tm - Technisches Messen最新文献

{"title":"Research on precision linear displacement measurement method based on closed loop phase-shift control of single alternating light field","authors":"Min Fu, Baokang Xiang, Kuo Luo, Shuang Qiu, Xiangyun Zhang","doi":"10.1515/teme-2024-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/teme-2024-0005","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A high-precision linear displacement measurement method based on the digital phase shift of a single light source is proposed. In this method, the light intensity of a four-channel sinusoidal transmission surface with a 90° difference in the spatial phase is modulated by a single channel alternating light, and four-channel alternating light intensity signal with the same time phase can be obtained. Two channels of standing wave signals with a time difference of 90° are obtained through micro-control digital phase shift processing. After differential amplification, an electric travelling wave signal containing position information of measurement object is synthesized by these two standing wave signals. By measuring the phase difference between the travelling wave and the reference signal, the high precision linear displacement can be measured. The principle of displacement measurement based on the modulation of a single-alternating light field and the principle of digital phase-shift of micro-control are introduced in detail. The feasibility of the method is verified through experiments. Finally, the sensor is optimized by analyzing the causes of error, and the measurement accuracy of ±0.2 μm is achieved within the 100 mm range with a 0.6 mm grating period.","PeriodicalId":509687,"journal":{"name":"tm - Technisches Messen","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140668513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prozessmesstechnik und Präzisionsmesstechnik","authors":"Thomas Fröhlich, Thomas Kissinger, E. Manske","doi":"10.1515/teme-2024-0041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/teme-2024-0041","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":509687,"journal":{"name":"tm - Technisches Messen","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140682798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of full fiber coupled interferometer systems under vacuum conditions","authors":"Martin Meier, C. Weichert, Jan Kawohl, Jens Flügge, Eberhard Manske","doi":"10.1515/teme-2024-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/teme-2024-0011","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The PTB built a comparator setup for testing length measuring systems under vacuum conditions. The setup is equipped with a linear stage which is operated in a closed loop using the feedback of a 1.5D encoder system with three encoder heads for length and vertical rotation angle and exhibits a movement range of 150 mm. The main measurement system is a heterodyne interferometer with periodic nonlinearities with amplitudes below 10 pm. The comparator setup was characterized using a mirror mounted on the stage reflecting the measurement as well as the reference beams. By these means, the resolution, the stability of the setup as well as the influence of guiding errors on position-dependent measurement deviations of the fully fiber coupled interferometer were investigated. A position-depending error was observed which was resulting from the variation of the performance of the coupling into the multi-mode fibers used to transfer the superposed beams to the photoreceivers. The measured deviations were 1.5 nm or 0.2 nm over 70 mm travel range depending on the core diameter of the multi-mode fibers of 50 µm and 200 µm, respectively. Three different commercial fiber interferometer systems were analysed under vacuum conditions with the comparator setup. All tested systems are working with light sources with a wavelength of approximately 1535 nm but differ in the amplitude of their periodic nonlinearities in the range between 10 pm and 29 nm. The tests of their resolution and stability were limited by vibrations in the comparator setup and the lack of adequate synchronization capabilities of the data acquisition of these systems.","PeriodicalId":509687,"journal":{"name":"tm - Technisches Messen","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140692170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimentelle Untersuchung und numerische Analyse konvektiver Wärme- und Stofftransportprozesse in Salzschmelzen unter Wirkung von Magnetfeldern und Wärmestrahlung","authors":"Panxin Li, Jasmin Calmbach, Clemens Naumann, C. Resagk, C. Cierpka, C. Karcher","doi":"10.1515/teme-2024-0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/teme-2024-0018","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In dieser Arbeit werden mit numerischen und experimentellen Methoden thermisch getriebene Konvektionsprozesse in Flüssigsalzen analysiert. Die Besonderheiten der Untersuchungen liegen darin, dass die in der Salzschmelze auftretenden Wärme- und Stofftransportprozesse zum einen aufgrund der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit des Arbeitsmediums von den Wechselwirkungen mit Magnetfeldern sowie zum anderen aufgrund der Semi-Transparenz des Mediums und der vorliegenden hohen Arbeitstemperaturen von thermischen Strahlungsvorgängen beeinflusst werden. Die genaue Kenntnis der Geschwindigkeits- und Temperaturfelder bei Vorliegen dieser zusätzlichen Effekte ist beispielweise von Wichtigkeit für den sicheren und effizienten Betrieb von thermischen Energiespeichern und Flüssigmetall-Batterien, in denen Salzschmelzen als gängige Arbeitsstoffe eingesetzt werden. Bei der numerischen Analyse wird eine zweidimensionale Rayleigh-Bénard-Anordnung betrachtet, bei welcher der thermische Antrieb der Konvektion in der Salzschmelze durch Heizung von unten und Kühlung von oben erfolgt. Der Magnetfeldeinfluss wird in der quasi-statischen Näherung und der Strahlungseinfluss mittels der Rosseland-Approximation für optisch dicke Medien in Grenzschicht-Näherung modelliert. Die mittels eines Spektrale-Elemente-Verfahrens erzielten Simulationsergebnisse zeigen, dass es unter der Wirkung der zusätzlichen Effekte tendenziell zu einer deutlichen Verringerung des konvektiven Wärmetransport kommt. Dies ist die Folge der strömungsdämpfenden Wirkung der unter Magnetfeldeinfluss induzierten Lorentz-Kräfte und der zusätzlichen thermischen Diffusion durch den Strahlungseinfluss. Im experimentellen Teil der Arbeit wird berichtet, wie ein entsprechender Versuchsstand aufgebaut und instrumentiert wird, um die von der numerischen Analyse vorhergesagten Wirkungen in Modellexperimenten zu verifizieren. Des Weiteren werden Ergebnisse von ersten Testmessungen in Salzschmelzen vorgestellt, durch die erstmalig der Nachweis geführt wird, dass die optischen Verfahren der Particle-Image-Velocimetry und der Laser-Doppler-Anemometrie auch zur räumlich und zeitlich hochaufgelösten Geschwindigkeitsmessung in Salzschmelzen angewandt werden können.","PeriodicalId":509687,"journal":{"name":"tm - Technisches Messen","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140698672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imaging the mechanical properties of nanowire arrays","authors":"Tianran Ma, M. Fahrbach, Jiushuai Xu, Frank Eric Boye Anang, Maximilian Vergin, Florian Meierhofer, Uwe Brand, Andreas Waag, Erwin Peiner","doi":"10.1515/teme-2023-0159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/teme-2023-0159","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Dimensional and contact resonance (CR) images of nanowire (NW) arrays (NWAs) are measured using our newly developed microprobe CR imaging (CRI) setup. Then a reference method is employed to calculate the indentation modulus of NWs (M\u0000 \u0000 i,NW\u0000 ) representing the elasticity of NWs, by measuring NWAs and reference samples at the same static probing force. Furthermore, topography is imaged in combination with CR and M\u0000 \u0000 i,NW\u0000 separately by software, in which the z values indicate the topography of the NWs and the color bars show its CR or M\u0000 \u0000 i,NW\u0000 . Then NWs’ topography relation to M\u0000 \u0000 i,NW\u0000 is visualized. As typical examples, 3D imaging of topography and measurement of M\u0000 \u0000 i,NW\u0000 is performed with Si<111> pillar arrays as well as Cu and ZnO NWAs. The novel method enables fast mechanical performance measurements of large-scale vertically-aligned NWAs without releasing them from their respective substrates. For instance, the diameter and pitch of the Si<111> pillars and the diameter of the Cu NWAs are in good agreement with the values measured by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The position of ZnO NWs bunches grown at arbitrary sites on silicon can be identified with the help of combined topography and indentation modulus images. Furthermore, M\u0000 \u0000 i,NW\u0000 measured by our homemade CRI setup agrees well with bulk values. Differences between the measured M\u0000 \u0000 i,NW\u0000 and bulk M\u0000 \u0000 i\u0000 values may be related to a size effect in NW elasticity.","PeriodicalId":509687,"journal":{"name":"tm - Technisches Messen","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140698212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of electrical resistance tomography measurements for fast force localization","authors":"Sabrina Affortunati, B. Zagar","doi":"10.1515/teme-2024-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/teme-2024-0010","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Safe human-robot collaboration requires the robot to monitor the location and intensity of a potential contact force. This is necessary to avoid a possible risk of injury to humans. The goal of this work is to develop a distributed sensor system that enables spatially resolved force measurement. By covering the entire robot’s surface with an elastic coating with a sufficiently pressure-dependent conductivity, electrical resistance tomography can be used for this purpose. The measurement of the transimpedance makes it possible to localize a force applied between the electrodes and thus increase the spatial resolution of the measuring system. By analyzing the obtained measurements, a fast method, compared to classical electrical resistance tomography, for force localization is proposed. This method is compared to the classical method of electrical resistance tomography. A reduction in the processing time to less than one tenth has been attained with the presented method for the case of force localization only.","PeriodicalId":509687,"journal":{"name":"tm - Technisches Messen","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140703589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of a capacitance tomography system for object detection and localization","authors":"Sabrina Affortunati, B. Zagar","doi":"10.1515/teme-2024-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/teme-2024-0013","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 To ensure safe human-robot cooperation, it is necessary not only to measure the force exerted during contact, but also to monitor an approaching action. This would allow avoiding any unintentional contact through evasive maneuvers and thus prevent possible injuries. In our contribution we analyze a localization system based on capacitance tomography where an approaching object constitutes an electrode of a multi-electrode capacitance. The system processes measured voltages made on the surface of a conductive layer. From this, the location of the capacitive coupling between the object and the layer can be reconstructed, and the position of the object can be estimated. The system’s performance is further analyzed using the Neyman–Pearson detector. To define the performance of the system, for object detection only, the influence of object distance, object area, and number of measurements used on the probability of detection is examined.","PeriodicalId":509687,"journal":{"name":"tm - Technisches Messen","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140357493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concept studies and application development of textile integrated dielectric elastomer sensors for smart shoe technologies","authors":"Andreas Meyer, Martin Wagner, S. Gratz-Kelly, S. Nalbach, Paul Motzki","doi":"10.1515/teme-2024-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/teme-2024-0019","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The combination of flexibility and high integrability as well as their precise sensing capability enable dielectric elastomer sensors to be integrated into a variety of applications. Because of these integration opportunities especially in the field of smart textiles these sensor systems can make a difference. Sensor inlays for shoes based on resistive and capacitive sensors enable a partial monitoring of the loads and load distributions on our feet while the interaction with the shoe shaft remains unknown. The novel sensor integration into the shaft combined with a wireless real-time measurement is being studied in this work. This new sensor system within the shoe creates the basis for the data acquisition to finally support diabetic patients who suffer under the diabetic foot syndrome, to support athletes analyzing walking patterns as well as bringing safety shoes to a digital age. This contribution displays sensor concepts as well as the corresponding electronics development. The first smart shoe concentrates on the integration of six shaft sensors distributed over the shoe and their measurement in real-time. The shoe is designed and manufactured in collaboration with the Prüf- und Forschungsinstitut Pirmasens. The evaluation of the sensor signals allows the analysis of different load scenarios.","PeriodicalId":509687,"journal":{"name":"tm - Technisches Messen","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140219246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on influencing factors and regularity analysis of eddy current method applied to detection of reinforcement corrosion","authors":"Xumei Lin, Shijie Yu, Peng Wang, Shiyuan Wang","doi":"10.1515/teme-2023-0162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/teme-2023-0162","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Rebar corrosion is one of the main reasons for the deterioration of concrete structures. In order to ensure the safe operation of reinforced concrete structures, it is necessary to detect the corrosion rate of rebars in time. This article adopts the eddy current method based on electromagnetic induction to detect steel corrosion, studies the mechanism of alternating current (AC) impedance change induced by steel corrosion in coils, and establishes a mathematical model between steel corrosion and coil AC impedance. Meanwhile, the quantitative relationship between excitation signal frequency, concrete thickness, coil parameters, and coil impedance is studied. Through experiments, it was found that in the early stages of steel corrosion, there is a linear relationship between the scanning peak value of the coil impedance and the mass loss rate of the steel bars, and the slope of the fitting curve decays exponentially with the increase of the concrete thickness. The method used in this paper has an absolute error of less than 0.01 and a relative error of less than 8 % in detecting the mass loss rate of rebars at the initial stage of steel corrosion. When the concrete thickness is less than 20 mm, the relative error is lower than 4 %.","PeriodicalId":509687,"journal":{"name":"tm - Technisches Messen","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140245327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis and development of a sensor concept for multistable actuators with passive magnetic shape memory alloy","authors":"Patrick Fleischmann, Julius Happel, Bernd Gundelsweiler","doi":"10.1515/teme-2023-0158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/teme-2023-0158","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Based on the current state of research, the aim of this paper is to develop a position sensor for actuators using passive magnetic shape memory alloys. The presented sensor concept converts the strain dependent permeability of the magnetic shape memory alloy into an inductance change by using a sensor coil arrangement. The change in inductance of the sensor coil is converted into a change in the resonant frequency of a parallel oscillating circuit. A microcontroller detects the resonant frequency of the circuit and converts it into a position sensor signal. To evaluate the functionality of the sensor, a test rig is developed that deforms the magnetic shape memory element under realistic application conditions. Experimental measurements in a climate chamber are used to evaluate the performance and characteristics of the sensor. The characteristic, temperature drift and hysteresis behavior are analyzed. It is proven that the presented sensor concept can be used to determine the position of passive magnetic shape memory alloy actuators.","PeriodicalId":509687,"journal":{"name":"tm - Technisches Messen","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140394755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}