Future Internet最新文献

Watch the Skies: A Study on Drone Attack Vectors, Forensic Approaches, and Persisting Security Challenges 警惕天空：关于无人机攻击载体、取证方法和持续安全挑战的研究

Future Internet Pub Date : 2024-07-13 DOI: 10.3390/fi16070250

Amr Adel, Tony Jan

{"title":"Watch the Skies: A Study on Drone Attack Vectors, Forensic Approaches, and Persisting Security Challenges","authors":"Amr Adel, Tony Jan","doi":"10.3390/fi16070250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi16070250","url":null,"abstract":"In the rapidly evolving landscape of drone technology, securing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) presents critical challenges and demands unique solutions. This paper offers a thorough examination of the security requirements, threat models, and solutions pertinent to UAVs, emphasizing the importance of cybersecurity and drone forensics. This research addresses the unique requirements of UAV security, outlines various threat models, and explores diverse solutions to ensure data integrity. Drone forensics, a field dedicated to the investigation of security incidents involving UAVs, has been extensively examined and demonstrates its relevance in identifying attack origins or establishing accident causes. This paper further surveys artifacts, tools, and benchmark datasets that are critical in the domain of drone forensics, providing a comprehensive view of current capabilities. Acknowledging the ongoing challenges in UAV security, particularly given the pace of technological advancement and complex operational environments, this study underscores the need for increased collaboration, updated security protocols, and comprehensive regulatory frameworks. Ultimately, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of UAV cybersecurity and aids in fostering future research into the secure and reliable operation of drones.","PeriodicalId":509567,"journal":{"name":"Future Internet","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141651070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Achieving Accountability and Data Integrity in Message Queuing Telemetry Transport Using Blockchain and Interplanetary File System 利用区块链和星际文件系统实现消息队列遥测传输中的问责制和数据完整性

Future Internet Pub Date : 2024-07-13 DOI: 10.3390/fi16070246

Sara Lazzaro, Francesco Buccafurri

{"title":"Achieving Accountability and Data Integrity in Message Queuing Telemetry Transport Using Blockchain and Interplanetary File System","authors":"Sara Lazzaro, Francesco Buccafurri","doi":"10.3390/fi16070246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi16070246","url":null,"abstract":"Ensuring accountability and integrity in MQTT communications is important for enabling several IoT applications. This paper presents a novel approach that combines blockchain technology and the interplanetary file system (IPFS) to achieve non-repudiation and data integrity in the MQTT protocol. Our solution operates in discrete temporal rounds, during which the broker constructs a Merkle hash tree (MHT) from the messages received. Then the broker publishes the root on the blockchain and the MHT itself on IPFS. This mechanism guarantees that both publishers and subscribers can verify the integrity of the message exchanged. Furthermore, the interactions with the blockchain made by the publishers and the broker ensure they cannot deny having sent the exchanged messages. We provide a detailed security analysis, showing that under standard assumptions, the proposed solution achieves both data integrity and accountability. Additionally, we provided an experimental campaign to study the scalability and the throughput of the system. Our results show that our solution scales well with the number of clients. Furthermore, from our results, it emerges that the throughput reduction depends on the integrity check operations. However, since the frequency of these checks can be freely chosen, we can set it so that the throughput reduction is negligible. Finally, we provided a detailed analysis of the costs of our solution showing that, overall, the execution costs are relatively low, especially given the critical security and accountability benefits it guarantees. Furthermore, our analysis shows that the higher the number of subscribers in the system, the lower the costs per client in our solution. Again, this confirms that our solution does not present any scalability issues.","PeriodicalId":509567,"journal":{"name":"Future Internet","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141651009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multi-Agent Dynamic Fog Service Placement Approach 多代理动态雾服务安置方法

Future Internet Pub Date : 2024-07-13 DOI: 10.3390/fi16070248

Nerijus Satkauskas, Algimantas Venčkauskas

引用次数: 0

Emotion Recognition from Videos Using Multimodal Large Language Models 利用多模态大语言模型从视频中识别情绪

Future Internet Pub Date : 2024-07-13 DOI: 10.3390/fi16070247

Lorenzo Vaiani, Luca Cagliero, Paolo Garza

引用次数: 0

The Use of Virtual Reality in the Countries of the Central American Bank for Economic Integration (CABEI) 虚拟现实技术在中美洲经济一体化银行（CABEI）成员国中的应用

Future Internet Pub Date : 2024-07-13 DOI: 10.3390/fi16070249

Álvaro Antón-Sancho, Pablo Fernández‐Arias, E. A. Ariza, Diego Vergara

{"title":"The Use of Virtual Reality in the Countries of the Central American Bank for Economic Integration (CABEI)","authors":"Álvaro Antón-Sancho, Pablo Fernández‐Arias, E. A. Ariza, Diego Vergara","doi":"10.3390/fi16070249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi16070249","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, virtual reality (VR) technologies have become one of the teaching tools with the greatest training potential in higher education. Thus, the study of factors that influence the adoption and valuation of VR by the educational agents involved is a fruitful line of research, because it can provide keys to promote its incorporation. This article compares the assessments of VR as a teaching technology in higher education given by professors from countries that are members of the Central American Bank for Economic Integration (CABEI) with those of professors from countries in the Latin American region that are not members of CABEI. For this purpose, a validated questionnaire on the perception of VR use was administered to a sample of 1246 professors from the entire Latin American region, and their responses were statistically analyzed. As a result, it was found that professors from CABEI countries give better ratings to the usability dimensions of VR and report a lower number of disadvantages in its use than professors from countries outside CABEI. However, the increase in the digital competence of professors in CABEI countries is more than twice as high as the increase in the valuation of VR. It follows that there is still much room for the integration of VR in higher education in CABEI countries. Furthermore, in CABEI countries there is a more pronounced gap between professors from private and public universities with respect to the above-mentioned ratings than in non-CABEI countries. As a consequence, some implications and suggestions derived from the results are reported.","PeriodicalId":509567,"journal":{"name":"Future Internet","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141651521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimizing Drone Energy Use for Emergency Communications in Disasters via Deep Reinforcement Learning 通过深度强化学习优化无人机在灾难中的应急通信能源使用

Future Internet Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.3390/fi16070245

Wen Qiu, Xun Shao, Hiroshi Masui, William Liu

{"title":"Optimizing Drone Energy Use for Emergency Communications in Disasters via Deep Reinforcement Learning","authors":"Wen Qiu, Xun Shao, Hiroshi Masui, William Liu","doi":"10.3390/fi16070245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi16070245","url":null,"abstract":"For a communication control system in a disaster area where drones (also called unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)) are used as aerial base stations (ABSs), the reliability of communication is a key challenge for drones to provide emergency communication services. However, the effective configuration of UAVs remains a major challenge due to limitations in their communication range and energy capacity. In addition, the relatively high cost of drones and the issue of mutual communication interference make it impractical to deploy an unlimited number of drones in a given area. To maximize the communication services provided by a limited number of drones to the ground user equipment (UE) within a certain time frame while minimizing the drone energy consumption, we propose a multi-agent proximal policy optimization (MAPPO) algorithm. Considering the dynamic nature of the environment, we analyze diverse observation data structures and design novel objective functions to enhance the drone performance. We find that, when drone energy consumption is used as a penalty term in the objective function, the drones—acting as agents—can identify the optimal trajectory that maximizes the UE coverage while minimizing the energy consumption. At the same time, the experimental results reveal that, without considering the machine computing power required for training and convergence time, the proposed key algorithm demonstrates better performance in communication coverage and energy saving as compared with other methods. The average coverage performance is 10–45% higher than that of the other three methods, and it can save up to 3% more energy.","PeriodicalId":509567,"journal":{"name":"Future Internet","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141657108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Blockchain Financial Statements: Innovating Financial Reporting, Accounting, and Liquidity Management 区块链财务报表：创新财务报告、会计和流动性管理

Future Internet Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI: 10.3390/fi16070244

N. Dashkevich, Steve Counsell, Giuseppe Destefanis

{"title":"Blockchain Financial Statements: Innovating Financial Reporting, Accounting, and Liquidity Management","authors":"N. Dashkevich, Steve Counsell, Giuseppe Destefanis","doi":"10.3390/fi16070244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi16070244","url":null,"abstract":"The complexity and interconnection within the financial ecosystem demand innovative solutions to improve transparency, security, and efficiency in financial reporting and liquidity management, while also reducing accounting fraud. This paper presents Blockchain Financial Statements (BFS), an innovative accounting system designed to address accounting fraud, reduce data manipulation, and misrepresentation of company financial claims, by enhancing availability of the real-time and tamper-proof accounting data, underpinned by a verifiable approach to financial transactions and reporting. The primary goal of this research is to design, develop, and validate a blockchain-based accounting prototype—the BFS system—that can automate transformation of transactional data, generated by traditional business activity into comprehensive financial statements. Incorporating a Design Science Research Methodology with Domain-Driven Design, this study constructs a BFS artefact that harmonises accounting standards with blockchain technology and business orchestration. The resulting Java implementation of the BFS system demonstrates successful integration of blockchain technology into accounting practices, showing potential in real-time validation of transactions, immutable record-keeping, and enhancement of transparency and efficiency of financial reporting. The BFS framework and implementation signify an advancement in the application of blockchain technology in accounting. It offers a functional solution that enhances transparency, accuracy, and efficiency of financial transactions between banks and businesses. This research underlines the necessity for further exploration into blockchain’s potential within accounting systems, suggesting a promising direction for future innovations in tamper-evident financial reporting and liquidity management.","PeriodicalId":509567,"journal":{"name":"Future Internet","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141663115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Towards an Optimized Blockchain-Based Secure Medical Prescription-Management System 开发基于区块链的优化安全医疗处方管理系统

Future Internet Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI: 10.3390/fi16070243

Imen Ahmed, Mariem Turki, Mouna Baklouti, Bouthaina Dammak, Amnah Alshahrani

{"title":"Towards an Optimized Blockchain-Based Secure Medical Prescription-Management System","authors":"Imen Ahmed, Mariem Turki, Mouna Baklouti, Bouthaina Dammak, Amnah Alshahrani","doi":"10.3390/fi16070243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi16070243","url":null,"abstract":"This work introduces a blockchain-based secure medical prescription-management system seamlessly integrated with a dynamic Internet of Things (IoT) framework. Notably, this integration constitutes a pivotal challenge in the arena of resource-constrained IoT devices: energy consumption. The choice of a suitable blockchain consensus mechanism emerges as the linchpin in surmounting this hurdle. Thus, this paper conducts a comprehensive comparison of energy consumption between two distinct consensus mechanisms: Proof of Work (PoW) and Quorum-based Byzantine fault tolerance (QBFT). Furthermore, an assessment of the most energy-efficient algorithm is performed across multiple networks and various parameters. This approach ensures the acquisition of reliable and statistically significant data, enabling meaningful conclusions to be drawn about the system’s performance in real-world scenarios. The experimental results show that, compared to the PoW, the QBFT consensus mechanism reduced the energy consumption by an average of 5%. This finding underscores the significant advantage of QBFT in addressing the energy consumption challenges posed by resource-constrained IoT devices. In addition to its inherent benefits of privacy and block time efficiency, the Quorum blockchain emerges as a more sustainable choice for IoT applications due to its lower power consumption.","PeriodicalId":509567,"journal":{"name":"Future Internet","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141664915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluating Convolutional Neural Networks and Vision Transformers for Baby Cry Sound Analysis 评估用于婴儿哭声分析的卷积神经网络和视觉变换器

Future Internet Pub Date : 2024-07-07 DOI: 10.3390/fi16070242

Samir A. Younis, Dalia Sobhy, Noha S. Tawfik

{"title":"Evaluating Convolutional Neural Networks and Vision Transformers for Baby Cry Sound Analysis","authors":"Samir A. Younis, Dalia Sobhy, Noha S. Tawfik","doi":"10.3390/fi16070242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fi16070242","url":null,"abstract":"Crying is a newborn’s main way of communicating. Despite their apparent similarity, newborn cries are physically generated and have distinct characteristics. Experienced medical professionals, nurses, and parents are able to recognize these variations based on their prior interactions. Nonetheless, interpreting a baby’s cries can be challenging for carers, first-time parents, and inexperienced paediatricians. This paper uses advanced deep learning techniques to propose a novel approach for baby cry classification. This study aims to accurately classify different cry types associated with everyday infant needs, including hunger, discomfort, pain, tiredness, and the need for burping. The proposed model achieves an accuracy of 98.33%, surpassing the performance of existing studies in the field. IoT-enabled sensors are utilized to capture cry signals in real time, ensuring continuous and reliable monitoring of the infant’s acoustic environment. This integration of IoT technology with deep learning enhances the system’s responsiveness and accuracy. Our study highlights the significance of accurate cry classification in understanding and meeting the needs of infants and its potential impact on improving infant care practices. The methodology, including the dataset, preprocessing techniques, and architecture of the deep learning model, is described. The results demonstrate the performance of the proposed model, and the discussion analyzes the factors contributing to its high accuracy.","PeriodicalId":509567,"journal":{"name":"Future Internet","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141671283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Explainable Artificial Intelligence Methods to Enhance Transparency and Trust in Digital Deliberation Settings 用可解释的人工智能方法提高数字审议环境中的透明度和信任度

Future Internet Pub Date : 2024-07-06 DOI: 10.3390/fi16070241

Ilias Siachos, Nikos I. Karacapilidis

引用次数: 0