Systems Engineering最新文献_第2页

Impact of graph energy on a measurement of resilience for tipping points in complex systems 图能对复杂系统临界点复原力测量的影响

Systems Engineering Pub Date : 2024-02-10 DOI: 10.1002/sys.21749

Christine M. Edwards, Roshi Rose Nilchiani, Ian M. Miller

{"title":"Impact of graph energy on a measurement of resilience for tipping points in complex systems","authors":"Christine M. Edwards, Roshi Rose Nilchiani, Ian M. Miller","doi":"10.1002/sys.21749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sys.21749","url":null,"abstract":"Societies depend on various complex and highly interconnected systems, leading to increasing interest in methods for managing the resilience of these complex systems and the risks associated with their disruption or failure. Identifying and localizing tipping points, or phase transitions, in complex systems is essential for predicting system behavior but a difficult challenge when there are many interacting elements. Systems may transition from stable to unstable at critical tipping‐point thresholds and potentially collapse. One of the suggested approaches in literature is to measure a complex system's resilience to collapse by modeling the system as a network, reducing the network behavior to a simpler model, and then measuring the resulting model's stability. In particular, Gao and colleagues introduced a methodology in 2016 that introduces a resilience index to measure precariousness (the distance to tipping points). However, those mathematical reductions can cause information loss from reducing the topological complexity of the system. Herein, the authors introduce a new methodology that more‐accurately predicts the location of tipping points in networked systems and their precariousness with respect to those tipping points by integrating two approaches: (1) a new measurement of a system's topological complexity using graph energy (created based on molecular orbital theory) and; (2) the resilience index method from Gao et al. This new approach is tested in three separate case studies involving ecosystem collapse, supply chain sustainability, and disruptive technology. Results show a shift in tipping‐point locations correlated with graph energy. The authors present an equation that corrects errors introduced as a result of the model reduction, providing a measurement of precariousness that gives insight into how a complex system's topology affects the location of its tipping points.","PeriodicalId":509213,"journal":{"name":"Systems Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139786359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impact of graph energy on a measurement of resilience for tipping points in complex systems 图能对复杂系统临界点复原力测量的影响

Systems Engineering Pub Date : 2024-02-10 DOI: 10.1002/sys.21749

Christine M. Edwards, Roshi Rose Nilchiani, Ian M. Miller

{"title":"Impact of graph energy on a measurement of resilience for tipping points in complex systems","authors":"Christine M. Edwards, Roshi Rose Nilchiani, Ian M. Miller","doi":"10.1002/sys.21749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sys.21749","url":null,"abstract":"Societies depend on various complex and highly interconnected systems, leading to increasing interest in methods for managing the resilience of these complex systems and the risks associated with their disruption or failure. Identifying and localizing tipping points, or phase transitions, in complex systems is essential for predicting system behavior but a difficult challenge when there are many interacting elements. Systems may transition from stable to unstable at critical tipping‐point thresholds and potentially collapse. One of the suggested approaches in literature is to measure a complex system's resilience to collapse by modeling the system as a network, reducing the network behavior to a simpler model, and then measuring the resulting model's stability. In particular, Gao and colleagues introduced a methodology in 2016 that introduces a resilience index to measure precariousness (the distance to tipping points). However, those mathematical reductions can cause information loss from reducing the topological complexity of the system. Herein, the authors introduce a new methodology that more‐accurately predicts the location of tipping points in networked systems and their precariousness with respect to those tipping points by integrating two approaches: (1) a new measurement of a system's topological complexity using graph energy (created based on molecular orbital theory) and; (2) the resilience index method from Gao et al. This new approach is tested in three separate case studies involving ecosystem collapse, supply chain sustainability, and disruptive technology. Results show a shift in tipping‐point locations correlated with graph energy. The authors present an equation that corrects errors introduced as a result of the model reduction, providing a measurement of precariousness that gives insight into how a complex system's topology affects the location of its tipping points.","PeriodicalId":509213,"journal":{"name":"Systems Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139846182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Challenges for trustworthy autonomous vehicles: Let us learn from life 值得信赖的自动驾驶汽车面临的挑战：让我们从生活中学习

Systems Engineering Pub Date : 2024-02-08 DOI: 10.1002/sys.21744

Imke Hoppe, Willem Hagemann, Ingo Stierand, Axel Hahn, Andre Bolles

{"title":"Challenges for trustworthy autonomous vehicles: Let us learn from life","authors":"Imke Hoppe, Willem Hagemann, Ingo Stierand, Axel Hahn, Andre Bolles","doi":"10.1002/sys.21744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sys.21744","url":null,"abstract":"Current surveys indicate limited public and individual trust in autonomous vehicles despite a long tradition to ensure their (technical) trustworthiness in informatics and systems engineering. To address this trust gap, this article explores the underlying reasons. The article elaborates on the gap between trust understood as a social phenomenon and, in contrast, the research tradition aimed at guaranteeing (technical) trustworthiness. It discusses to what extent those research traditions in the social sciences and humanities have been recognized and reflected in systems engineering research to date. Trust, according to the current state of research in the social sciences and humanities, heavily relies on individual assessments of an autonomous vehicle's abilities, benevolence and integrity. By contrast, technical trustworthiness is defined as the sum of intersubjective, measurable, technical parameters. They describe certain abilities or properties of a system, often according to respective technical standards and norms. This article places the “explainability” of autonomous systems in a bridging role. Explainability can help to conceptualize an integrative trust layer to communicate a system's abilities, benevolence and integrity. As such, explainability should respect the individual and situational needs of users, and should therefore be responsive. In conclusion, the results demonstrate that “learning from life” requires extensive interdisciplinary collaboration with neighboring research fields. This novel perspective on trustworthiness aligns existing research areas. It delves deeper into the conceptual “how”, dives into the intricacies and showcases (missing) interconnectedness in the state of research.","PeriodicalId":509213,"journal":{"name":"Systems Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139793196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Challenges for trustworthy autonomous vehicles: Let us learn from life 值得信赖的自动驾驶汽车面临的挑战：让我们从生活中学习

Systems Engineering Pub Date : 2024-02-08 DOI: 10.1002/sys.21744

Imke Hoppe, Willem Hagemann, Ingo Stierand, Axel Hahn, Andre Bolles

{"title":"Challenges for trustworthy autonomous vehicles: Let us learn from life","authors":"Imke Hoppe, Willem Hagemann, Ingo Stierand, Axel Hahn, Andre Bolles","doi":"10.1002/sys.21744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sys.21744","url":null,"abstract":"Current surveys indicate limited public and individual trust in autonomous vehicles despite a long tradition to ensure their (technical) trustworthiness in informatics and systems engineering. To address this trust gap, this article explores the underlying reasons. The article elaborates on the gap between trust understood as a social phenomenon and, in contrast, the research tradition aimed at guaranteeing (technical) trustworthiness. It discusses to what extent those research traditions in the social sciences and humanities have been recognized and reflected in systems engineering research to date. Trust, according to the current state of research in the social sciences and humanities, heavily relies on individual assessments of an autonomous vehicle's abilities, benevolence and integrity. By contrast, technical trustworthiness is defined as the sum of intersubjective, measurable, technical parameters. They describe certain abilities or properties of a system, often according to respective technical standards and norms. This article places the “explainability” of autonomous systems in a bridging role. Explainability can help to conceptualize an integrative trust layer to communicate a system's abilities, benevolence and integrity. As such, explainability should respect the individual and situational needs of users, and should therefore be responsive. In conclusion, the results demonstrate that “learning from life” requires extensive interdisciplinary collaboration with neighboring research fields. This novel perspective on trustworthiness aligns existing research areas. It delves deeper into the conceptual “how”, dives into the intricacies and showcases (missing) interconnectedness in the state of research.","PeriodicalId":509213,"journal":{"name":"Systems Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139853106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The SoS conductor: Orchestrating resources with iterative agent‐based reinforcement learning SoS 指挥官：利用基于迭代代理的强化学习协调资源

Systems Engineering Pub Date : 2024-02-07 DOI: 10.1002/sys.21747

Qiliang Chen, Babak Heydari

引用次数: 0

The SoS conductor: Orchestrating resources with iterative agent‐based reinforcement learning SoS 指挥官：利用基于迭代代理的强化学习协调资源

Systems Engineering Pub Date : 2024-02-07 DOI: 10.1002/sys.21747

Qiliang Chen, Babak Heydari

引用次数: 0

Mapping industry workforce needs to academic curricula – A workforce development effort in model‐based systems engineering 将行业劳动力需求与学术课程相匹配--基于模型的系统工程的劳动力开发工作

Systems Engineering Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1002/sys.21745

Aditya Akundi, Wilma Ankobiah

{"title":"Mapping industry workforce needs to academic curricula – A workforce development effort in model‐based systems engineering","authors":"Aditya Akundi, Wilma Ankobiah","doi":"10.1002/sys.21745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sys.21745","url":null,"abstract":"Model‐based systems engineering (MBSE) is rapidly gaining popularity among U.S. industries. Though industry practitioners and academic researchers have identified several advantages in transitioning to MBSE, several adoption challenges of MBSE in industries, such as insufficient tool knowledge, lack of skilled personnel, and resistance in organizations toward a shift to MBSE, are observed. Attesting to the challenges in industry adoption of MBSE, a previous research study by the authors characterized the adoption challenges as tools‐based, knowledge‐based, cultural, political, and cost‐related, and customer understanding and acceptance of MBSE practices. This study is motivated to explore further and address the challenge of low MBSE tool knowledge and lack of skilled personnel with MBSE knowledge for industry adoption. This paper presents a two‐phased research approach framed by an overarching question of the extent to which the MBSE academic curriculum is aligned with industry workforce requirements. In Phase 1 of the study, we survey industry professionals from Defense, Aerospace, Automotive, and other industry clusters to identify MBSE tools, languages, and concepts preferred by industry professionals in a candidate for hire. This is followed by Phase 2 of the survey targeted at academic institutions with Systems and MBSE programs to analyze the extent to which MBSE curricula reflect industry workforce hiring requirements. Further, we also identify the challenges reported in academic institutions in training the Workforce on MBSE. The contributions of this paper are two‐fold: providing a pathway for academic institutions to align their curricula to MBSE industry workforce requirements and triggering discussion in the broader MBSE community to identify strategies for addressing MBSE adoption challenges and training future model‐based systems engineers.","PeriodicalId":509213,"journal":{"name":"Systems Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139885885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mapping industry workforce needs to academic curricula – A workforce development effort in model‐based systems engineering 将行业劳动力需求与学术课程相匹配--基于模型的系统工程的劳动力开发工作

Systems Engineering Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1002/sys.21745

Aditya Akundi, Wilma Ankobiah

{"title":"Mapping industry workforce needs to academic curricula – A workforce development effort in model‐based systems engineering","authors":"Aditya Akundi, Wilma Ankobiah","doi":"10.1002/sys.21745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sys.21745","url":null,"abstract":"Model‐based systems engineering (MBSE) is rapidly gaining popularity among U.S. industries. Though industry practitioners and academic researchers have identified several advantages in transitioning to MBSE, several adoption challenges of MBSE in industries, such as insufficient tool knowledge, lack of skilled personnel, and resistance in organizations toward a shift to MBSE, are observed. Attesting to the challenges in industry adoption of MBSE, a previous research study by the authors characterized the adoption challenges as tools‐based, knowledge‐based, cultural, political, and cost‐related, and customer understanding and acceptance of MBSE practices. This study is motivated to explore further and address the challenge of low MBSE tool knowledge and lack of skilled personnel with MBSE knowledge for industry adoption. This paper presents a two‐phased research approach framed by an overarching question of the extent to which the MBSE academic curriculum is aligned with industry workforce requirements. In Phase 1 of the study, we survey industry professionals from Defense, Aerospace, Automotive, and other industry clusters to identify MBSE tools, languages, and concepts preferred by industry professionals in a candidate for hire. This is followed by Phase 2 of the survey targeted at academic institutions with Systems and MBSE programs to analyze the extent to which MBSE curricula reflect industry workforce hiring requirements. Further, we also identify the challenges reported in academic institutions in training the Workforce on MBSE. The contributions of this paper are two‐fold: providing a pathway for academic institutions to align their curricula to MBSE industry workforce requirements and triggering discussion in the broader MBSE community to identify strategies for addressing MBSE adoption challenges and training future model‐based systems engineers.","PeriodicalId":509213,"journal":{"name":"Systems Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139826147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Leveraging epoch‐era analysis and digital twin for effective system concept and execution: A CO2 storage salt‐cave project 利用划时代分析和数字孪生技术实现有效的系统概念和执行：二氧化碳封存盐穴项目

Systems Engineering Pub Date : 2023-12-30 DOI: 10.1002/sys.21741

Daniel P. Vieira, Í. A. Fonseca, Kazuo Nishimoto, Gustavo R. S. Assi, Henrique M. Gaspar, Donna H. Rhodes

{"title":"Leveraging epoch‐era analysis and digital twin for effective system concept and execution: A CO2 storage salt‐cave project","authors":"Daniel P. Vieira, Í. A. Fonseca, Kazuo Nishimoto, Gustavo R. S. Assi, Henrique M. Gaspar, Donna H. Rhodes","doi":"10.1002/sys.21741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sys.21741","url":null,"abstract":"With the demand to reduce the release of CO2‐rich gases into the atmosphere, the offshore industry is turning to systems for gas capture and storage. The construction of a cave for that purpose is planned in the salt layer of the Santos Basin, Brazil; however, numerous factors bring uncertainties to the project. We propose combining systems engineering methods and digital twin technology to enable system concept and execution aiming at value robustness. The system is modeled in mission, subsystems, components, and design attributes. System utilities and costs are estimated for a range of viable solutions based on the relevance of each attribute to the stakeholders. The alternatives are evaluated using the Epoch‐Era Analysis framework for analyzing the system's performance over time in changing future scenarios. The system model also outlines a digital twin concept and identifies how it might support salt cave design and operations. Finally, the potential of tuning and improving system evaluation based on gathered data is examined, and measures toward further digital twin development are recommended.","PeriodicalId":509213,"journal":{"name":"Systems Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139140922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Path to modeling dynamic performance shaping factors in nuclear power plants operation – A review 核电站运行中动态性能影响因素的建模路径 - 综述

Systems Engineering Pub Date : 2023-12-27 DOI: 10.1002/sys.21742

Zhihui Xu, Gaoguang Yang, Yi Lu, Jiaxin Xue, Guanyin Wu, Bingxuan Ren, Shan Fu

{"title":"Path to modeling dynamic performance shaping factors in nuclear power plants operation – A review","authors":"Zhihui Xu, Gaoguang Yang, Yi Lu, Jiaxin Xue, Guanyin Wu, Bingxuan Ren, Shan Fu","doi":"10.1002/sys.21742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sys.21742","url":null,"abstract":"The evolution of the mechanism of human behavior formation analysis has significantly influenced the development of human reliability analysis (HRA), which aims to calculate human error probability (HEP) with performance shaping factors (PSFs). This paper reviews the typical HRA methods in different generations, the role of PSFs, and their interrelation‐ships in human risk modeling, with the background of nuclear power plants (NPPs). In a retrospective of typical HRA methods, PSF plays a fundamental role in assessing human performance during task operation. However, the subjectivity in defining and evaluating PSFs often leads to a partial representation of human behavior characteristics and human risk evolution, resulting in the neglect of PSF inter‐relationships and conservative HEP estimation. Recent studies have emphasized employing simulation platforms to simulate the task process and obtain data relevant to PSFs that can enable the exploration of the mutual effects to support the calculation of HEP more accurately. Compared to certain previous methods involving over‐simplification and inappropriate assumptions resulting in inaccurate results, current HRA methods are prone to the construction of HEP models based on objective data acquisition and dynamic calculations with process models. This shift enables a better illustration of the intricate relationships among PSFs. Reflecting on the current trend of HRA methodology, this paper proposes a possible PSF quantification based on physiological measurement providing accessible and objective data. It improves the shortcomings in data scarcity and time‐invariance of HEP calculation, thus more accurately and realistically responds to the accumulation and fluctuation of human risks throughout a task.","PeriodicalId":509213,"journal":{"name":"Systems Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139153466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0