Rafidain Journal of Science最新文献

Isolation and Characterize of Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria Bacillus spp. and their Response to some Environmental Variables 固氮细菌芽孢杆菌属的分离和特征及其对某些环境变量的反应

Rafidain Journal of Science Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.33899/rjs.2024.183434

Fawz AL.Saffar

{"title":"Isolation and Characterize of Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria Bacillus spp. and their Response to some Environmental Variables","authors":"Fawz AL.Saffar","doi":"10.33899/rjs.2024.183434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rjs.2024.183434","url":null,"abstract":"The study included two axes: the first was isolation and diagnosis of Bacillus spp . that fixed atmospheric nitrogen from 10 different soil samples collected from the city of Mosul, diagnosed microscopically and culturally depending on several biochemical tests. Its effectiveness in fixing nitrogen was tested by inoculating it in a nitrogen-free medium with the presence of a control sample. The best isolate (F5) was chosen to conduct the second section, which aimed to determine the effect of environmental factors, such as different temperatures, the effect of high salt content and different pH ranges on the ability of Bacillus to produce nitrogenase, which is important in fixing nitrogen. The results showed that the optimal growth of the isolate (F5) was on Nutrient Agar at a temperature of 37°C and a pH of 7. The bacteria were grown at temperatures of 40°C, 45°C, and 50°C, the isolate (F5) tolerated growth to a temperature of 50°C, as there was a significant difference compared to control sample, in addition to retaining its ability to fix nitrogen. The bacteria were grown in culture media containing 6%, 7%, and 8% concentrations of NaCl, and they tolerated growth to a concentration of 8%, with a slight significant difference to the control sample. The bacteria retained their ability to fix nitrogen at 6%, 7%, and at a concentration of 8%, there was a slightly significant difference compared to the control sample. It was also grown on media with pH value of 6, 5 and 4. There was a slight significant difference in the level of pH 6 when compared to the control sample, while at the level of pH 5 there was weak growth with a large significant difference compared to the control sample, and no bacterial growth appeared at pH 4. Nitrogen was fixed at pH6 and there was no significant difference compared to the control sample. However, a very small amount of nitrogen was fixed at pH5 and it was with a large significant difference compared to the control sample.","PeriodicalId":509480,"journal":{"name":"Rafidain Journal of Science","volume":"43 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141403511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Antibiofilm Activity of Mersacidin produced by Bacillus sp.-AE Against Acinetobacter baumannii and Acinetobacter junii isolated from Clinical Specimens. AE 杆菌产生的 Mersacidin 对从临床标本中分离出的鲍曼不动杆菌和朱尼不动杆菌的抗生物膜活性。

Rafidain Journal of Science Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.33899/rjs.2024.183433

Alaa N. Mahmood Al-Najim, E. Alsammak

{"title":"Antibiofilm Activity of Mersacidin produced by Bacillus sp.-AE Against Acinetobacter baumannii and Acinetobacter junii isolated from Clinical Specimens.","authors":"Alaa N. Mahmood Al-Najim, E. Alsammak","doi":"10.33899/rjs.2024.183433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rjs.2024.183433","url":null,"abstract":"One hundred and sixty clinical Specimens were collected, of which 120 isolates belonging to genus Acinetobacter spp , for 75%, and the highest percentage of burns was 85.7%, wounds 75.6%, diabetic foot ulcers 75%, tonsil smears 66.6%, urine from cases of urinary tract infection and kidney failure 50%, and bone marrow fluid spiny C.S.F by 25%. from various Mosul hospitals. Thirteen isolates belonging to the two species Acinetobacter baumannii -AE and Acinetobacter junii -AE were selected based on morphological traits and biochemical tests. The phylogenetic relationship based on 16SrRNA The Acinetobacter species clustered in 3 clusters: A: include 8 strains A. baumannii-AE at 98.05%, B: include 2 strains A. junii-AE at 98.2% and C: include 3 strains A. junii-AE at 98.75% were obtained using (Mega7) program and method Clustering depended on (UPGMA). The results showed that the genus Acinetobacter produced a biofilm at 53.8% strongly, while the average production on CRA medium was 46.1%, while the results on MTP 53.8% strong production of the mucous layer in abundance with dark colonies and 46.1% medium producing biofilm with brown colonies, the minimum inhibitory concentration of Mersacidin extracted from strain Bacillus sp.-AE against pathogenic isolates A.baumannii and A.junii ranged between (625-2500) μg/ml, while minimum sub MIC ranged between (312.5-1250) µg/mL, and the strain Bacillus sp.-AE Mersacidin-producing bacteriocins have the highest anti-biofilm effect than A.baumannii and A.junii strains. is a strong biofilm-forming.","PeriodicalId":509480,"journal":{"name":"Rafidain Journal of Science","volume":"17 44","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141393465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Indirect Electrochemical Determination of Carvedilol through its Interaction with Nitrous Acid 通过卡维地洛与亚硝酸的相互作用间接电化学测定卡维地洛

Rafidain Journal of Science Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.33899/rjs.2024.183425

I. Alallaf, Amer Altaye, N. Othman

{"title":"Indirect Electrochemical Determination of Carvedilol through its Interaction with Nitrous Acid","authors":"I. Alallaf, Amer Altaye, N. Othman","doi":"10.33899/rjs.2024.183425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rjs.2024.183425","url":null,"abstract":"An indirect electrochemical determination of carvedilol (CAR) as pure and in its pharmaceutical tablets through its interaction with nitrous acid has been studied using square wave voltammetry (SWV). Nitrous acid which is prepared instantaneously in a voltametric cell contains a three-electrodes detection system, a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) as the working electrode, Pt-wire as an auxiliary electrode and silver/silver chloride/ saturated potassium chloride (Ag/AgCl. sat. KCl) as a reference electrode, gives a well-defined oxidation peak at 1.35 V vs. Ag/AgCl. saturation KCl. The effect of different pH (buffer types), time and concentration were tested. The calibration curve was constructed under measured optimum conditions by following the decrease in nitrous acid peak as a result of the addition of carvedilol solution. The plot of carvedilol concentration added and the differences in current gives two straight lines, first at a low concentration range (0.499 -5.99) × 10 -8 M by a calibration equation Y=93.893x-4.9093 and second, at a high concentration range (6.99 - 11.98) ×10 -8 M by a calibration equation Y=9.2363x+484.69 with correlation coefficient R 2 equal 0.9937 and 0.9574 respectively. The limit of detection (LOD) was (0.10048×10 -8 ) M and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) was (0.33493 ×10 -8 ) M.","PeriodicalId":509480,"journal":{"name":"Rafidain Journal of Science","volume":"57 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141416286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Quorum Sensing in Staphylococcus aureus 金黄色葡萄球菌的法定人数感应

Rafidain Journal of Science Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.33899/rjs.2024.183429

Suaad Ahmed, Hussam Hasan, Heba Tawfeeq

{"title":"Quorum Sensing in Staphylococcus aureus","authors":"Suaad Ahmed, Hussam Hasan, Heba Tawfeeq","doi":"10.33899/rjs.2024.183429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rjs.2024.183429","url":null,"abstract":"Staphylococci are common commensals in human beings, yet certain species are pathogenic. Staphylococcus aureus , particularly, is a very virulent human pathogen. The capacity of staphylococci to sense the density of bacterial cell, i.e., quorum, and thereafter respond via genetic modifications is attributable to one primary mechanism known as accessory gene regulator (Agr). Agr's extracellular signal is a peptide that is post-translationally modified with a thiolactone molecule. Agr is in charge of the upregulation of numerous exotoxins and hydrolyzing enzymes, as well as the downregulation of many colonization determinants, under circumstances of high cell density. This modulation is critical for the scheduling synthesis of virulence determinants throughout the infection course and the establishment of acute illness, whereas low Agr activity is linked to persistent staphylococcal infections, such as biofilm development. Moreover, Staphylococcal Accessory Regulator A ِ (SarA) controls the establishment of biofilm in S. aureus that hinders the production of nuclease and protease via triggering the P2 and P3 promoters resulting in the activation of RNAII and RNAIII, respectively. SarA also endures the transcription of agrA and saeS , and many virulence determinants including hla , hlb , and hlg coding α, β, and γ-hemolysins, respectively. Upon the aforementioned facts, the present review will shed some light on the Quorum Sensing (QS) in S. aureus , particularly, the Agr and Sar systems and how these systems control the pathogenicity of this species. Moreover, it will cover the factors that interfere with these systems.","PeriodicalId":509480,"journal":{"name":"Rafidain Journal of Science","volume":"74 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141391016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of Smoking on Blood Parameters and Thyroid Hormones in Men with Polycythemia 吸烟对多血症男性血液参数和甲状腺激素的影响

Rafidain Journal of Science Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.33899/rjs.2024.183421

Marwah Majeed, Z. Al-Ali

{"title":"Effect of Smoking on Blood Parameters and Thyroid Hormones in Men with Polycythemia","authors":"Marwah Majeed, Z. Al-Ali","doi":"10.33899/rjs.2024.183421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rjs.2024.183421","url":null,"abstract":"Smoking is the primary cause of fatalities, disabling conditions, and avoidable diseases worldwide. Smokers are subject exposed to a variety of dangerous compounds, which stimulate the bone marrow to produce more RBCs. So that, this study aims to know the effects of smoking on men with polycythemia by studying the blood parameters and thyroid hormones. The study is conducted on 100 men (75 with polycythemia and 25 men control), ages (20-59) years, with samples collected from the blood bank at Maysan governorate, from the period November 2022 to March 2023. The results showed an increase significant (P≤0.05) in the values of red blood cells, hemoglobin and hematocrit, while, the white blood cells count showed no significant (P≤0.05) differences for both groups of polycythemias (smokers and non-smokers) as compared to the control group. Also, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration showed an increase significant (P≤0.05) in the smokers group. No significant (P≤0.05) variation was recorded in the values of thyroid stimulating hormone and thyroxine among groups, and triiodothyronine values in polycythemia (smoker and non-smoker) increased significantly (P≤0.05) in comparison with the control group. According to the above results we conclude the smoking effect in blood parameters and T 3 hormones in smoker polycythemia men.","PeriodicalId":509480,"journal":{"name":"Rafidain Journal of Science","volume":"33 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141390226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of Ginkgo biloba Leaves on Growth Performance and Thyroid Functions Markers in Normal and H2O2 Induced Oxidative Stress in Male Broiler Chicken. 银杏叶对正常和 H2O2 诱导氧化应激下雄性肉鸡生长性能和甲状腺功能指标的影响

Rafidain Journal of Science Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.33899/rjs.2024.183422

Rebin Omar, Ismail Kakey

{"title":"Effect of Ginkgo biloba Leaves on Growth Performance and Thyroid Functions Markers in Normal and H2O2 Induced Oxidative Stress in Male Broiler Chicken.","authors":"Rebin Omar, Ismail Kakey","doi":"10.33899/rjs.2024.183422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rjs.2024.183422","url":null,"abstract":"As antibiotic growth promoters are being phased out from poultry diets in different global regions, there is a significant focus on exploring substitute strategies. The complete randomized design applied to the study included 216 one-day-old male strain (Ross 307) broilers assigned into six equal number groups, three replicates, each consisting of 12 chicks. The control (group 1) was fed standard diet and group 2 was exposed to oxidative stress (OS) by 0.5% ml of hydrogen peroxide (50%) concentration per liter of water. Group 3 was exposed to OS and treated with 3.5 g/kg non-fermented Ginkgo biloba leaves (Gbl), group 4 was exposed to OS and treated with 3.5 g/kg fermented Gbl, group 5 comprised normal chicken treated with 3.5 g/kg non-fermented Gbl, group 6 normal chicken consists of 3.5 g/kg fermented Gbl. The result showed that the normal chicken in group 6 treated with F-Gbl caused a significant decline (P < 0.01) in feed conversation ratio FCR (1.38) compared to all groups 2,3,4 and 5 (1.53,1.56,1.48 and1.57) respectively, while non-significant change (P > 0.01) observed inverses to control group. the final body weight (FBW) and weight gain (WG) in group 6 significantly increased (P < 0.01) as compared to all other experimental groups, and the level of T 3 and T 4 in group 6 non-significant change (P > 0.01) observed compared to group1.In summary, incorporating F-Gbl within the recommended range into broiler diet improved growth performance, physiological condition and regulated thyroid hormone function thereby increasing FI, WG and FBW.","PeriodicalId":509480,"journal":{"name":"Rafidain Journal of Science","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141397158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Measurement of Interleukins in Mice Treated with Pro-30 Max Probiotics and Injected with Protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus. 使用 Pro-30 Max 益生菌并注射粒棘球蚴原虫的小鼠体内白细胞介素的测定。

Rafidain Journal of Science Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.33899/rjs.2024.183424

Arkan Sheet, Asmaa Ali, Abdulkhaliq Mohaimeed, Luay Rashan

{"title":"Measurement of Interleukins in Mice Treated with Pro-30 Max Probiotics and Injected with Protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus.","authors":"Arkan Sheet, Asmaa Ali, Abdulkhaliq Mohaimeed, Luay Rashan","doi":"10.33899/rjs.2024.183424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rjs.2024.183424","url":null,"abstract":"Echinococcus granulosus is a causative agent of cystic echinococcosis, with a cosmopolitan allocation. The current study investigated levels of interleukins IL-2, 12, 13 and IL-15 in the serum of mice treated with PRO-30 Max probiotics, comprising ( Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. plantarum, L. casei, L.reuteri, Bifidobacterium bifidum, B. lactis, B. longum, and Streptococcus thermophilus ), then infected with the protoscoleces of E. granulosus . Three dilutions of probiotics, 18×10 -8 /1 ml, 14×10 -9 / 1 ml, 12 x 10 -10 / ml (CFU), and three periods 3, 5, and 7 months were applied, 0.1 ml of each dilution was injected in mice intraperitoneally, before and after infection with the protoscoleces. On the fifth day of infection, bacterial injection was continued every 72 hours for all periods. Blood was drawn from the ophthalmic venous plexus; serum samples were kept at -20° until use. Interleukins were estimated using ELISA technique. The highest level of IL-2 was at dilution 18×10 -8 , 195.29 pg/ml, compared with the C+, 30.212 pg/ml after seven months of infection. The highest level of IL-12 was at dilution 18×10 -8 , 195.19 pg/ml, compared with the C+, 35.955 pg/ml after seven months of infection. The lowest level of IL-13 in mice treated with the dilution 18×10 -8 , was 31.755 pg/ml, after three months of infection, compared with the C+, 190.919 pg/ml after the seventh month of infection. An increase in the level of IL-15 was observed at the dilution 18 × 10 -8 , 193.012 pg / ml, compared with the C+, 30.022 pg/ ml after seven months of infection.","PeriodicalId":509480,"journal":{"name":"Rafidain Journal of Science","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141399713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Comparative Study of some New Heterocyclic Compounds Containing the 1,2,4-Triazole Moiety 含 1,2,4-三唑分子的一些新型杂环化合物的比较研究

Rafidain Journal of Science Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.33899/rjs.2024.183426

Bassam Salw, Salim Mohammed

{"title":"A Comparative Study of some New Heterocyclic Compounds Containing the 1,2,4-Triazole Moiety","authors":"Bassam Salw, Salim Mohammed","doi":"10.33899/rjs.2024.183426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rjs.2024.183426","url":null,"abstract":"The present study reports the synthesis of a range of compounds including oxazepines (5a-e), benzoxazepines (6a-e), imidazolidines (7a-e) and (8a-e), and tetrazoles (9a-e) containing 1,2, -4-triazole. These compounds were synthesized from benzilic acid hydrazide (1) using both traditional and green approaches, with the latter utilizing ultrasound technology to increase the yield and speed up reaction times. Thus, the bezilic acid hydrazide was first converted to potassium2-(2-hydroxy-2,2-diphenylacetyl) hydrazine-1– carbodithioate) (2) followed by treatment with hydrazine hydrate to produce (4-amino -5- mercapto-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-yl) diphenyl methanol (3). Compound (3) was then reacted with various substituted benzaldehydes to produce Schiff base compounds (4a-e). The cyclization of compound (4a-e) with many reagents provides the product with oxazepines, benzoxazepines, imidazolidineand tetrazoles compounds. The results proved that the use of ultrasound technology proved to be a more efficient method compared to traditional approaches, as it resulted in shorter reaction times and high-quality products. The purity of all synthesized compounds was determined using thin-layer chromatography (TLC), and the structures were confirmed through physical and spectral analysis including FT-IR and 1 H NMR.","PeriodicalId":509480,"journal":{"name":"Rafidain Journal of Science","volume":"27 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141414975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Role of Spirulina platensis on some Physiological Aspects in Paracetamol-Induced Subacute Toxicity in Male Rats 螺旋藻对扑热息痛诱导雄性大鼠亚急性中毒的某些生理方面的作用

Rafidain Journal of Science Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.33899/rjs.2024.183427

Liigia shemiss

引用次数: 0

Effect of Heat Treatment on Alpha Track Profile of CR-39 Detector. 热处理对 CR-39 探测器阿尔法轨道剖面的影响。

Rafidain Journal of Science Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.33899/rjs.2024.183435

Rasha Mahmood, M. Al-Jubbori

引用次数: 0