AAPS Journal最新文献_第10页

The Development of Epitope-Based Recombinant Protein Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. 开发抗 SARS-CoV-2 的表位重组蛋白疫苗。

IF 5 3区医学

AAPS Journal Pub Date : 2024-08-13 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-024-00963-1

Kanwal Khalid, Hui Xuan Lim, Jung Shan Hwang, Chit Laa Poh

{"title":"The Development of Epitope-Based Recombinant Protein Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2.","authors":"Kanwal Khalid, Hui Xuan Lim, Jung Shan Hwang, Chit Laa Poh","doi":"10.1208/s12248-024-00963-1","DOIUrl":"10.1208/s12248-024-00963-1","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic continues to cause infections and deaths, which are attributable to the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant of concern (VOC). Moderna's response to the declining protective efficacies of current SARS-CoV-2 vaccines against Omicron was to develop a bivalent booster vaccine based on the Spike (S) protein from the Wuhan and Omicron BA.4/BA.5 strains. This approach, while commendable, is unfeasible in light of rapidly emerging mutated viral strains. PubMed and Google Scholar were systematically reviewed for peer-reviewed papers up to January 2024. Articles included focused on specific themes such as the clinical history of recombinant protein vaccine development against different diseases, including COVID-19, the production of recombinant protein vaccines using different host expression systems, aspects to consider in recombinant protein vaccine development, and overcoming problems associated with large-scale recombinant protein vaccine production. In silico approaches to identify conserved and immunogenic epitopes could provide broad protection against SARS-CoV-2 VOCs but require validation in animal models. The recombinant protein vaccine development platform has shown a successful history in clinical development. Recombinant protein vaccines incorporating conserved epitopes may utilize a number of expression systems, such as yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), baculovirus-insect cells (Sf9 cells), and Escherichia coli (E. coli). Current multi-epitope subunit vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 utilizing synthetic peptides are unfeasible for large-scale immunizations. Recombinant protein vaccines based on conserved and immunogenic proteins produced using E. coli offer high production yields, convenient purification, and cost-effective production of large-scale vaccine quantities capable of protecting against the SARS-CoV-2 D614G strain and its VOCs.","PeriodicalId":50934,"journal":{"name":"AAPS Journal","volume":"26 5","pages":"93"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141977183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Predicting Tumor Volume Doubling Time and Progression-Free Survival in Untreated Patients from Patient-Derived-Xenograft (PDX) Models: A Translational Model-Based Approach. 从患者衍生异种移植（PDX）模型预测未治疗患者的肿瘤体积倍增时间和无进展生存期：基于转化模型的方法。

IF 5 3区医学

AAPS Journal Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-024-00960-4

E M Tosca, D Ronchi, M Rocchetti, P Magni

{"title":"Predicting Tumor Volume Doubling Time and Progression-Free Survival in Untreated Patients from Patient-Derived-Xenograft (PDX) Models: A Translational Model-Based Approach.","authors":"E M Tosca, D Ronchi, M Rocchetti, P Magni","doi":"10.1208/s12248-024-00960-4","DOIUrl":"10.1208/s12248-024-00960-4","url":null,"abstract":"Tumor volume doubling time (TVDT) has been shown to be a potential surrogate marker of biological tumor activity. However, its availability in clinics is strongly limited due to ethical and practical reasons, as its assessment requires at least two subsequent tumor volume measurements in untreated patients. Here, a translational modeling framework to predict TVDT distributions in untreated cancer patient populations from tumor growth data in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mice is proposed. Eleven solid cancer types were considered. For each of them, a set of tumor growth studies in PDX mice was selected and analyzed through a mathematical model to characterize the distribution of the exponential tumor growth rate in mice. Then, assuming an exponential growth of the tumor mass in humans, the growth rates were scaled from PDX mice to humans through an allometric scaling approach and used to predict TVDTs in untreated patients. A very good agreement was found between model predicted and clinically observed TVDTs, with 91% of the predicted TVDT medians fell within 1.5-fold of observations. Further, exploiting the intrinsic relationship between tumor growth dynamics and progression free survival (PFS), the exponential growth rates in humans were used to generate the expected PFS curves in absence of anticancer treatment. Predicted curves were extremely close to published PFS data from studies involving patient cohorts treated with supportive care or low effective therapies. The proposed approach shows promise as a potential tool to increase knowledge about TVDT in humans without the need of directly measuring tumor dimensions in untreated patients, and to predict PFS curves in untreated patients, that could fill the absence of placebo-controlled arms against which to compare treaded arms during clinical trials. However, further validation and refinement are needed to fully assess its effectiveness in this regard.","PeriodicalId":50934,"journal":{"name":"AAPS Journal","volume":"26 5","pages":"92"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141908271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability is Affected by Changes in Tight Junction Protein Expression at High-Altitude Hypoxic Conditions-this may have Implications for Brain Drug Transport. 高海拔缺氧条件下血脑屏障通透性受紧密连接蛋白表达变化的影响--这可能对脑药物转运产生影响

IF 5 3区医学

AAPS Journal Pub Date : 2024-08-06 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-024-00957-z

Guiqin Liu, Qian Wang, Lu Tian, Mengyue Wang, Delong Duo, Yabin Duan, Yue Lin, Junjun Han, Qiangqiang Jia, Junbo Zhu, Xiangyang Li

{"title":"Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability is Affected by Changes in Tight Junction Protein Expression at High-Altitude Hypoxic Conditions-this may have Implications for Brain Drug Transport.","authors":"Guiqin Liu, Qian Wang, Lu Tian, Mengyue Wang, Delong Duo, Yabin Duan, Yue Lin, Junjun Han, Qiangqiang Jia, Junbo Zhu, Xiangyang Li","doi":"10.1208/s12248-024-00957-z","DOIUrl":"10.1208/s12248-024-00957-z","url":null,"abstract":"Changes to blood-brain barrier structure and function may affect the delivery of drugs into the brain. It is worthwhile to exploring more study on how the blood-brain barrier changes in structure and function and how that affects drug transport in high-altitude hypoxic environment. The DIA high-throughput sequencing technique indicate that the rats blood-brain barrier has been identified to have 7252 proteins overall and 8 tight junction proteins, among which Claudin-7 was a plateau-specific tight junction protein under high-altitude hypoxia, and based on the interaction network study, 2421 proteins are found to interact with one another, with ZO-1 being the primary target. The results of the projected gene function analysis demonstrated that changes in tight junction proteins are related to the control of TRP channels by inflammatory mediators, the wnt signaling pathway, the ABC transporter system, and drug metabolism-CYP450 enzyme regulation. Additionally, the electron microscopy, the Evans blue combination with confocal laser scanning microscopy, and the Western Blot and RT-qPCR revealed that high-altitude hypoxic environment induces blood-brain barrier tight junctions to open, blood-brain barrier permeability increases, ZO-1, Occludin, Claudin-5 protein and mRNA expression decreased. Our research implies that structural and functional alterations in the blood-brain barrier induced by high altitude hypoxia may impact drug transport inside the central nervous system, and that drug transporters and drug-metabolizing enzymes may be key players in this process.","PeriodicalId":50934,"journal":{"name":"AAPS Journal","volume":"26 5","pages":"90"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141898903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An Investigation of In Vitro Anti-Cancer Efficacy of Dihydroartemisinin-Loaded Bovine Milk Exosomes Against Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. 二氢青蒿素载体牛乳外泌体对三阴性乳腺癌的体外抗癌疗效研究

IF 5 3区医学

AAPS Journal Pub Date : 2024-08-06 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-024-00958-y

Dulla Naveen Kumar, Aiswarya Chaudhuri, Udita Shiromani, Dinesh Kumar, Ashish Kumar Agrawal

{"title":"An Investigation of In Vitro Anti-Cancer Efficacy of Dihydroartemisinin-Loaded Bovine Milk Exosomes Against Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.","authors":"Dulla Naveen Kumar, Aiswarya Chaudhuri, Udita Shiromani, Dinesh Kumar, Ashish Kumar Agrawal","doi":"10.1208/s12248-024-00958-y","DOIUrl":"10.1208/s12248-024-00958-y","url":null,"abstract":"Repurposing drugs offers several advantages, including reduced time and cost compared to developing new drugs from scratch. It leverages existing knowledge about drug safety, dosage, and pharmacokinetics, expediting the process of clinical trials and regulatory approval. Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) is a semi-synthetic and active metabolite of all artemisinin molecules and is FDA-approved for the treatment of malaria. Apart from having anti-malarial properties, DHA also possesses anticancer properties. However, its pharmacological actions are limited by toxicity and solubility problems. To overcome these challenges and enhance its anticancer effectiveness, we designed an exosomal formulation of DHA. We isolated exosomes from bovine milk using differential ultracentrifugation and loaded DHA using sonication. Scanning and transition electron microscopy revealed a size of roughly 100 nm, with a spherical shape. Furthermore, in pH 7.4 and 5.5, the exosomes exhibited burst release followed by sustained release. Multiple in vitro cell culture tests demonstrated that Exo-DHA exhibited enhanced anticancer activity, including cytotoxicity, cellular uptake, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential, and inhibition of colony formation. Additional evidence supporting Exo-DHA's anti-migration ability came from transwell migration and scratch assays. Based on these results, it was concluded that the anticancer efficacy of DHA was improved when loaded into bovine milk-derived exosomes. While the in vitro results are encouraging, more in vivo testing in suitable animal models and biochemical marker analysis are warranted.","PeriodicalId":50934,"journal":{"name":"AAPS Journal","volume":"26 5","pages":"91"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141898902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Non-Invasive, Continuous, Quantitative Detection of Solvent Content in Vacuum Tray Drying. 无创、连续、定量检测真空托盘干燥过程中的溶剂含量。

IF 5 3区医学

AAPS Journal Pub Date : 2024-08-02 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-024-00944-4

Michel Y Louge, Jasdeep Mandur, Plamen Grigorov, William Blincoe, David Lamberto, Colton Bower, Robert F Meyer

引用次数: 0

A Data Driven Strategy and Case Study for Implementation of Singlicate Analysis in Ligand Binding Assays Used for PK Quantitation. 在用于 PK 定量的配体结合试验中实施单一分析的数据驱动策略和案例研究。

IF 5 3区医学

AAPS Journal Pub Date : 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-024-00959-x

Qiang Qu, Susana Liu, Zhiping You, Gregory S Steeno, Lisa A Dyleski, Xue Mu, Ying Wang, Daniel Baltrukonis

{"title":"A Data Driven Strategy and Case Study for Implementation of Singlicate Analysis in Ligand Binding Assays Used for PK Quantitation.","authors":"Qiang Qu, Susana Liu, Zhiping You, Gregory S Steeno, Lisa A Dyleski, Xue Mu, Ying Wang, Daniel Baltrukonis","doi":"10.1208/s12248-024-00959-x","DOIUrl":"10.1208/s12248-024-00959-x","url":null,"abstract":"Duplicate analysis has been a conventional practice in the industry for ligand-binding assays (LBA), particularly for plate-based platforms like Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Meso Scale Discovery (MSD) assays. Recent whitepapers and guidance have opened a door to exploring the implementation of single-well (singlicate) analysis approach for LBAs. Although the bioanalytical industry has actively investigated the suitability of singlicate analysis, applications in supporting regulated LBA bioanalysis are limited. The primary reason for this limitation is the absence of appropriate strategy to facilitate the transition from duplicate to singlicate analysis. In this paper we present the first case study with our data-driven approach to implement singlicate analysis in a clinical pharmacokinetics (PK) plate based LBA assay with ISR data. The central aspect of this strategy is a head-to-head comparison with Precision and Accuracy assessment in both duplicate and singlicate formats as the initial stage of assay validation. Subsequently, statistical analysis is conducted to evaluate method variability in both precision and accuracy. The results of our study indicated that there was no impactful difference between duplicate vs singlicate, affirming the suitability of singlicate analysis for the remaining steps of PK assay validation. The validation results obtained through singlicate analysis demonstrated acceptable assay performance characteristics across all validation parameters, aligning with regulatory guidance. The validated PK assay in singlicate has been employed to support a Phase I study. The appropriateness of singlicate analyses is further supported by initial Incurred Sample Reanalysis (ISR) data in which 90.1% of ISR samples fall within the acceptable criteria.","PeriodicalId":50934,"journal":{"name":"AAPS Journal","volume":"26 5","pages":"88"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141861570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Recommendations for Development and Validation of a Fit-For-Purpose Biomarker Assays Using Western Blotting; An-AAPS Sponsored Initiative to Harmonize Industry Practices. 使用 Western 印迹法开发和验证适用于目的的生物标志物检测的建议；AAPS 赞助的协调行业实践的倡议。

IF 5 3区医学

AAPS Journal Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-024-00946-2

Arvind Kinhikar, Mohamed Hassanein, Jake Harman, Catherine Soderstrom, Kimberly Honrine, Amy Lavelle, Marie-Anne Valentin, Joel Mathews

{"title":"Recommendations for Development and Validation of a Fit-For-Purpose Biomarker Assays Using Western Blotting; An-AAPS Sponsored Initiative to Harmonize Industry Practices.","authors":"Arvind Kinhikar, Mohamed Hassanein, Jake Harman, Catherine Soderstrom, Kimberly Honrine, Amy Lavelle, Marie-Anne Valentin, Joel Mathews","doi":"10.1208/s12248-024-00946-2","DOIUrl":"10.1208/s12248-024-00946-2","url":null,"abstract":"Western blot (WB) assays are routinely used for detection and quantification of biomarkers. Although assay validation to measure biomarkers in complex matrices has become a mainstay process for ligand binding assays (LBA) and mass spectrometry (MS), no guidelines exist yet validate biomarker methods using WB techniques. In this cross-industry white paper, we outlined in detail the key steps for development and for validation of WB assays for protein biomarkers under different contexts of use (COU). In addition, we described how to determine the level of assay validation needed for biomarker assays using Western blotting. For simplicity, we described two paths of WB assay validation. The first path (Path 1) is for biomarkers being analyzed for exploratory research or for internal go- or no/go- decision making. The second path (Path 2) is for clinical decision making such as dose determination or drug response that need to be run in a regulated environment. This work is supported through AAPS Biomarkers and Precision Medicine subteam and represents AAPS members opinion.","PeriodicalId":50934,"journal":{"name":"AAPS Journal","volume":"26 5","pages":"87"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141767970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluating the Performance of Two Automated Anti-drug Antibodies Assays for Infliximab and Adalimumab Without Acid Dissociation. 评估英夫利昔单抗和阿达木单抗两种无酸解离自动抗药抗体测定的性能

IF 5 3区医学

AAPS Journal Pub Date : 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-024-00953-3

Carley Karsten, Karin Grannas, Oskar Bergman, Robert Movérare, Matthew Roforth, Maria Alice V Willrich, Melissa R Snyder, Yifei K Yang

{"title":"Evaluating the Performance of Two Automated Anti-drug Antibodies Assays for Infliximab and Adalimumab Without Acid Dissociation.","authors":"Carley Karsten, Karin Grannas, Oskar Bergman, Robert Movérare, Matthew Roforth, Maria Alice V Willrich, Melissa R Snyder, Yifei K Yang","doi":"10.1208/s12248-024-00953-3","DOIUrl":"10.1208/s12248-024-00953-3","url":null,"abstract":"Monitoring anti-drug antibodies (ADAs) to infliximab and adalimumab is critical to treatment management in various autoimmune disorders. The growing need for proactive therapeutic monitoring further requires the detection of ADAs in the presence of measurable concentrations of infliximab or adalimumab. To provide robust analytical assays for clinical application, we evaluated two automated immunoassays developed using ImmunoCAP™ technology and based on the bridging format to measure serum ADAs to infliximab and adalimumab respectively. Without an acid-dissociation step, these research prototype assays can detect a positive control monoclonal ADA towards infliximab and adalimumab, ranging from < 25 ng/ml to 10,000 ng/mL. Both assays exhibit imprecision less than 20% at different ADA titer levels and can distinguish ADAs towards different drug targets. In method comparison using authentic patient samples, the quantitative results of the ADA assays are not directly comparable to two existing clinical immunoassays for ADAs (correlation coefficient rs = 0.673 for infliximab ADAs; rs = 0.510 for adalimumab ADAs), presumably due to the lack of commutable ADA standards and the polyclonal nature of ADAs. Nevertheless, there is qualitative agreement between the methods when evaluating putative positive and negative patient samples (overall agreement 0.83 for infliximab ADAs; 0.76 for adalimumab ADAs). Biotin and high levels of rheumatoid factors may interfere with the performance of the automated assays due to competitive binding with the biotinylated drug and non-specific formation of bridging complexes. The two ImmunoCAP assays can provide new analytical methods for proactive therapeutic monitoring of adalimumab and infliximab.","PeriodicalId":50934,"journal":{"name":"AAPS Journal","volume":"26 5","pages":"86"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141753291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of the Generic Drug User Fee Act (GDUFA) Program for Fiscal Years 2013-2022. 对 2013-2022 财政年度《非专利药品用户费法》（GDUFA）计划的评估。

IF 5 3区医学

AAPS Journal Pub Date : 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-024-00948-0

Erica L Friedman, Leah W Falade, Michael G Bartlett

{"title":"Evaluation of the Generic Drug User Fee Act (GDUFA) Program for Fiscal Years 2013-2022.","authors":"Erica L Friedman, Leah W Falade, Michael G Bartlett","doi":"10.1208/s12248-024-00948-0","DOIUrl":"10.1208/s12248-024-00948-0","url":null,"abstract":"The effectiveness of the regulatory initiatives, strategies, and incentives put forth in the first two authorizations of the Generic Drug User Fees Act (GDUFA) were evaluated using factors including the number of Abbreviated New Drug Application (ANDA) withdrawals and first-cycle approvals. GDUFA was originally authorized in 2012 for FY 2013-2017 (GDUFA I) and reauthorized for FY 2018-2022 (GDUFA II). ANDA approvals were analyzed from the Drugs @ FDA database covering 2013-2022. From the applications, the approval time, dosage form and route of administration (ROA), product indication, market status of the product, first generic status, company and company size filing the ANDA were noted. Despite the COVID pandemic, there was more than a 40% increase in ANDA approvals during GDUFA II relative to GDUFA I. Oral and parenteral drugs were the two leading categories of approved generics during both iterations of GDUFA. There was more than a 120% increase in withdrawn applications during GDUFA II, which reflects the partial refund that is now offered to incentivize companies to withdraw inadequate applications prior to review. This also appears to have contributed to an increase in the number of first-cycle approvals, which increased by 100% between GDUFA I and II. Due to the COVID-19 public health emergency, there was a decrease in activity within the generic drug program and market. Therefore, it is important to consider this impact when observing actual trends from this study.","PeriodicalId":50934,"journal":{"name":"AAPS Journal","volume":"26 5","pages":"85"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141753332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Immunogenicity of Atezolizumab: Influence of Testing Method and Sampling Frequency on Reported Anti-drug Antibody Incidence Rates. 阿特珠单抗的免疫原性：测试方法和抽样频率对报告的抗药抗体发生率的影响

IF 5 3区医学

AAPS Journal Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-024-00954-2

Maxime Usdin, Valerie Quarmby, James Zanghi, Coen Bernaards, Laura Liao, Joel Laxamana, Benjamin Wu, Steven Swanson, Yuan Song, Patty Siguenza

{"title":"Immunogenicity of Atezolizumab: Influence of Testing Method and Sampling Frequency on Reported Anti-drug Antibody Incidence Rates.","authors":"Maxime Usdin, Valerie Quarmby, James Zanghi, Coen Bernaards, Laura Liao, Joel Laxamana, Benjamin Wu, Steven Swanson, Yuan Song, Patty Siguenza","doi":"10.1208/s12248-024-00954-2","DOIUrl":"10.1208/s12248-024-00954-2","url":null,"abstract":"Measurement of anti-drug antibodies (ADA) to assess the incidence of ADA in a clinical trial is a critical step in immunogenicity assessment during the development of a protein therapeutic. We developed novel graphical approaches to illustrate clinical trial ADA data for the PD-L1 inhibitor atezolizumab (Tecentriq) that included a systematic analysis of the impact of the timing of ADA sampling and ADA assay drug tolerance on reported ADA incidence. We found that approaches used across the industry for ADA incidence analysis provide a limited view of immunogenicity in oncology studies, where ADA detection may be confounded by both drug dosage and patient attrition. Moreover, these approaches can miss important temporal information about the immune response. Our results demonstrated that the methodology of ADA assessment for the atezolizumab program was specifically designed to capture most ADA responses to ensure accurate reporting of ADA incidence. We further showed that the use of sparse sampling and/or ADA test methods with insufficient drug tolerance may result in a significant underreporting of ADA incidence. We conclude that the comparison of ADA incidence between different drugs can be highly misleading and that a test method with appropriate sensitivity in the presence of the drug and a clinical sampling scheme that is aligned with ADA responses to a drug is required to accurately report ADA incidence.","PeriodicalId":50934,"journal":{"name":"AAPS Journal","volume":"26 4","pages":"84"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141621742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0