zhansheng Liu ,&nbsp;Timon Rabczuk","doi":"10.1016/j.enganabound.2025.106245","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enganabound.2025.106245","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hybrid-dimensional models are widely used in large-scale engineering machinery. In this paper, a hybrid-dimensional modeling method for the vibration of embedding 1D structures into 3D solids under rotating scenarios is developed. Based on the Nitsche method, a weak coupling strategy is first proposed to improve a rotation-free 1D beam, enhancing its prediction capability for complex geometries. Then, by embedding the improved 1D rotation-free beam into a 3D solid, a weak coupling method capable of considering complex vibration modes is proposed for the hybrid-dimensional problems. Both the 1D and 3D models are discretized within an isogeometric framework. Hamilton's principle is employed to derive the governing equations. The numerical accuracy and efficiency of the proposed approach are investigated in various scenarios and complex geometries, and the influence of the stability parameters, interface lengths, and rotating speeds on the solutions is discussed. The results demonstrate that the proposed method can accurately predict complex vibration modes with small computational scale under suitable stability parameters, different interface lengths, and rotating speeds. The presented method also exhibits the ability to model complex geometrical structures, making it easy to extend to complex rotor systems with multiple flexible irregular disks, shafts and general supports.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51039,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements","volume":"177 ","pages":"Article 106245"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143791369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Investigation of the dynamic response of Floating Offshore Wind Turbines based on vortex lattice aerodynamic model 基于涡格气动模型的海上浮式风力机动力响应研究
IF 4.2 2区 工程技术
Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements Pub Date : 2025-04-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.enganabound.2025.106243
Rongjiang Tang, Wei Huang, Xueyou Li, Huihuan Ma, Zheng Hu
{"title":"Investigation of the dynamic response of Floating Offshore Wind Turbines based on vortex lattice aerodynamic model","authors":"Rongjiang Tang,&nbsp;Wei Huang,&nbsp;Xueyou Li,&nbsp;Huihuan Ma,&nbsp;Zheng Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.enganabound.2025.106243","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enganabound.2025.106243","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Efficient and accurate simulation of the motion response of floating wind turbine (FOWT) is critical for their design and operation. This study employed the vortex lattice method (VLM) to investigate and validate the aerodynamic performance of FOWT. By integrating the VLM with a potential flow hydrodynamic model, a coupled simulation framework was developed to comprehensively analyze floating platform fluid dynamics, mooring system dynamics, and wind turbine aerodynamic responses. The results confirm the reliability and accuracy of this method. Through simulation, key unsteady aerodynamic and hydrodynamic responses of the floating platform, such as motions of six degree-of-freedoms (DOFs) and mooring tension under various wave conditions and wind forces, were explored and analyzed. The findings highlight the significant potential and promising prospects of potential flow aerodynamic methods, such as VLM, in advancing wind turbine research and design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51039,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements","volume":"177 ","pages":"Article 106243"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143791370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Fast calculation of electrostatic fields based on conformal mapping 基于保角映射的静电场快速计算
IF 4.2 2区 工程技术
Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements Pub Date : 2025-04-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.enganabound.2025.106257
Nengxing Guo , Ruifang Li , Xiaobin Cao , Yujing Liang , Qian Lei , Shuyan Cai , Jie Zhou , Yifan Xu , Weibin Wen
{"title":"Fast calculation of electrostatic fields based on conformal mapping","authors":"Nengxing Guo ,&nbsp;Ruifang Li ,&nbsp;Xiaobin Cao ,&nbsp;Yujing Liang ,&nbsp;Qian Lei ,&nbsp;Shuyan Cai ,&nbsp;Jie Zhou ,&nbsp;Yifan Xu ,&nbsp;Weibin Wen","doi":"10.1016/j.enganabound.2025.106257","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enganabound.2025.106257","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the challenges of electrostatic field calculation for dynamic sources in complex terrains, this study proposes a computational strategy combining multi-level conformal mapping (CM) and the method of image (MI). By coordinating fractional linear transformations with the Cauchy integral theorem, the actual terrain boundary was converted into a standard half-plane, establishing a mathematical model based on a single integral equation. The method demonstrates good adaptability for 2D smooth non-intersecting boundaries and 3D symmetric boundary scenarios, with the method of image simplifying repeated calculations in dynamic source scenarios. Numerical experiments reveal that in 2D planar fields, the maximum relative deviation between this method (CM-MI) and finite element method (FEM)/boundary element method (BEM) was &lt;0.12 %. For 3D highly symmetric fields, deviations remained within 5 % for approximately 97 % of the spatial regions. Compared with FEM, the proposed method shows significant computational efficiency improvements in lightning leader development simulations - time consumption was reduced by two orders of magnitude during 40-step simulations. Preliminary experiments indicate that the method's simulation results for mountain lightning strike distribution align with actual statistical trends.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51039,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements","volume":"176 ","pages":"Article 106257"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143791279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Environmental vibration simulation of metro operation based on multi-boundary problem time domain boundary element method 基于多边界问题时域边界元法的地铁运行环境振动仿真
IF 4.2 2区 工程技术
Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements Pub Date : 2025-04-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.enganabound.2025.106249
Hongjun Li , Jinqi Yang , Jiancheng Liu , Yan Liu , Xiaoshuai Yin , Weidong Lei
{"title":"Environmental vibration simulation of metro operation based on multi-boundary problem time domain boundary element method","authors":"Hongjun Li ,&nbsp;Jinqi Yang ,&nbsp;Jiancheng Liu ,&nbsp;Yan Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaoshuai Yin ,&nbsp;Weidong Lei","doi":"10.1016/j.enganabound.2025.106249","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enganabound.2025.106249","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The environmental vibration problem induced by metro operation can be simplified as a semi-infinite domain multi-boundary wave problem. With the rapid development of metro networks, the vibration problems have an increasingly significant impact on adjacent living and working environments. Therefore, the demand for high-precision environmental vibration analysis is becoming more and more urgent. Finite element method faces bottlenecks such as numerical oscillations, artificial boundary dependence and low computational efficiency in dealing with semi-infinite domain problems. In this paper, a multi-boundary time domain boundary element method (MTD-BEM) is proposed. By placing the original point <em>P</em> and field point <em>Q</em> in same and different boundaries, the influence coefficients present different characteristics in terms of singularity. Therefore, the influence coefficients are classified and solved according to their characteristics. MTD-BEM has the advantages of high accuracy and low resource consumption, which significantly reduces the mesh division requirements and computational errors. MTD-BEM is validated by two examples. The results of MTD-BEM are in high agreement with those of finite element method (FEM) and have good stability. Finally, the method is used to simulate the environmental vibration. The displacement and spectrum of one-sided tunnel loading, sequential loading and simultaneous loading are successfully simulated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51039,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements","volume":"176 ","pages":"Article 106249"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143791278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A linear fracture constitutive model for the two-dimensional finite-discrete element method (FDEM) and its parameters calibration procedure 二维有限离散元法(FDEM)的线性断裂本构模型及其参数标定程序
IF 4.2 2区 工程技术
Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements Pub Date : 2025-04-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.enganabound.2025.106228
Chengzeng Yan , Du Han , Hong Zheng , Tie Wang , Sajid Ali
{"title":"A linear fracture constitutive model for the two-dimensional finite-discrete element method (FDEM) and its parameters calibration procedure","authors":"Chengzeng Yan ,&nbsp;Du Han ,&nbsp;Hong Zheng ,&nbsp;Tie Wang ,&nbsp;Sajid Ali","doi":"10.1016/j.enganabound.2025.106228","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enganabound.2025.106228","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The parameters calibration of the original fracture constitutive model for the joint element in the finite-discrete element method (FDEM) is very complex. To simplify the parameter calibration procedure, we firstly propose a linear fracture constitutive model for the two-dimensional finite-discrete element method (FDEM). Based on the simplified constitutive model for the joint element, the proposed calibration procedure only involves adjusting two parameters (<em>r<sub>o</sub></em> and <em>r<sub>s</sub></em>), which represent the post-peak strain to pre-peak strain ratio and have a clear physical meaning. Other rock mechanical parameters can directly take from the experimental values. Then, the correctness of the proposed fracture constitutive model is verified by a series of rock numerical tests. Finally, the calibration procedure of the input parameters for the Jinping Baishan Group marble is provided by using the linear fracture constitutive model. The proposed constitutive model can significantly simplify the parameter calibration process and improve the computational efficiency, which enables FDEM better applied to practical engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51039,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements","volume":"176 ","pages":"Article 106228"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143767946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Boundary element analysis for MHD Brinkman flow around circular cylinders inside a microchannel exhibiting wall roughness 具有壁面粗糙度的微通道内绕圆柱体流动的MHD Brinkman边界元分析
IF 4.2 2区 工程技术
Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements Pub Date : 2025-04-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.enganabound.2025.106235
Vishal Chhabra , Chandra Shekhar Nishad , Manoj Sahni , Vineet Kumar Chaurasiya
{"title":"Boundary element analysis for MHD Brinkman flow around circular cylinders inside a microchannel exhibiting wall roughness","authors":"Vishal Chhabra ,&nbsp;Chandra Shekhar Nishad ,&nbsp;Manoj Sahni ,&nbsp;Vineet Kumar Chaurasiya","doi":"10.1016/j.enganabound.2025.106235","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enganabound.2025.106235","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Inspired by the dynamics of blood flow around clots, emboli, and drug capsules in blood vessels, this study introduces a hydrodynamic model describing the steady, pressure-driven flow of a viscous, incompressible fluid past multiple equally sized circular cylinders within a rectangular microchannel. To create a permeable environment, the microchannel is embedded with a uniform, isotropic porous medium. To simulate roughness on the permeable walls, alternating Navier slip and no-slip boundary conditions are imposed, maintaining the same phase configuration. The system operates at a low Reynolds number and is influenced by an external magnetic field. The Brinkman equations, which govern the flow through the porous domain, are solved using the boundary element method (BEM). The hydrodynamics of the proposed model, with two instances of slip-periodicity, are studied extensively. Increasing Darcy number induces a more permeable porous medium, causing a significant reduction in flow resistance, particularly in regions farther from the channel boundaries. The Lorentz force, which is most effective at generating drag when perpendicular to the flow, becomes less impactful as the inclination angle of the magnetic field increases. The shear stress is minimized at the points at which Navier's slip and no-slip boundary conditions coincide. The proposed model enhances microfluidic systems for precise drug delivery, optimizes lab-on-chip devices for diagnostics, and improves fluid dynamics in porous systems like heat exchangers and filtration processes. It also supports the development of medical devices that better simulate natural blood flow, advancing the efficiency of artificial organs and implants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51039,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements","volume":"176 ","pages":"Article 106235"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143760311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Implicit-splitting physics-driven particle relaxation for enhancement of Eulerian SPH 隐式分裂物理驱动的粒子弛豫增强欧拉SPH
IF 4.2 2区 工程技术
Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements Pub Date : 2025-04-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.enganabound.2025.106239
Bo Zhang , Zhentong Wang , Decheng Wan , Xiangyu Hu
{"title":"Implicit-splitting physics-driven particle relaxation for enhancement of Eulerian SPH","authors":"Bo Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhentong Wang ,&nbsp;Decheng Wan ,&nbsp;Xiangyu Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.enganabound.2025.106239","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enganabound.2025.106239","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Physics-driven particle relaxation, driven by either constant background pressure or the kernel gradient correction (KGC) matrix, has been proposed to generate isotropic and body-fitted particle distributions for complex geometries while ensuring zero-order consistency in smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH). However, this relaxation process often encounters challenges, such as a low decay rate of residuals and difficulties in achieving convergence to minor zero-order consistency errors, particularly for three-dimensional complex geometries and scenarios with a small ratio of smoothing length <span><math><mi>h</mi></math></span> to particle spacing <span><math><mrow><mi>Δ</mi><mi>x</mi></mrow></math></span>. This limitation hinders the development of Eulerian SPH (ESPH), as its accuracy depends on the initial particle configurations, while the smoothing length determines the computational cost. In this work, we introduce an implicit-splitting approach to improve the relaxation process, aiming to obtain isotropic particle distributions with negligible zero-order consistency errors at reduced <span><math><mrow><mi>h</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>Δ</mi><mi>x</mi></mrow></math></span> values. This approach provides the initial particle distribution for ESPH, enhancing its computational efficiency by reducing the number of neighboring particles. Extensive relaxation examples demonstrate that the proposed method significantly reduces the relaxation residual and achieves substantially smaller zero-order consistency errors. Subsequently, different incompressible numerical examples based on relaxed particles have been validated using Eulerian SPH. A value of <span><math><mrow><mi>h</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>Δ</mi><mi>x</mi></mrow></math></span> smaller than 1.0 was selected to reduce neighboring particles, and the reverse kernel gradient correction (RKGC) was adopted to ensure first-order consistency. The numerical results consistently show good accuracy and smoother contours than those obtained from the finite volume method (FVM) implemented in an SPH framework based on unstructured meshes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51039,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements","volume":"176 ","pages":"Article 106239"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143747891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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