Toxicology International最新文献_第2页

Neurotoxic Effects of Imidacloprid on Pethia conchonius (Rosy Barb), a Common Freshwater Fish of India 吡虫啉对印度常见淡水鱼 Pethia conchonius (Rosy Barb) 的神经毒性作用

Toxicology International Pub Date : 2024-02-28 DOI: 10.18311/ti/2024/v31i1/35473

Debojit Dutta, Arpita Ray, Esha Bhattacharya, Bappaditya Ghosh, Min Bahadur

{"title":"Neurotoxic Effects of Imidacloprid on Pethia conchonius (Rosy Barb), a Common Freshwater Fish of India","authors":"Debojit Dutta, Arpita Ray, Esha Bhattacharya, Bappaditya Ghosh, Min Bahadur","doi":"10.18311/ti/2024/v31i1/35473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/ti/2024/v31i1/35473","url":null,"abstract":"Insecticides are essential to control arthropod pests in agriculture. However, due to their stability and extended half-lives, they contaminate freshwater aquatic systems like lakes, ponds, and rivers by surface run-offs and leaching. Neonicotinoids are a globally used agricultural pesticides that act as an agonist to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChRs) and are known to have harmful effects on non-target organisms like fish. This study aimed to determine the neurotoxic, behavioural, and histopathological effect of three sub-lethal concentrations (SLC I, SLC II, and SLC III) of Imidacloprid (IMI), a neonicotinoid, on the freshwater fish Pethia conchonius. Fish were exposed to IMI for 96 hr, during which their behaviour was recorded, and the brain tissues were collected at 24 hr intervals. Compared to the control group, the IMI-exposed fish showed changes in behaviour, such as jerky, erratic swimming, disequilibrium, and mucus secretion. A significant decrease in Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and histopathological damage were recorded in the brain tissues. The severity of damage and decline in activity was both concentration and time-dependent. The AChE inhibition was observed for SLC III after 96 hr (33.70±2.52) compared to control at 96 hr (84.63±4.25). The optic tectum showed detachment in its layers along with necrosis, and vacuolation. The results indicate that IMI is highly neurotoxic which not only inhibits AChE activity but also causes neural damage in the brain leading to a wide range of behavioural alterations.","PeriodicalId":510028,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology International","volume":"10 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140423097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hepatoprotective Activity of Flueggea virosa Against d-Galactosamine Induced Liver Damage in Rats 紫花地丁对 d-半乳糖胺诱导的大鼠肝损伤的保护作用

Toxicology International Pub Date : 2024-02-28 DOI: 10.18311/ti/2024/v31i1/35452

G. D. Reddy, R. Ganesan, J. Kowsalya, Shahana Ahamed, A. A. Ali, Sunil Kumar Podh

{"title":"Hepatoprotective Activity of Flueggea virosa Against d-Galactosamine Induced Liver Damage in Rats","authors":"G. D. Reddy, R. Ganesan, J. Kowsalya, Shahana Ahamed, A. A. Ali, Sunil Kumar Podh","doi":"10.18311/ti/2024/v31i1/35452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/ti/2024/v31i1/35452","url":null,"abstract":"Flueggea virosa belonging to the family Phyllanthaceae, commonly known as White berry bush was traditionally used for the treatment of rheumatism, sterility, and rashes, and an infusion of the root is taken to relieve malaria. The study was intended to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of hydroethanolic extract of the roots of Flueggea virosa (200, 400, and 600 mg/kg) against d-Galactosamine-induced liver damage in rats. Silymarin (100 mg/kg) was used as a reference drug. Blood samples were collected after 24 h for haematological and biochemical investigation before the rats were euthanized, and liver samples were taken for histopathology. Oral administration of the HEFV at a dose of 200 mg/kg displayed a significant hepatorenal protective effect against d-Galactosamine by lowering liver biomarkers (SGPT, SGOT, and ALP), kidney biomarker levels (urea and creatinine) and hematological parameters when compared with the disease control group. These findings were strongly supported by the histopathological results of liver sections with fewer pathological changes in comparison with the group treated by the standard drug silymarin and verified the protective effect of the plant extract. The LCMS report of the extract revealed the presence of hepatoprotective ingredients like Tocopherol, Fraxetin, Glaucine, Kaempferol, Methicillin, Capsaicin, and Austinol in the hydroethanolic extract of Flueggea virosa root. The results show that the selected dose of Flueggea virosa (200 and 400 mg/kg) showed dose-dependent hepatoprotective effects on d-Galactosamine-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. The protection of Flueggea virosa against d-Galactosamine-induced liver damage and restoration of biochemical values could result from the content of tocopherols and tetrahydroxy flavones.","PeriodicalId":510028,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology International","volume":"56 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140421459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development and Validation of Simple and Stable LCMS Method for the Quantification of Potential Genotoxic Impurities in Ozenoxacin Pure Drug and its Commercial Preparations 开发和验证用于定量奥氮那新纯药及其商业制剂中潜在基因毒性杂质的简单稳定的 LCMS 方法

Toxicology International Pub Date : 2024-02-28 DOI: 10.18311/ti/2024/v31i1/34802

P. G. P. Rao, Battula Sreenivasa Rao, N. M. Bharathi

{"title":"Development and Validation of Simple and Stable LCMS Method for the Quantification of Potential Genotoxic Impurities in Ozenoxacin Pure Drug and its Commercial Preparations","authors":"P. G. P. Rao, Battula Sreenivasa Rao, N. M. Bharathi","doi":"10.18311/ti/2024/v31i1/34802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/ti/2024/v31i1/34802","url":null,"abstract":"Ozenoxacin is an antibiotic drug prescribed to treat various skin infections caused by various bacteria. Various chemical mechanisms such as stille coupling, Buchwald–Hartwig coupling, cyclization and saponification are involved during the process of synthesis of Ozenoxacin. In the process of synthesis, there is a possibility of the formation of related impurities and among them, some are genotoxic impurities. To date, in literature, there is no method reported for analysing Potential Genotoxic Impurities (PGIs) in Ozenoxacin and hence this study was initiated to develop an LCMS method for quantification of two genotoxic impurities of Ozenoxacin viz., nitroso impurity, ester impurity. The analytes were resolved on Alltima C18 column (150×4.6mm; 5 μm particle size) using 0.01 mM ammonium acetate at pH 4.8 and methanol in 80:20 (v/v) at 0.5 mL/min flow rate and 10 μ sample injection volume. The multiple reaction monitoring of the mass fragments confirms the parent ion at m/z of 364, 393 and 496 for Ozenoxacin, Nitroso and Ester impurity respectively with characteristic product ion at m/z 196. The method has a linearity range of 0.05 μg/mL to 1.0 μg/mL for three analytes with detection limits of 0.015, 0.011 and 0.015 μg/mL for Ester impurity, Ozenoxacin and Nitroso impurity respectively. The method was validated and produces acceptable results and can successfully separate the potential genotoxic impurities in spiked commercial samples. Based on the findings, it was concluded that this method can be practically useful for the identification and quantification of potential genotoxic impurities and may apply to the safe use of Ozenoxacin in clinical treatment.","PeriodicalId":510028,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology International","volume":"116 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140423684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Disposition Kinetics and Tissue Distribution of Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) Nanoparticles Following Single Exposure in Male Wistar Rats 雄性 Wistar 大鼠单次接触二氧化钛 (TiO2) 纳米粒子后的处置动力学和组织分布

Toxicology International Pub Date : 2024-02-28 DOI: 10.18311/ti/2024/v31i1/34886

G. Shivaprasad, N. Prakash, Prashantkumar Waghe, B. Pavithra, C. R. Santhosh, R. Rajashekaraiah, Y. Muralidhar, T. N. V. K. V. Prasad, U. Sunilchandra, M. Vijaykumar, S. S. Manjunath, K. Vaibhavi

{"title":"Disposition Kinetics and Tissue Distribution of Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) Nanoparticles Following Single Exposure in Male Wistar Rats","authors":"G. Shivaprasad, N. Prakash, Prashantkumar Waghe, B. Pavithra, C. R. Santhosh, R. Rajashekaraiah, Y. Muralidhar, T. N. V. K. V. Prasad, U. Sunilchandra, M. Vijaykumar, S. S. Manjunath, K. Vaibhavi","doi":"10.18311/ti/2024/v31i1/34886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/ti/2024/v31i1/34886","url":null,"abstract":"Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles are one among the several environmental contaminants essentially due to their widespread applications in food, medicine, cosmetics, electronics, and several other applications. The current experimental study was undertaken to determine the toxicokinetic variables and tissue distribution profile of titanium (Ti) following single intraperitoneal (i.p) administration of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) in male Wistar rats. The Tmax(obs.), Cmax (obs.), the elimination half-life (t1/2k10), the area under the curve (AUC0-336), and AUC0-∞ of TiO2 following single i.p administration of TiO2 NPs in whole blood was 0.5h, 0.26 ± 0.03 μg.ml-l, 486.31 ± 39.66 h, 48.81 ± 0.54 μg/ml*h and 128.28 ± 7.17 μg/ml*h, respectively. The mean Titanium (Ti) concentration ratio for tissue(s)- to whole blood measured at 336 h as well as the Cmax(obs.) was in the order of liver > spleen > lung > kidney > testis > brain following single i.p administration. The elimination half-life (t1/2k10) was in the order of spleen > kidney > liver > lung. The toxicokinetic and tissue distribution profile TiO2 NPs thus derived would serve as baseline data to execute long-term studies with toxicoepidemiological relevant concentration so as to re-visit safety pharmacology governing TiO2 -nanoparticles exposure from various sources including pharmaceuticals.","PeriodicalId":510028,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology International","volume":"90 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140423829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Avena sativa’s Therapeutic Potential: Exploring Antiasthmatic Effects in Guinea Pig Asthma Model 燕麦的治疗潜力：在豚鼠哮喘模型中探索抗哮喘作用

Toxicology International Pub Date : 2024-02-28 DOI: 10.18311/ti/2024/v31i1/35855

Anil Kumar Yerragopu, V. L. Anusha, Shaik Aslam, A. Rajesh, Y. Sirisha, A. L. Harini, Shaik Faizan Ali

{"title":"Avena sativa’s Therapeutic Potential: Exploring Antiasthmatic Effects in Guinea Pig Asthma Model","authors":"Anil Kumar Yerragopu, V. L. Anusha, Shaik Aslam, A. Rajesh, Y. Sirisha, A. L. Harini, Shaik Faizan Ali","doi":"10.18311/ti/2024/v31i1/35855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/ti/2024/v31i1/35855","url":null,"abstract":"Avena sativa (oat) has emerged as a potential therapeutic candidate for asthma, a global health challenge characterized by chronic airway inflammation. This research investigates the anti-asthmatic potential of the Hydro-Alcoholic Extract of Avena sativa (HAEAS) in a guinea pig asthma model induced by histamine and ovalbumin. The study explores the influence of HAEAS on oxidative stress markers, leucocytes, eosinophils, and histopathological changes in lung tissues. Results reveal that HAEAS, particularly at 400 mg/kg, significantly increases the latent period and percentage protection in histamine induced bronchospasm. In ovalbumin-sensitized guinea pigs, HAEAS demonstrates a notable reduction in total leucocyte count, eosinophils, neutrophils, and macrophages in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Moreover, HAEAS exhibits antioxidative effects by increasing superoxide dismutase levels and decreasing malondialdehyde levels. Histopathological analysis demonstrates a decrease in inflammatory cell infiltration, hyperplasia, and bronchoconstriction. This study highlights the potential of Avena sativa as a novel therapeutic avenue for asthma, offering anti-inflammatory and antioxidant benefits.","PeriodicalId":510028,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology International","volume":"30 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140418656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Determination of Lethal Dose of Disodium 5’ Ribonucleotide (E635) on Embryonic Development of Gallus gallus 测定 5'核糖核苷酸二钠（E635）对家鸡胚胎发育的致命剂量

Toxicology International Pub Date : 2024-02-28 DOI: 10.18311/ti/2024/v31i1/35180

Shaiba Iqbal Sharikmaslat, Nitin Anandrao Kamble

引用次数: 0