Frontiers in Chemical Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Predictive functional control for separation processes by liquid-liquid extraction","authors":"V. Vanel, J. Mallet, B. Dinh, S. Michaud, M. Montuir, F. Vilpini","doi":"10.3389/fceng.2023.1294784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fceng.2023.1294784","url":null,"abstract":"A separation process by liquid-liquid extraction is a well-known and widespread industrial technology implemented to quantitatively recover valuable chemical elements. In the nuclear industry, such processes have been used for decades to recover uranium and plutonium from spent fuel. The process is non-linear and time constants vary over a wide range. Former studies on a simplified model showed linear controllers such as PID were not adapted to regulate these separation processes. The objective of this study is to propose process monitoring by using available physical models within the PAREX code and to validate the feasibility to monitor a separation process by using directly the PAREX code as a black box. The Predictive Functional Control (PFC) command law manages to monitor non-linear separation processes by liquid-liquid extraction, when using an existing physical model implemented in the PAREX code. An online alignment of the model on process values is necessary to keep the model sufficiently representative to predict the future behaviour of the process. As a reference benchmark, the PID control loop is also simulated with the physical model. The PFC and PID regulations are compared to evaluate the gain of using physical models implemented in the PAREX code. A simulation tool has been developed to implement the PID and Predictive Functional Control (PFC) controllers for separation processes by liquid-liquid extraction. The PFC command law manages to monitor non-linear separation processes, when using a physical model connected to the PAREX code. Even if the PID controller may be locally more efficient, the great strength of the PFC controller is to enable good performances on wider operating conditions, with an easier parametrization. The PFC algorithm is a mean to deal with the process characteristic features, like non-linearity and time constant change. The PFC controller appears to be a good candidate for experimental tests. A mid-term objective is to include the state estimator tool in the control loop to consolidate the controlled variable measurements. These developments may be regarded as an add-on module in a digital factory concept. Results shown in this article are only from simulation. For the sake of data confidentiality, studies with the PAREX code cannot be published and numerical parameters of the process are normalized. These simulations will be validated during further experimental tests.","PeriodicalId":510140,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Chemical Engineering","volume":"897 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139835132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: 3D-engineered organoids for modelling tissue development and precision medicine","authors":"Federica Michielin, Luca Urbani, Camilla Luni, O. Gagliano","doi":"10.3389/fceng.2024.1376921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fceng.2024.1376921","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":510140,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Chemical Engineering","volume":"185 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139848651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: 3D-engineered organoids for modelling tissue development and precision medicine","authors":"Federica Michielin, Luca Urbani, Camilla Luni, O. Gagliano","doi":"10.3389/fceng.2024.1376921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fceng.2024.1376921","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":510140,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Chemical Engineering","volume":" 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139789019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A thermodynamic comparison of membrane-assisted processes for hydrogen production with integrated CO2 capture","authors":"S. Pouw, M. Bevers, F. Gallucci, M. van Sint Annaland","doi":"10.3389/fceng.2024.1294752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fceng.2024.1294752","url":null,"abstract":"The energy efficiency of two novel process designs for the production of ultra-pure hydrogen with simultaneous capture of CO2 using CH4 as the feedstock, namely membrane-assisted chemical looping reforming (MA-CLR) and membrane-assisted sorption-enhanced reforming (MA-SER) has been compared. The modelling of the integrated network for mass and heat balances has been carried out using the ASPEN® Plus V10 process simulation tool to quantify the benefits and disadvantages of integrating hydrogen perm-selective membranes with either chemical looping or sorption-enhanced reforming. The evaluation of the MA-CLR process is carried out for a range of the following operating conditions: 10 < pR < 60 bar, 500 < TR < 900°C, and 1.5 < H2O/CH4 < 3.0. On the other hand, for the MA-SER process the operation ranges of 1.0 < pR < 10 bar, 400 < TR < 900°C, and 2.5 < H2O/CH4 < 4.0 were considered. Within the operation window of the MA-SER process, no carbon formation is observed, as any carbon present in the system reacts with CaO in the form of CO2. However, in the case of the MA-CLR process, carbon formation can occur during the pre-reforming stage, particularly at low H2O/CH4 ratios. In terms of hydrogen yield, energy utilization and carbon capture, the MA-CLR outperforms the MA-SER plant. However, the MA-SER plant offers certain advantages over the MA-CLR system, such as a pure CO2 product stream and lower reactor design temperatures. In the MA-CLR system, a carbon capture rate of 99.8% and a hydrogen product yield of 74.4% are achieved, whereas the MA-SER plant achieves a carbon capture rate of 98.5% and a hydrogen product yield of 69.7%.","PeriodicalId":510140,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Chemical Engineering","volume":" 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139787844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A thermodynamic comparison of membrane-assisted processes for hydrogen production with integrated CO2 capture","authors":"S. Pouw, M. Bevers, F. Gallucci, M. van Sint Annaland","doi":"10.3389/fceng.2024.1294752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fceng.2024.1294752","url":null,"abstract":"The energy efficiency of two novel process designs for the production of ultra-pure hydrogen with simultaneous capture of CO2 using CH4 as the feedstock, namely membrane-assisted chemical looping reforming (MA-CLR) and membrane-assisted sorption-enhanced reforming (MA-SER) has been compared. The modelling of the integrated network for mass and heat balances has been carried out using the ASPEN® Plus V10 process simulation tool to quantify the benefits and disadvantages of integrating hydrogen perm-selective membranes with either chemical looping or sorption-enhanced reforming. The evaluation of the MA-CLR process is carried out for a range of the following operating conditions: 10 < pR < 60 bar, 500 < TR < 900°C, and 1.5 < H2O/CH4 < 3.0. On the other hand, for the MA-SER process the operation ranges of 1.0 < pR < 10 bar, 400 < TR < 900°C, and 2.5 < H2O/CH4 < 4.0 were considered. Within the operation window of the MA-SER process, no carbon formation is observed, as any carbon present in the system reacts with CaO in the form of CO2. However, in the case of the MA-CLR process, carbon formation can occur during the pre-reforming stage, particularly at low H2O/CH4 ratios. In terms of hydrogen yield, energy utilization and carbon capture, the MA-CLR outperforms the MA-SER plant. However, the MA-SER plant offers certain advantages over the MA-CLR system, such as a pure CO2 product stream and lower reactor design temperatures. In the MA-CLR system, a carbon capture rate of 99.8% and a hydrogen product yield of 74.4% are achieved, whereas the MA-SER plant achieves a carbon capture rate of 98.5% and a hydrogen product yield of 69.7%.","PeriodicalId":510140,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Chemical Engineering","volume":"23 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139847739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stability of potassium-promoted hydrotalcites for CO2 capture over numerous repetitive adsorption and desorption cycles","authors":"Kun Xin, J. Boon, H. A. J. van Dijk, M. van Sint Annaland","doi":"10.3389/fceng.2024.1272152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fceng.2024.1272152","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrotalcite-based adsorbents have demonstrated their potential for CO2 capture, particularly in the sorption-enhanced water-gas shift (SEWGS) process. This study aims to investigate the long-term stability of a potassium-promoted hydrotalcite-based adsorbent (KMG30) over many repetitive cycles under various operating conditions. The stability of the adsorbent, both in terms of its structure and sorption capacity, is examined through multiple consecutive adsorption and desorption cycles. However, it is observed that the capacity for CO2 adsorption decreases when subjected to many repeated cycles of CO2 adsorption followed by N2 flushing, or to many repeated cycles of H2O adsorption followed by N2 flushing. In-depth investigations employing various techniques such as thermogravimetric experiments, XRD, BET, and SEM-EDX analyses were conducted to elucidate the underlying phenomena that can explain this observed behavior. The former can be attributed to aggregation of K2CO3 from the sorbent during the CO2 adsorption and N2 flushing cycles (which can be reversed by re-dispersing the K2CO3 either by exposure to air or by processing the sorbent with cycles of CO2/H2O adsorption followed by N2 flushing), whereas the latter is ascribed to the only partial regeneration of the reactive site (referred to site C in earlier work), most likely associated with K2CO3 modification on MG30. In this case, morphological changes were found to be insignificant. Remarkable stability of KMG30, as known from SEWGS process studies, was confirmed during cycles of CO2 adsorption/steam purge. These findings significantly enhance our understanding of the stability of potassium-promoted hydrotalcite-based adsorbents and provide valuable insights for the design of diverse sorption processes.","PeriodicalId":510140,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Chemical Engineering","volume":"60 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139800077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stability of potassium-promoted hydrotalcites for CO2 capture over numerous repetitive adsorption and desorption cycles","authors":"Kun Xin, J. Boon, H. A. J. van Dijk, M. van Sint Annaland","doi":"10.3389/fceng.2024.1272152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fceng.2024.1272152","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrotalcite-based adsorbents have demonstrated their potential for CO2 capture, particularly in the sorption-enhanced water-gas shift (SEWGS) process. This study aims to investigate the long-term stability of a potassium-promoted hydrotalcite-based adsorbent (KMG30) over many repetitive cycles under various operating conditions. The stability of the adsorbent, both in terms of its structure and sorption capacity, is examined through multiple consecutive adsorption and desorption cycles. However, it is observed that the capacity for CO2 adsorption decreases when subjected to many repeated cycles of CO2 adsorption followed by N2 flushing, or to many repeated cycles of H2O adsorption followed by N2 flushing. In-depth investigations employing various techniques such as thermogravimetric experiments, XRD, BET, and SEM-EDX analyses were conducted to elucidate the underlying phenomena that can explain this observed behavior. The former can be attributed to aggregation of K2CO3 from the sorbent during the CO2 adsorption and N2 flushing cycles (which can be reversed by re-dispersing the K2CO3 either by exposure to air or by processing the sorbent with cycles of CO2/H2O adsorption followed by N2 flushing), whereas the latter is ascribed to the only partial regeneration of the reactive site (referred to site C in earlier work), most likely associated with K2CO3 modification on MG30. In this case, morphological changes were found to be insignificant. Remarkable stability of KMG30, as known from SEWGS process studies, was confirmed during cycles of CO2 adsorption/steam purge. These findings significantly enhance our understanding of the stability of potassium-promoted hydrotalcite-based adsorbents and provide valuable insights for the design of diverse sorption processes.","PeriodicalId":510140,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Chemical Engineering","volume":"64 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139859852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harnessing visible light: enhancing TiO2 photocatalysis with photosensitizers for sustainable and efficient environmental solutions","authors":"Nyiko M Chauke, R. L. Mohlala, S. Ngqoloda, M. Raphulu","doi":"10.3389/fceng.2024.1356021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fceng.2024.1356021","url":null,"abstract":"The emerging field of using titanium dioxide (TiO2)-based photosensitizers for enhancing photocatalytic removal of thiazine dyes such as methylene blue (MB) from water has long been recognized for its exceptional photocatalytic properties, making it an attractive material for environmental remediation and energy conversion. However, its wide bandgap limits its responsiveness to visible light. As such, the utilization of TiO2-based photosensitizers for the removal of thiazine dyes, presents a promising avenue for diverse applications. In addressing the dual challenges of environmental pollution and harnessing sustainable energy sources, this review focuses on the removal of thiazine dyes from water and their subsequent application as photosensitizers for TiO2 materials. Thiazine dyes, ubiquitous in industrial effluents, pose environmental concerns due to their persistence and potential toxicity. Conversely, this innovative approach involves employing TiO2 materials as photocatalysts, utilizing the unique properties of thiazine dyes to enhance light absorption. Studies have shown that beyond the conventional role of thiazine dyes as colorants, they can serve as effective photosensitizers when coupled with TiO2. This tandem not only facilitates the elimination of thiazine dyes, such as MB, from water but also augments the improvement of the photocatalytic performance of TiO2 materials. The synergy between dye sensitizers and TiO2 enhances the overall efficiency of processes like dye degradation and water splitting. Dye sensitizers, acting as light energy absorbers, can efficiently transfer this energy to TiO2, thereby promoting electron transfer and generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). These ROS, in turn, initiate chemical reactions, rendering dye sensitizers valuable in applications such as wastewater treatment, solar energy conversion, and environmental remediation. As such, it is crucial to acknowledge the potential drawbacks associated with thiazine dyes, including toxicity and non-biodegradability. Consequently, careful consideration must be given to thiazine dye application and disposal. Therefore, this review manuscript delves into the comprehensive exploration of TiO2-based photosensitizers, shedding light on their efficacy in various photocatalytic processes for thiazine dye removal.","PeriodicalId":510140,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Chemical Engineering","volume":"17 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139870998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harnessing visible light: enhancing TiO2 photocatalysis with photosensitizers for sustainable and efficient environmental solutions","authors":"Nyiko M Chauke, R. L. Mohlala, S. Ngqoloda, M. Raphulu","doi":"10.3389/fceng.2024.1356021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fceng.2024.1356021","url":null,"abstract":"The emerging field of using titanium dioxide (TiO2)-based photosensitizers for enhancing photocatalytic removal of thiazine dyes such as methylene blue (MB) from water has long been recognized for its exceptional photocatalytic properties, making it an attractive material for environmental remediation and energy conversion. However, its wide bandgap limits its responsiveness to visible light. As such, the utilization of TiO2-based photosensitizers for the removal of thiazine dyes, presents a promising avenue for diverse applications. In addressing the dual challenges of environmental pollution and harnessing sustainable energy sources, this review focuses on the removal of thiazine dyes from water and their subsequent application as photosensitizers for TiO2 materials. Thiazine dyes, ubiquitous in industrial effluents, pose environmental concerns due to their persistence and potential toxicity. Conversely, this innovative approach involves employing TiO2 materials as photocatalysts, utilizing the unique properties of thiazine dyes to enhance light absorption. Studies have shown that beyond the conventional role of thiazine dyes as colorants, they can serve as effective photosensitizers when coupled with TiO2. This tandem not only facilitates the elimination of thiazine dyes, such as MB, from water but also augments the improvement of the photocatalytic performance of TiO2 materials. The synergy between dye sensitizers and TiO2 enhances the overall efficiency of processes like dye degradation and water splitting. Dye sensitizers, acting as light energy absorbers, can efficiently transfer this energy to TiO2, thereby promoting electron transfer and generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). These ROS, in turn, initiate chemical reactions, rendering dye sensitizers valuable in applications such as wastewater treatment, solar energy conversion, and environmental remediation. As such, it is crucial to acknowledge the potential drawbacks associated with thiazine dyes, including toxicity and non-biodegradability. Consequently, careful consideration must be given to thiazine dye application and disposal. Therefore, this review manuscript delves into the comprehensive exploration of TiO2-based photosensitizers, shedding light on their efficacy in various photocatalytic processes for thiazine dye removal.","PeriodicalId":510140,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Chemical Engineering","volume":"16 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139811316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A biofuels outlook for the U.S. and Brazil and what it might mean for sustainable development goal 7","authors":"J. Whistance, Deepayan Debnath, Wyatt Thompson","doi":"10.3389/fceng.2023.1290763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fceng.2023.1290763","url":null,"abstract":"Sustainable Development goals set out at the United Nations with broad support include targets relating to food security, energy access, and the environment. Some national policies have turned to renewable fuels to achieve energy and environmental goals, with biofuel use mandates applied in countries that account for significant market shares. However, the context in which the development goals were set and these biofuel policies put in place might differ from current and future conditions. The scope for biofuel expansion might be restrained by technical limits on blending rates, slower future growth in transportation energy demand after the pandemic, and the interactions with feedstock and other agricultural commodity markets, which could take different forms given larger biofuel volumes and other changes. Considering the expected policies and broader context, this study provides a 10-year outlook for biofuel use, production, feedstock demands, and other related variables with a primary focus on the United States and Brazil. We find scope for increasing biofuel use in both countries, particularly for biomass-based diesel, in the projection period and growing displacement of petroleum product-related greenhouse gas emissions, which is consistent with sustainable development goal seven.","PeriodicalId":510140,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Chemical Engineering","volume":"10 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139683441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}