Languages最新文献_第3页

Arabic Compound Numerals: New Insights on Case, Agreement, and Quantification 阿拉伯复数：关于大小写、一致和定量的新见解

Languages Pub Date : 2024-05-20 DOI: 10.3390/languages9050185

Hussein Al-Bataineh

引用次数: 0

The Effect of Pitch Accent on the Perception of English Lexical Stress: Evidence from English and Mandarin Chinese Listeners 音高重音对英语词性重音感知的影响：来自英语和汉语普通话听者的证据

Languages Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.3390/languages9030087

Fenqi Wang, Delin Deng, Kevin Tang, Ratree Wayland

引用次数: 0

On the Role of Informal vs. Formal Context of Language Experience in Italian–German Primary School Children 意大利-德国小学生语言经验中非正式与正式语境的作用

Languages Pub Date : 2024-02-16 DOI: 10.3390/languages9020063

Mariapaola Piccione, M. Ferin, Noemi Furlani, Miriam Geiss, Theodoros Marinis, Tanja Kupisch

引用次数: 0

Not Batting an Eye: Figurative Meanings of L2 Idioms Do Not Interfere with Literal Uses 不打眼：第二语言成语的比喻意义不会干扰字面用法

Languages Pub Date : 2024-01-19 DOI: 10.3390/languages9010032

Marianna Kyriacou, Franziska Köder

{"title":"Not Batting an Eye: Figurative Meanings of L2 Idioms Do Not Interfere with Literal Uses","authors":"Marianna Kyriacou, Franziska Köder","doi":"10.3390/languages9010032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/languages9010032","url":null,"abstract":"Encountering idioms (hit the sack = “go to bed”) in a second language (L2) often results in a literal-first understanding (“literally hit a sack”). The figurative meaning is retrieved later, subject to idiom familiarity and L2 proficiency, and typically at a processing cost. Intriguingly recent findings report the overextension of idiom use in inappropriate contexts by advanced L2 users, with greater L2 proficiency somewhat mitigating this effect. In this study, we tested the tenability of this finding by comparing eye-movement patterns for idioms used literally, vs. literal control phrases (hit the dirt) in an eye-tracking-while-reading paradigm. We hypothesised that if idiom overextension holds, processing delays should be observed for idioms, as the (over)activated but contextually irrelevant figurative meanings would cause interference. In contrast, unambiguous control phrases should be faster to process. The results demonstrated undifferentiated processing for idioms used literally and control phrases across measures, with L2 proficiency affecting both similarly. Therefore, the findings do not support the hypothesis that advanced L2 users overextend idiom use in inappropriate contexts, nor that L2 proficiency modulates this tendency. The results are also discussed in light of potential pitfalls pertaining to idiom priming under typical experimental settings.","PeriodicalId":510372,"journal":{"name":"Languages","volume":"4 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139525232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Lexical Knowledge in School-Aged Children with High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder: Associations with Other Linguistic Skills 高功能自闭症谱系障碍学龄儿童的词汇知识：与其他语言技能的关联

Languages Pub Date : 2024-01-18 DOI: 10.3390/languages9010031

Vasiliki Zarokanellou, Alexandra Prentza, D. Tafiadis, G. Kolaitis, Katerina Papanikolaou

{"title":"Lexical Knowledge in School-Aged Children with High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder: Associations with Other Linguistic Skills","authors":"Vasiliki Zarokanellou, Alexandra Prentza, D. Tafiadis, G. Kolaitis, Katerina Papanikolaou","doi":"10.3390/languages9010031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/languages9010031","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This quasi-experimental comparative group study examined vocabulary knowledge and its associations with other language skills in Greek-speaking children with high-functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder and mild language impairment (HF-ASDLI) and typically developing (TD) peers. Methods: 25 children aged 7–10 years old participated in each group. Groups were matched in age, gender, and non-verbal IQ. Naming and word definition tasks were used to evaluate vocabulary knowledge in both groups. Results: Groups did not differ in the naming task; however, children with HF-ASDLI scored lower in the definition task. Both vocabulary tasks positively correlated with morpho-syntactic and overall language ability in both groups, although a significant positive correlation was detected between vocabulary knowledge and informational competence exclusively in the group with HF-ASDLI. Conclusions: Being in the HF-ASDLI group and having narrative ability significantly predicted participants’ performance in the definitions task, indicating that language impairment better explains vocabulary difficulties. These results agree with findings from the English language.","PeriodicalId":510372,"journal":{"name":"Languages","volume":"72 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139526630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Features of Grammatical Writing Competence among Early Writers in a Norwegian School Context 挪威学校环境下早期写作者语法写作能力的特点

Languages Pub Date : 2024-01-16 DOI: 10.3390/languages9010029

Mari Nygård, Anne Kathrine Hundal

{"title":"Features of Grammatical Writing Competence among Early Writers in a Norwegian School Context","authors":"Mari Nygård, Anne Kathrine Hundal","doi":"10.3390/languages9010029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/languages9010029","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we investigate how grammatical competence is manifested in young students’ written texts and how this contributes to the students’ overall writing competence. We pose the following two research questions: (i) Which grammatical features appear in a selection of young students’ texts? and (ii) What do these features reveal about different aspects of the students’ grammatical writing competence? The empirical fundament for this study is a representative sample of texts gathered through the project FUS—Functional Writing in the First School Years. Our primary material amounts to a total of 534 texts written by first- and second-grade students (ages 6–7). The students have completed two writing tasks, in which they were asked to write one descriptive and one narrative text. In our analyses, we see grammatical writing competence as consisting of several sub-competencies—namely, grammatical repertoire, grammatical complexity, grammatical variation, and grammatical choice. Our analyses show that the grammatical repertoire of beginner students is well-developed. The frequency of specific grammatical features differs between the two writing tasks, underpinning the argument that certain text types trigger certain grammatical choices.","PeriodicalId":510372,"journal":{"name":"Languages","volume":"40 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139527906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The ProA Online Tool for Prosody Assessment and Its Use for the Definition of Acoustic Models for Prosodic Evaluation of L2 Spanish Learners ProA 在线拟声词评估工具及其在西班牙语第二语言学习者拟声词评估声学模型定义中的应用

Languages Pub Date : 2024-01-15 DOI: 10.3390/languages9010028

Juan-María Garrido, Daniel Ortega

{"title":"The ProA Online Tool for Prosody Assessment and Its Use for the Definition of Acoustic Models for Prosodic Evaluation of L2 Spanish Learners","authors":"Juan-María Garrido, Daniel Ortega","doi":"10.3390/languages9010028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/languages9010028","url":null,"abstract":"Assessment of prosody is not usually included in the evaluation of oral expression skills of L2 Spanish learners. Some of the factors that probably explain this fact are the lack of adequate materials, correctness models and tools to carry out this assessment. This paper describes one of the results of the ProA (Prosody Assessment) project, a web tool for the online assessment of Spanish prosody. The tool allows the online development of evaluation tests and rubrics, the completion of these tests and their remote scoring. An example of use of this tool for research purposes is also presented: three prosodic parameters (global energy, speech rate, F0 range) of a set of oral productions of two L2 Spanish learners, collected using the tests developed in the project, were evaluated by three L2 Spanish teachers using the web tool and the rubrics developed also in the ProA project, and the obtained ratings were compared with the results of the acoustic analysis of these parameters in the material to determine to what extent there was a correlation between evaluators’ judgements and prosodic parameters. The results obtained may be of interest, for example, for the development of future automatic prosody assessment systems.","PeriodicalId":510372,"journal":{"name":"Languages","volume":"121 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139529829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

On the Acquisition of Differential Object Marking in Child Heritage Spanish: Bilingual Education, Exposure, and Age Effects (In Memory of Phoebe Search) 论儿童传统西班牙语中差异对象标记的习得：双语教育、接触和年龄效应（纪念菲比-索斯特）

Languages Pub Date : 2024-01-12 DOI: 10.3390/languages9010026

Patrick D. Thane

{"title":"On the Acquisition of Differential Object Marking in Child Heritage Spanish: Bilingual Education, Exposure, and Age Effects (In Memory of Phoebe Search)","authors":"Patrick D. Thane","doi":"10.3390/languages9010026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/languages9010026","url":null,"abstract":"Studies on school-aged children have been infrequent in research on Spanish as a heritage language. The present study explored how dual-language immersion education, patterns of heritage language use, proficiency, and age shape child Spanish heritage speakers’ production and selection of differential object marking (DOM). A total of 57 English–Spanish bilingual children and 18 Spanish-dominant adults completed sentence completion and morphology selection tasks. Results revealed that the group of heritage speaker children that produced and selected the differential object marker most frequently was the seventh and eighth grade children (ages 12–14, the oldest in the study) who had completed a dual-language immersion program. Different factors accounted for variability in each task: bilingual education and proficiency affected the production of DOM, while age affected selection. Heritage speakers selected DOM more frequently than they produced this structure. These findings have implications for theories of heritage language acquisition that emphasizes that language experience and exposure account for differences between heritage speakers and argue for the dissociation of production from underlying syntactic knowledge. The data also argue that heritage speakers may possess a bilingual alignment for DOM, whereby underlying receptive knowledge is modulated by cumulative exposure, while production depends more on bilingual education and proficiency in Spanish.","PeriodicalId":510372,"journal":{"name":"Languages","volume":"23 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139532739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Acoustic Correlates of Subtypes of Irony in Chilean Spanish 智利西班牙语中反讽亚型的声学相关性

Languages Pub Date : 2024-01-10 DOI: 10.3390/languages9010022

Mariska A. Bolyanatz, A. Jiménez, Isabella Silva DePue

{"title":"Acoustic Correlates of Subtypes of Irony in Chilean Spanish","authors":"Mariska A. Bolyanatz, A. Jiménez, Isabella Silva DePue","doi":"10.3390/languages9010022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/languages9010022","url":null,"abstract":"Utterances containing verbal irony display prosodic particularities that distinguish them from non-ironic speech. While some prosodic features of irony have been identified in Spanish, previous studies have not accounted for different subtypes, nor have they examined this phenomenon in Chilean Spanish despite the unique intonation patterns in this dialect. This study examined the acoustic and prosodic correlates of five subtypes of irony (jocularity, rhetorical questions, understatements, hyperbole, and sarcasm) spontaneously occurring in the casual speech of sociolinguistic interviews with fifteen Chilean women. We segmented 3907 syllable nuclei from 197 spontaneously occurring instances of irony and compared the syllables within the ironic utterances to those in the pre-ironic utterances, along seven acoustic and prosodic variables: pitch range, duration, F0, F1, F2, H1*–H2*, and HNR. The results showed that the speakers favored jocularity and did not produce sarcasm or understatements, and that jocularity, hyperbole, and rhetorical questions significantly differed from the baseline utterances along a variety of acoustic and prosodic measures. We argue that these cues contributed to marking the ironic utterances as salient, allowing these women to talk about difficult real-life events with a touch of humor. Our study provides additional evidence for the connection between prosody and pragmatics in Chilean Spanish and lays the groundwork for further examination of irony and prosody in this and other Spanish dialects.","PeriodicalId":510372,"journal":{"name":"Languages","volume":"4 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139439845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Grammatical Object Passives in Yucatec Spanish 尤卡坦西班牙语中的语法宾语被动语态

Languages Pub Date : 2024-01-10 DOI: 10.3390/languages9010024

Grant Armstrong

{"title":"Grammatical Object Passives in Yucatec Spanish","authors":"Grant Armstrong","doi":"10.3390/languages9010024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/languages9010024","url":null,"abstract":"Yucatec Spanish displays a type of sentence that appears to mix elements of an active impersonal and a passive. For example, “te castigaron por mi tío” may be interpreted as “you were punished by my uncle”, where a by-phrase headed by the preposition por introduces an agent rather than a cause or reason. The verb has active morphology—it is always third-person plural, and accusative clitics (e.g., te) and DOM-marked objects are possible. This type of sentence, which I descriptively label an active–passive (A-P) hybrid, has been mentioned in previous literature on contact varieties in Mayan-speaking regions of Mexico and Guatemala, but it has not been precisely described or analyzed formally. I argue that A-P hybrid constructions are instances of grammatical object passives. Grammatical object passives have certain active properties—accusative case is assigned to a theme argument and the morphology of the verb is active, but like passives, they require that the expression of the agent be a by-phrase rather than a grammatical subject. I claim that this is possible in this variety of Spanish due to the emergence of a null pronoun, absent in other varieties of Spanish, that can merge in the specifier of Voice and restrict, rather than saturate, an agent argument, permitting the subsequent addition of a third-person by-phrase. I demonstrate that this analysis is able to explain its hybrid properties as well as other person restrictions on the by-phrases that express the agent. Finally, I describe avenues of future research that will help discern the role that language contact may have played in the emergence of A-P hybrids.","PeriodicalId":510372,"journal":{"name":"Languages","volume":"3 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139439075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0