Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science最新文献

{"title":"High-strength preload indicator inner washer forward design method","authors":"Zhifang Liu, Yuanxin Luo","doi":"10.1177/09544062231226025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544062231226025","url":null,"abstract":"The preload indicator bolt assembly is a fastener that achieves the desired preload effect by simply tightening the preload nut within a specified range without additional measuring tools. The inner washer is a critical component in this assembly, with its outer diameter and height serving as crucial design parameters. In this paper, an equivalent mechanical model is established for the preload indicator bolt assembly. Utilizing this model, an iterative search process is developed to determine the optimal outer diameter and height of the inner washer. The analytical relationship between the bolt preload force and nut displacement is compared and validated against finite element analysis and experimental results, yielding favorable agreement. Notably, the nut tightening angle can vary within the range of 187°–242°, while the preload force exhibits a minimal variation of only ±2% for type 10-0A bolt connection (Bolt diameter and bolt pitch are φ16 mm and 1.41 mm, respectively. The material of bolt, inner ring, and flat ring are GH4169, 40CrNiMoA, and 30CrMo, respectively). This feature significantly simplifies the installation process of the preload indicator bolt assembly in real-world applications, offering great convenience. The increment in tension force on preloaded bolts under external loads exhibits an almost identical trend for both connection methods. Under the same preload force and the same eccentric working load conditions, the thickness of the connected components follows the same trend as their contact area.","PeriodicalId":509477,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139524966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of heat input on the hazardous gas emissions from galvanized steel during cold metal transfer welding","authors":"S. T. Selvamani, T. Selvaganapathy, G.K. Thanigaivellan, G. Vignesh Kumar, A. Ramesh","doi":"10.1177/09544062231223066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544062231223066","url":null,"abstract":"The impact of heat input on the hazardous gas emissions of cold metal transfer welded zinc-coated steel joints is the main focus of this study. The bulk formation of fumes during the arc-assisted metal joining process not only affects the characteristics of joints but also, affects the welder’s respiratory systems and environment. Hence, in this research work, using a stack-monitoring kit the welding fumes are collected for various heat inputs and characterized to understand the hazardous emission from zinc-coated steel by the Cold Metal Transfer - 400TPSi advanced technique. The experimental work conducted for the heat input of 0.624 kJ/mm showed superior results for fume formation rate, dust emission rate and emission factor when compared to other heat inputs. In addition, the dust emission rate and fume formation rate increased as the heat input increased. Also, Hazardous gas emissions of CO2, SO2, CO, Zinc and the concentration of total dust for the corresponding heat input were found to be within permissible limits. Furthermore, the TEM analysis exhibits that, the particle structure of the fume is agglomerated chains of spherical and faceted morphology. The outcomes prove outstanding results when compared to other welding processes and norms of the NIOSH and ISI 5182 standards.","PeriodicalId":509477,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science","volume":"4 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139526043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of novel multiple-axis flexure hinges based on hook function curve and a generalized model for multiple-axis flexure hinges","authors":"Yunsong Du, Shuoshuo Liu, Tiemin Li","doi":"10.1177/09544062231222710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544062231222710","url":null,"abstract":"A novel asymmetric multiple-axis hook-function-curve (HFC) flexure hinge (HFCFH) with higher motion precision is proposed. For obtaining high-accuracy compliance and motion precision models of multiple-axis flexure hinges, a brief and generalized analytical model is presented by using the finite beam based matrix modeling (FBMM) method. It can be used to quickly obtain the compliance and precision models by just changing the notch contour functions. The comparative results prove the high accuracy and efficiency of the analytical model. For a much fairer comparison of motion precision between flexure hinges, a new precision model is proposed, in which a non-dimension and more intuitive precision matrix is defined. By using the precision model, the comparison of motion precision between multiple-axis HFCFHs and other multiple-axis flexure hinges indicates that asymmetric flexure hinges have higher motion precision, and multiple-axis HFCFHs also have higher motion precision in asymmetric flexure hinges. Based on the design concept of hybrid flexure hinges, eight types of hybrid multiple-axis flexure hinges with much higher performance are designed, enriching the types of multiple-axis flexure hinges and providing more reference for the selection of hinges in spatial compliant mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":509477,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science","volume":"81 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139526429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a multifunctional nursing bed system for in-bed position recognition and automatic repositioning","authors":"Haoyu Zhou, Lingfeng Sang, Jingjing Luo, Hongbo Wang, Yongfei Feng, Xueze Zhang, Li Chen","doi":"10.1177/09544062231223878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544062231223878","url":null,"abstract":"Bedridden elderly need to be repositioned at regular intervals to prevent pressure ulcers. However, repositioning, being one of the most physically demanding tasks in nursing, faces many challenges, including work-related injuries and limited manpower. To address these problems, we have developed a multifunctional nursing bed system. This system not only assists in repositioning and transitioning positions but also features in-bed position recognition, enabling automatic repositioning based on recognition results. In this paper, the repositioning process was analysed, and the nursing bed mechanism and its control design were developed. An algorithmic framework for in-bed position recognition, including preprocessing and convolutional neural networks, is proposed. The experimental results demonstrate that the nursing bed system facilitates comfortable repositioning and position transition for subjects. In a short-term experiment, the system demonstrated an accuracy rate of 96.83% for in-bed position recognition. Meanwhile, in a long-term experiment, it achieved a success rate of 93.89% for automatic repositioning. These findings indicate that the proposed system demonstrates substantial potential in nursing care, particularly in pressure ulcer prevention.","PeriodicalId":509477,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139526359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dissimilar joining of duplex AISI 2304 stainless steel/austenitic AISI 321 stainless steel using resistance spot welding technique: Microstructural evolutions, tensile-shear properties, and fracture analysis","authors":"Farzad Badkoobeh, H. Mostaan, Mahdi Rafiei, Mohammad Amin Zarei-Sahamie, Alireza Dordsheikh-Torkamani","doi":"10.1177/09544062231221628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544062231221628","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, microstructural characteristics and mechanical performance of spot weld joints of AISI 321 austenitic stainless steel (ASS)/AISI 2304 duplex stainless steel (DSS) were experimentally assessed. The welding current and time were varied to determine their effects on the failure load/energy and mechanism of dissimilar welds. The weld metal (WM)’s microstructure had a ferritic matrix as well as a distribution of grain boundary, Widmanstätten, and transgranular austenite. Some precipitates were found in the weld. The heat-affected zone (HAZ) of the AISI 321 ASS did not experience extensive phase evolutions and only grain coarsening occurred. This led to the HAZ softening. While extensive phase transformations were identified in the HAZ of the AISI 2304 DSS. Its microstructure contained a ferrite matrix with Widmanstätten and grain boundary-type austenite. Such microstructure resulted in the HAZ strengthening. Alteration of the welding condition from 1 kA – 2 s to 3 kA – 2 s raised peak load (tensile-shear strength) from 9.7± 0.8 to 16± 1 kN and energy absorbed to fracture from 15.52 ±1 to 51.2± 2 J. Enhanced WM size was responsible for them. Finally, as welding condition reached 4 kA – 2 s, they would decrease to 14.4±1 kN and 41.76± 3 J, respectively. It arises from surface splash. Once the welding condition varied from 3 kA – 1 s to 3 kA – 3 s, the weld performance was promoted i.e., improvement of peak load from 13± 1 to 19.6± 0.5 kN and energy absorbed to fracture from 23.4±2 to 49±3 J. It results from the WM enlarged. Ultimately, welding condition of 3 kA – 4 s causes a degradation in the weld performance i.e., drop of peak load to 15.8±1 kN and energy absorbed to fracture to 33.18± 2 J. This was on account of surface splash. With reference to the fracture analysis, interfacial, single pull-out, and double pull-out fracture modes were characterized.","PeriodicalId":509477,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science","volume":"58 51","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139527081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coordinated path-following control of distributed autonomous vehicles with obstacles and collision avoidance","authors":"Iman Ghasemi, Mohammad Tahmasbi, Saeid Ahmadian, Hassan Sayyaadi","doi":"10.1177/09544062231221627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544062231221627","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents the path-following control design for a group of autonomous underwater vehicles in a plane with obstacle and collision avoidance. A distributed backstepping controller is exploited for an autonomous vehicle to design a path-following controller. Then, the controller is applied for the path-following of a group of autonomous vehicle systems in the formation setting. The graph theory is used to model the interconnection between the vehicles. To avoid obstacles and collisions, a dynamic limit-cycle-based algorithm is proposed. It is assumed that each obstacle is involved an elliptical shape and if the collision or conflict of one vehicle to the surrounded environmental obstacles is detected, the obstacle avoidance algorithm will be active to prevent collisions. Finally, the introduced algorithm is implemented and simulated for a group of underwater autonomous vehicles in MATLAB software. The simulation results illustrate the effectiveness and performance of the proposed distributed controller apparently.","PeriodicalId":509477,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science","volume":"44 45","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139528302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fixed-time sliding mode estimator-based distributed formation control for multiple nonholonomic mobile robots","authors":"Yao Gu, Ming Yue, Hongshuo Liu, Longfei Su, Xudong Zhao","doi":"10.1177/09544062231221626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544062231221626","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a fixed-time estimator-based distributed formation controller for a system consisting of multiple nonholonomic mobile robots, taking into consideration the stability of individuals and the effectiveness of internal communication. The desired trajectory of the formation is given by the virtual leader whose state is available only to some followers, and the information interaction within the followers is localized. To begin with, a distributed fixed-time sliding mode estimator is designed for each follower to estimate the state information of the virtual leader within a fixed time. Subsequently, based on the estimator, a formation controller is designed according to the trajectory tracking error of each follower. In addition, the Lyapunov function is constructed for stability analysis. Finally, simulation experiments are conducted in MATLAB/Simulink to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed estimator and controller, and the robustness of the control system is further verified by combining the actual situation of communication interruption and external disturbance.","PeriodicalId":509477,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science","volume":"53 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139527748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-condition classification optimization of subframe of dust suppression vehicle","authors":"Zhe Cui, Kaixin Zhao, Xiaolei Dong, Ruiqi Gong","doi":"10.1177/09544062231221617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544062231221617","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a forward classification optimization design idea for the subframe structure with discrete material distribution and take a typical subframe of a dust suppression vehicle is taken as an example to optimize and verify. Using the finite element method, we established a simulation model for the dust suppression vehicle, and the feasibility of lightweight design was determined through the multi-condition stress analysis and modal analysis of the subframe structure of the model. Firstly, the water tank bracket structure is taken as the topology optimization space, the compromise topology optimization based on grey correlation is carried out, and the conceptual design is carried out according to the material distribution of the water tank bracket shown in the topological cloud image. Then the response surface optimization model is established, and the thickness of each structure of the subframe is parameterized. Before optimization, a Pareto graph was drawn through sensitivity analysis to exclude variables with weak correlation with optimization objectives, and a high-precision response surface was fitted by least square method to meet the requirements of response surface model adaptation. Finally, the best solution was found by GRSM algorithm. After adjusting the original model according to the parameters of the best solution, the optimized subframe not only meets the operational requirements of the dust suppression vehicle but also achieves a 23.8% reduction in weight, demonstrating significant practical engineering value.","PeriodicalId":509477,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science","volume":"42 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139531931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deciphering the pathways for deployment of different architecture of chemically treated and untreated fibers in polymeric materials for performance enhancement","authors":"S. Radhakrishnan, S. Dwivedi, Bhasha Sharma, Sumit Gupta, Pallavee Gupta, Vijay Chaudhary","doi":"10.1177/09544062231220751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544062231220751","url":null,"abstract":"Light weight polymer composites have been researched for a long time as potential replacements for metallic materials in every field of engineering. Material scientists are focused on using natural materials as constituents of polymer composite to make it bio-degradable, non-toxic, and safer for the environment. But an obstacle in place for this is the low mechanical properties of the bio-composites. Mechanical properties depend on reinforcement, which can be enhanced to a certain extent using different fiber architectures while introducing into the polymer matrix to develop the composite material. In this study, the various fiber reinforcement architectures are present and their influence on different properties has been discussed. In addition, the evolution in the fiber architecture used in polymer composite have also been discussed. The various difficulties faced have been discussed with possible methods to overcome them.","PeriodicalId":509477,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science","volume":"45 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139533727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and experimental validation of a valve-distributed water radial piston pump","authors":"Ran Li, Wenshu Wei, Hao Liu, Xiangyu Geng, Jianqiang Cui, Zongkai Guo, Dongze Li, Tianliang Yu, Da-lin Wang, Xiaoming Yuan, Shijun Lv, Na Gao","doi":"10.1177/09544062231220736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544062231220736","url":null,"abstract":"In underground coal mining, there is an urgent need for reducing the noise, hydraulic shock, and leakage of reciprocating pumps. Flow pulsation is strongly dependent on the number of pistons for single-acting reciprocating pumps. Water hydraulic radial piston pumps (RPPs) allow the pistons to be radially distributed, which makes the multi-piston design easier compared to traditional single-acting reciprocating piston pumps. In this study, a novel valve-distributed water RPP was developed in which the star wheel assembled on the camshaft is used to drive the connecting rod-crosshead-piston assembly and realize the reciprocation of the piston and suction-discharge of the pump check valves. Mathematical and numerical models representing the RPP were built using MATLAB and AMESim, respectively. Three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics analyses were performed to investigate the internal flow field of the suction and discharge circuits as well as the flow characteristics of the discharge valve opening. A prototype pump was manufactured and tested for 200 h and then disassembled to evaluate the wear condition. The tested instant flow rates were lower than those obtained from the theoretical and simulation analyses. The experimental results also revealed that the average flow rates were almost independent of the output pressure and that the volumetric efficiency decreased with increasing rotational speed when the output pressure was larger than 25 MPa. Inspecting the disassembled water RPP revealed that scuffing problems occurred in the pistons, whereas the other components remained intact. The findings of this study offer a reference for water hydraulic power units in various applications and for investigating the intensity of water hydraulics.","PeriodicalId":509477,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139380627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}