Castanea最新文献

{"title":"Wildflowers of the Atlantic Southeast","authors":"R. Gardner","doi":"10.2179/0008-7475.86.1.143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2179/0008-7475.86.1.143","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50984,"journal":{"name":"Castanea","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47350483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do Morning Butterfly Visitors Benefit a Night-Flowering Hawkmoth Pollinated Plant?","authors":"S. Koptur, Sean R. Pena, Beyte Barrios Roque","doi":"10.2179/0008-7475.86.1.100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2179/0008-7475.86.1.100","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The white, tubular, fragrant flowers of Guettarda scabra (Rubiaceae), rough-leaved velvetseed, open in the evening and are visited by hawkmoths (Sphingidae). Flowers last for one day, and recent observations reveal that butterflies also visit these flowers. Hawkmoths hover over the flower and lower their proboscis into the corolla to collect the nectar. Butterflies land on the petals before inserting their proboscis and may transport pollen on their bodies as well as their mouthparts. We conducted an experiment to determine the importance of each of these guilds for pollination of G. scabra. We excluded day-time visitors from some inflorescences and night-time visitors from others on the same plants (with two controls: some open all the time and some bagged all the time). We maintained this regimen during the entire flowering period of the selected inflorescences over two months and compared fruit set among the treatments. The control-open inflorescences and the night-open inflorescences had substantially higher fruit set than day-open and control-bagged inflorescences. Mean fruit set of day-open plus night-open inflorescences approximated that of control-open inflorescences, and although the fruit set of day-open flowers was small, it differed from bagged controls. Fruit set in G. scabra is determined almost entirely by hawkmoths, but butterflies may be useful as secondary pollinators. As plants flower in months when afternoon and evening rains can extend into the night, morning pollinators may be important. This study provides additional evidence that diurnal pollinators can contribute to the reproduction of predominantly nocturnal pollinated plants.","PeriodicalId":50984,"journal":{"name":"Castanea","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43048367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Myxomycetes Recorded from the Vicinity of the Mountain Lake Biological Station","authors":"S. Stephenson","doi":"10.2179/0008-7475.86.1.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2179/0008-7475.86.1.28","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Myxomycetes (plasmodial slime molds or myxogastrids) have been collected in the Mountain Lake area of southwestern Virginia since 1890, and several recognized authorities on this group of organisms along with numerous other individuals have visited or worked at the University of Virginia Mountain Lake Biological Station. The collective efforts of all these individuals have generated a considerable body of information on myxomycetes. The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive annotated checklist of all species of myxomycetes reported from the Mountain Lake area. This checklist contains 166 species in 39 genera. This total is approximately 36% of the total number of species of myxomycetes known from all the eastern United States and is likely to be higher than the total recorded for any area of comparable size in the entire country and perhaps the entire world.","PeriodicalId":50984,"journal":{"name":"Castanea","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48113122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Noteworthy Collections: New County Records for Solanum pseudocapsicum (Solanaceae) in Alabama","authors":"Cory O. Harper, Alvin R. Diamond","doi":"10.2179/0008-7475.86.1.112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2179/0008-7475.86.1.112","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Three recent collections of Solanum pseudocapsicum represent the first documentation of this species from Alabama in 27 years, and apparently represent the only extant populations. The habitat of these collections appears to be different from that previously documented in Alabama, although it is not unusual range-wide. Solanum pseudocapsicum was last collected from Alabama in 1993 from Houston County, but searches of that location failed to relocate it. Previously it had been collected from Tallapoosa County (1877), Morgan County (1891), Lee County (1896), and Coosa County (1900), all in upland or ruderal habitats. In 2020 a small population of four plants was discovered on a floodplain near the confluence of the Coosa and Tallapoosa Rivers and a second larger population of approximately 28 plants was located 10 km to the SW on the floodplain of the Alabama River, both in Elmore County. A third population of several dozen plants was discovered on the floodplain of the Tallapoosa River in Montgomery County.","PeriodicalId":50984,"journal":{"name":"Castanea","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47479773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Responses of Florida Scrub Vegetation to Water Additions from a Groundwater Treatment Project and to Hurricane Disturbance","authors":"P. Schmalzer, T. Foster","doi":"10.2179/0008-7475.86.1.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2179/0008-7475.86.1.37","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Florida scrub is a fire-maintained shrub vegetation of well-drained, sandy soils; dominant species include several species of Quercus and Serenoa repens. In a remediation project, treated groundwater was distributed through an exfiltration gallery into intact scrub. We established eight permanent line-intercept transects (15 m length) in the site in April 2002, four close to the exfiltration gallery and four more distant from it. We sampled vegetation, <0.5 m and ≥0.5 m, along each transect and measured vegetation height at four points (0, 5, 10, 15 m) annually through 2019. The initial phase of the project operated from October 2002 to early March 2004 (494 days) and distributed 1.74 × 108 L of water. The final phase of the project occurred from March 2005 through August 2008 (1,251 days) and distributed 1.90 × 108 L of water. Pumping raised the water table near the exfiltration gallery. Vegetation height did not differ between the near and far transects initially. Vegetation height increased in the near transects by 2004 with the greatest percent change in 2003 and 2004 as did total cover ≥0.5 m. Total cover <0.5 m and bare ground were similar initially in the near and far transects and declined in the near transects by 2004. Scrub species, particularly the dominant scrub oaks, increased height and cover in response to water additions with no loss of dominant scrub species and no establishment of mesophytes. Hurricane Frances (September 2004) reduced cover ≥0.5 m the following year. Hurricane Matthew (October 2016) and Hurricane Irma (September 2017) caused greater damage including breaking limbs as reflected in reduced height and total cover ≥0.5 m probably because the older, taller scrub was more vulnerable to wind damage.","PeriodicalId":50984,"journal":{"name":"Castanea","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45012312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term Demography Study of Trillium pusillum var. pusillum Following Hurricane Hugo in 1989","authors":"Danny J. Gustafson, Richard Porcher, Joel M. Gramling, Samuel Eckert, Brian F. Owens","doi":"10.2179/0008-7475.86.1.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2179/0008-7475.86.1.53","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Hurricane Hugo was a category five storm in September of 1989 that significantly impacted natural areas along the Carolina coastal plain through wind damage and storm surge flooding. Francis Beidler Forest, an Audubon wildlife sanctuary in Four Holes Swamp, suffered severe damage to its forest canopy. In response to concerns that the rare spring ephemeral Trillium pusillum var. pusillum may be negatively impacted by the loss of the mixed hardwood canopy, we established permanent plots in the spring of 1990 with single leaf, triple leaf, and flowering individuals recorded by Ecology faculty and students at The Citadel. Disruption to the forest canopy would significantly alter forest floor microhabitat conditions negatively affecting T. pusillum var. pusillum population demography. There was no expected negative effect of Hurricane Hugo, and the loss of canopy cover on the population. Evidence suggests that the decrease in canopy cover and increased light was associated with increased flowering. The coefficient of variation, as a measure of cohort variability among years, increased from flowering, to triple leaf, to single leaf across the 29 years of population monitoring. There was a significant positive association between the number of named storms in the previous two and three years and the number of single leaf plants. There was no evidence that the population is decreasing, even though the number of flowering individuals has decreased. The results of this long-term demography suggest that even severe natural disturbances, like hurricanes and tropical storms, may have a positive effect on Trillium population dynamics.","PeriodicalId":50984,"journal":{"name":"Castanea","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43454585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ozark Forest Forensics","authors":"R. Muzika","doi":"10.2179/0008-7475.86.1.144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2179/0008-7475.86.1.144","url":null,"abstract":"Frederick Paillet and Steven Stephenson are sharing a story with readers. This story is rich with the knowledge, facts and understanding these two scientists have acquired about the Ozark Forest. Ozark Forest Forensics endeavors to describe a forest that to many is unfamiliar. Straddling the western edge of the eastern deciduous forest and the Great plains, the Ozarks are biogeographically, floristically, and climatologically distinct from the adjacent ecological regions. The authors attempt a comprehensive examination of a complex forest that does not characterize easily. Their tone is accessible, almost folksy, as the writers seem to address the reader directly; rather than a book about the Ozark forest, it is a book for those interested in the Ozarks. As they explain early in the book, the information, descriptions, and ideas are directed toward the Ozark sojourner, the hiker casually enjoying the forest. The aim to inform this hiker is admirable and important. In this regard, it serves as sort of reference in that we can imagine a hiker returning home after a long hike in the rugged Ozarks and wanting to know more about the curious plants, trees, geological formation that the hiker observed. While the deliverable is accessible, some of the many examples do require a bit of exploration for the reader. The book, therefore is not simply a field guide, but a field guide that requires some mental processes of the reader. The addition of a glossary does present the “feel” of a reference book! Although the Ozark physiographic region extends into Missouri, parts of Oklahoma, and even a bit into southern Illinois and eastern Kansas, this book is written from a decidedly Arkansas perspective. Given the authors’ familiarity with Arkansas, that is understandable, but there are distinctions in Missouri Ozarks that the reader would not be aware of. More contrast within that region and some examples of the Ozarks outside of Arkansas could help orient the reader more generally. With an Arkansas Ozarks emphasis, this book might disappoint those looking for more insight into Missouri Ozarks, but the authors cover broadly the important elements of the Ozark forest and therefore include many examples and unique areas that do apply to other forests, e.g. Missouri Ozarks. Other substantial ways that this book differs from a more standard field guide or forest history include the discussion of often neglected geological parent material. Geology and soil structure are often neglected when discussing forests and are critical to understanding Ozark communities. However, the intricate details of different geologic formations and the accompanying change in plant species composition could have been developed in more detail, because even slight variation in slope position, topography, and aspect result in dramatic changes in plant communities. The Ozarks include soils that are limestone residuum, sandstone residuum, and exposed igneous material—a wide range that influence","PeriodicalId":50984,"journal":{"name":"Castanea","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47458841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scientific Note: Dictyostelid Cellular Slime Molds Associated with Limestone and Dolomite Glades in Northwest Arkansas","authors":"Eathan Gentry, B. Booth, J. C. Landolt, S. Stephenson","doi":"10.2179/0008-7475.86.1.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2179/0008-7475.86.1.22","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Samples for isolation of dictyostelid cellular slime molds (dictyostelids) were collected from two types of glades (limestone and dolomite) in northwest Arkansas. Glades are non-forest habitats which typically have shallow and usually rather xeric soils. As such, they would not appear to be particularly suitable for dictyostelids. In the present study, only seven species were recovered, and just three of these were recorded from both limestone and dolomite glades. Total densities (clones/gram) were rather low for both types of glades, with 25 clones/gram in dolomite glades and 23 clones/gram in limestone glades.","PeriodicalId":50984,"journal":{"name":"Castanea","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47178857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Floral Checklist for Wheaton Regional Park, Montgomery County, Maryland","authors":"Daniel Koenemann, Amber Durand, Janelle M. Burke","doi":"10.2179/0008-7475.86.1.61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2179/0008-7475.86.1.61","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Wheaton Regional Park is a suburban 500-acre park in Montgomery County, Maryland, on the northern edge of the Washington, D.C., metropolitan area. Early floristic surveys of the park, conducted between 1961–1964 when the park was founded, showed the park to be diverse, with 443 taxa of vascular plants. Our research team conducted a second round of floristic surveys between 2014–2019 to update the checklist of plants in the park. Here, we present a comprehensive checklist of all species collected in the park over the past 50 years, discuss recent plant introductions, and share a platform for a digital flora of the park through the Mid-Atlantic Megalopolis online portal. We documented 393 vascular plant species from the 1960s, as part of a comprehensive review of those collections. The 2010s collections recorded 293 vascular plant species, and an additional 16 species of bryophytes. In total, 554 species of plants (vascular and non-vascular) in 326 genera and 118 families have been recorded in Wheaton Regional Park over the past 50 years. We found that the surveys in the 2010s identified a substantial number of vascular plant species that were not recorded in the 1960s surveys. Additionally, we were able to recover less than half of the vascular plants recorded in the 1960s. The proportion of non-native vascular plant species increased from 22.1% in the 1960s to 34.5% in the 2010s. We offer recommendations for preserving the extant diversity of native plants in the park.","PeriodicalId":50984,"journal":{"name":"Castanea","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42933556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vascular Flora and Biogeographic Affinity of the Sevier Shale Knobs of Northeastern Tennessee","authors":"F. Levy","doi":"10.2179/0008-7475.86.1.125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2179/0008-7475.86.1.125","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In the Ridge and Valley physiographic province, knobs stand out as anomalous landforms embedded within a region of long, parallel ridges and valleys. In northeastern Tennessee, knobs are associated with the Sevier shale. Well-drained, acidic, channery loam Montevallo soils cover uplands of these knobs. A flora of the Sevier shale knobs of northeastern Tennessee identified 265 taxa in 57 plant families of which 13.6% were exotic and three were state listed (Berberis canadensis, Ruellia purshiana, Silene caroliniana var. pensylvanica). Many taxa had rarely or never been collected in northeastern Tennessee. The flora of the Sevier shale knobs was most similar to dolomite and limestone barrens of southwestern Virginia but among the species rarely collected in northeastern Tennessee, the greatest number was shared with floras of the Sequatchie Valley, middle Tennessee cedar glades, and barrens of the Tennessee eastern Highland Rim.","PeriodicalId":50984,"journal":{"name":"Castanea","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47073761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}