Geosciences最新文献_第5页

Pit Lake Slope Stability under Water Level Variations 水位变化下的坑湖边坡稳定性

Geosciences Pub Date : 2024-05-24 DOI: 10.3390/geosciences14060142

E. Steiakakis, Georgios Syllignakis, Michail Galetakis, D. Vavadakis, Vincent Renaud, M. Al Heib, Jan Burda

{"title":"Pit Lake Slope Stability under Water Level Variations","authors":"E. Steiakakis, Georgios Syllignakis, Michail Galetakis, D. Vavadakis, Vincent Renaud, M. Al Heib, Jan Burda","doi":"10.3390/geosciences14060142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences14060142","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the results of a geotechnical investigation regarding the slope stability in a pit lake, emphasizing the impact of water level variations. Advanced analysis techniques were utilized for this study. The research was performed by using fully coupled flow-deformation analyses. For the fully coupled approach, Bishop’s effective-stress equation was used, and for the description of soil hydraulic behavior, the Van Genuchten’s model was applied. The analysis of slope stability associated with reservoir water level changes revealed that the slope tended to become unstable as the water level decreased; the stability factor was negatively related to the rate of water level reduction. Concerning the water level fluctuations, the analyses revealed that the soil mass seemed to become less stable as the rate of water level change increased. Under a specific range of rates of water level variation, the safety factor became higher as the number of fluctuations increased. Additionally, the simulation results concerning the water level rising indicate that the pressure due to the external water level acts on the slope surface with a positive impact on the stability factor. The results obtained reflect the effects under a specific site condition, but they can be used as a reference for evaluating slope stability in a pit lake design.","PeriodicalId":509137,"journal":{"name":"Geosciences","volume":"1 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141099427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Geological and Geochemical Characterization of Variscan Pegmatites in the Sidi Bou Othmane District, Central Jebilet Province, Morocco 摩洛哥中杰比莱特省 Sidi Bou Othmane 地区碎屑岩伟晶岩的地质和地球化学特征

Geosciences Pub Date : 2024-05-24 DOI: 10.3390/geosciences14060144

Amina Wafik, Nouamane El Aouad, Youssef Daafi, Yousra Morsli, Marouane Chniouar, R. Punturo, Aida Maria Conte, Daniela Guglietta, Wissale Aba Sidi

{"title":"Geological and Geochemical Characterization of Variscan Pegmatites in the Sidi Bou Othmane District, Central Jebilet Province, Morocco","authors":"Amina Wafik, Nouamane El Aouad, Youssef Daafi, Yousra Morsli, Marouane Chniouar, R. Punturo, Aida Maria Conte, Daniela Guglietta, Wissale Aba Sidi","doi":"10.3390/geosciences14060144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences14060144","url":null,"abstract":"The Sidi Bou Othmane (SBO) pegmatite district is situated in the Central Jebilet massif, Western Meseta domain, Morocco. The SBO district is hosted essentially in a volcano-sedimentary series composed of Late-Devonian Sarhlef shales. Pegmatite bodies crop out as dykes, which are oriented from N-S to E-W and are generally variably deformed with ductile and/or brittle structures with ante, syn- or post-kinematic criteria. Petrographic observations of pegmatite dykes show that feldspars (i.e., albite, microcline) are the most abundant mineral phases, followed by quartz and micas, with tourmaline and accessory minerals such as garnet, and zircon also featuring heavily, as well as secondary minerals such as clinochlore, sericite, and illite. The geochemical study of the SBO pegmatites indicates that they have mainly S-type granitic compositions, which are peraluminous granites with calc-alkalic affinities. The study of trace elements indicates that SBO pegmatites were formed in post-orogenic syn-collision context during the Variscan orogeny by the partial melting of argilliferous sediment. They can be ascribed to the muscovite-bearing pegmatite; moreover, they have good potential regarding ceramics. They also contain minerals, such as feldspar, which have been recently assessed as critical raw materials by the European Union.","PeriodicalId":509137,"journal":{"name":"Geosciences","volume":"1 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141099414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Induced Partial Saturation: From Mechanical Principles to Engineering Design of an Innovative and Eco-Friendly Countermeasure against Earthquake-Induced Soil Liquefaction 诱导部分饱和：从力学原理到工程设计：针对地震诱发土壤液化的创新型生态友好对策

Geosciences Pub Date : 2024-05-23 DOI: 10.3390/geosciences14060140

L. Mele, S. Lirer, Alessandro Flora

{"title":"Induced Partial Saturation: From Mechanical Principles to Engineering Design of an Innovative and Eco-Friendly Countermeasure against Earthquake-Induced Soil Liquefaction","authors":"L. Mele, S. Lirer, Alessandro Flora","doi":"10.3390/geosciences14060140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences14060140","url":null,"abstract":"Earthquake-induced soil liquefaction is a catastrophic phenomenon that can damage existing building foundations and other structures, resulting in significant economic losses. Traditional mitigation techniques against liquefaction present critical aspects, such as high construction costs, impact on surrounding infrastructure and effects on the surrounding environment. Therefore, research is ongoing in order to develop new approaches and technologies suitable to mitigate liquefaction risk. Among the innovative countermeasures against liquefaction, Induced Partial Saturation (IPS) is considered one of the most promising technologies. It consists of introducing gas/air bubbles into the pore water of sandy soils in order to increase the compressibility of the fluid phase and then enhance liquefaction resistance. IPS is economical, eco-friendly and suitable for urbanised areas, where the need to reduce the risk of liquefaction must be addressed, taking into account the integrity of existing buildings. However, IPS is still far from being a routine technology since more aspects should be better understood. The main aim of this review is to raise some important questions and encourage further research and discussions on this topic. The review first analyses and discusses the effects of air/gas bubbles on the cyclic behaviour of sandy soils, focusing on the soil volume element scale and then extending the considerations to the real scale. The use of useful design charts is also described. Moreover, a section will be devoted to the effect of IPS under shallow foundations. The readers will fully understand the research trend of IPS liquefaction mitigation and will be encouraged to further explore new practical aspects to overcome the application difficulties and contribute to spreading the use of this technology.","PeriodicalId":509137,"journal":{"name":"Geosciences","volume":"15 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141104754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Digital Promotion of Geoheritage along a Tourist Route in M’Goun UNESCO Geopark (Central High Atlas, Morocco) and Visitor Typology Analysis 姆古恩联合国教科文组织地质公园（摩洛哥高阿特拉斯中部）旅游路线沿线地质遗产的数字化宣传和游客类型分析

Geosciences Pub Date : 2024-05-23 DOI: 10.3390/geosciences14060141

Nisrine Kchikach, H. Ibouh, Abderrahim Benali, Anas Charbaoui, Abdelhafid El Alaoui El Fels

{"title":"Digital Promotion of Geoheritage along a Tourist Route in M’Goun UNESCO Geopark (Central High Atlas, Morocco) and Visitor Typology Analysis","authors":"Nisrine Kchikach, H. Ibouh, Abderrahim Benali, Anas Charbaoui, Abdelhafid El Alaoui El Fels","doi":"10.3390/geosciences14060141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences14060141","url":null,"abstract":"In the digital era, highlighting the heritage resources of a mountainous region involves describing and advertising them to promote their visibility and attractiveness. Previous studies mainly assess the natural resources of such regions through a multi-indicator descriptive evaluation. This study aims to develop an effective evaluation of such indicators along the main tourist route of the M’Goun UNESCO Global Geopark, located in the central High Atlas of Morocco. The implementation of an experiential method to assess the tourism characteristics of this region is a notable aspect of our study. It includes analyzing the criteria for choosing this destination by segmenting tourists’ consumption experiences. Statistical data analysis has identified five dimensions of destination choice and four visitor groups. Additionally, we created an interactive map and made it accessible online to promote the natural geoheritage of this region. This article proposes to discuss the findings of this research and their applicability in terms of tourism destination management and decision-making, which can assist local governments in allocating tourism resources and land use rationally.","PeriodicalId":509137,"journal":{"name":"Geosciences","volume":"16 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141107005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Compositional Diversity of Early Mesozoic Granites in South Qinling: Derivation from Heterogenous Basement Rocks in the Orogenic Belt 南秦岭早中生代花岗岩成分多样性：造山带异质基底岩石的衍生

Geosciences Pub Date : 2024-05-18 DOI: 10.3390/geosciences14050138

Risheng Ye, Weiyong Li, Dongyang Huo, Jingxin Zhao, Xiguang Huang, Jun He, Fukun Chen

{"title":"Compositional Diversity of Early Mesozoic Granites in South Qinling: Derivation from Heterogenous Basement Rocks in the Orogenic Belt","authors":"Risheng Ye, Weiyong Li, Dongyang Huo, Jingxin Zhao, Xiguang Huang, Jun He, Fukun Chen","doi":"10.3390/geosciences14050138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences14050138","url":null,"abstract":"Granitic rocks forming in the syn- to post-orogenic stages can trace the compositional and structural complexity of the crust beneath an orogenic belt. The Qinling orogenic belt undertook multiple stages of tectonics and magmatism, resulting in the multifaceted evolution and compositional diversity of the crust. In the present study, the Guangtoushan and Miba plutons in South Qinling were chosen to reveal the crustal heterogeneity in study area via isotopic geochemistry and zircon geochronology. The Guangtoushan pluton was emplaced between ~215 Ma and ~202 Ma and the Miba pluton formed at ~213 Ma, as constrained by zircon U-Pb isotopic dating. Granitic rocks of the Miba pluton are characterized by amphibole bearing and homogeneous composition, with relatively depleted Sr-Nd isotopic compositions (initial 87Sr/86Sr values of 0.7060 to 0.7084 and initial εNd values of −5.4 to −9.5) and high Pb isotopic values. The Guangtoushan pluton contains muscovite and complex inherited zircon grains and has variable Sr-Nd isotopic composition (initial 87Sr/86Sr values of 0.7050 to 0.7091 and initial εNd values of −4.5 to −12.9) and low Pb isotopic values. Felsic magmas of the Guangtoushan pluton should be derived mainly from meta-sedimentary rocks beneath South Qinling, while the Miba pluton originated primarily from partial melting of meta-igneous rocks. The compositional diversity recorded in the Early Mesozoic plutons was caused by the heterogeneous crust, and partial melting was induced by heating of the up-welling asthenosphere in a post-collision setting.","PeriodicalId":509137,"journal":{"name":"Geosciences","volume":"114 39","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141125561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Correction Factors to Account for Seismic Directionality Effects: Case Study of the Costa Rican Strong Motion Database 考虑地震方向性影响的校正因子：哥斯达黎加强震数据库案例研究

Geosciences Pub Date : 2024-05-18 DOI: 10.3390/geosciences14050139

L. Pinzón, D. Hidalgo-Leiva, L. Pujades

{"title":"Correction Factors to Account for Seismic Directionality Effects: Case Study of the Costa Rican Strong Motion Database","authors":"L. Pinzón, D. Hidalgo-Leiva, L. Pujades","doi":"10.3390/geosciences14050139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences14050139","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents the findings of a study on the directionality effect observed in strong motion records. We set out to establish ratios between several seismic intensity measures that depend on sensor orientation (e.g., GMar, Larger) and others that are orientation-independent (e.g., RotDpp, GMRotDpp, and GMRotIpp), with the intention of proposing multiplicative correction factors. The analysis included an evaluation of the impact of site conditions, ground motion intensity, earthquake magnitude, and hypocentral distance on these ratios. Following a concise overview of the directionality effects and the associated intensity measures, the Costa Rican Strong Motion Database, comprising a total of 4199 horizontal accelerograms (two components), was employed to determine the correction factors. The analysis was carried out for 5% damped response spectra within the 0.01–5 s period range. The study focuses on orientation-independent intensity measures that are derived by combining the maximum values from the recorded motions. In the comprehensive analysis of the complete database, a trend was observed between these intensity measures and the magnitude of the earthquake along with the hypocentral distance. Specifically, records from earthquakes with greater magnitudes exhibited a lower maximum spectral response to the geometric mean of the response spectra of the as-recorded (ar) components ratio (RotD100/GMar), similar to records from earthquakes with larger hypocentral distances. Based on these findings, a proposal was put forth to estimate RotD100 values using GMar values. This ratio can prove useful in transforming data from previous seismic hazard studies, including those applied in many seismic codes, and in defining the maximum anticipated seismic intensity for design purposes in a more straightforward manner.","PeriodicalId":509137,"journal":{"name":"Geosciences","volume":"121 43","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141125103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Estimation of Shear Wave Velocity for Shallow Underground Structures in the Central Himalaya Region of Nepal 尼泊尔喜马拉雅中部地区浅层地下建筑的剪切波速度估算

Geosciences Pub Date : 2024-05-16 DOI: 10.3390/geosciences14050137

Umesh Jung Thapa, Satish Paudel, Umesh Chandra Bhusal, Hari Ghimire, S. S. Khadka

{"title":"The Estimation of Shear Wave Velocity for Shallow Underground Structures in the Central Himalaya Region of Nepal","authors":"Umesh Jung Thapa, Satish Paudel, Umesh Chandra Bhusal, Hari Ghimire, S. S. Khadka","doi":"10.3390/geosciences14050137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences14050137","url":null,"abstract":"A subsurface investigation was conducted to assess the suitability of a site for potential tunnel construction, focusing on the determination of shear wave velocities (Vs) in subsurface materials. This study employed three distinct methods to analyze Vs in weathered soft rock: drilling mechanism, multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW), and microtremor array measurement (MAM). Through the utilization of MASW and MAM, empirical relationships were established, enabling the determination of Vs based solely on soil type and depth, offering a practical alternative to the limitations of SPT N-Value, particularly when exceeding 50 blows. The comparison of Vs values obtained from these methods revealed a close alignment between empirical techniques and MASW/MAM, which proved to be cost-effective and an efficient alternative to drilling for comprehensive underground structure assessments. The reliability of MASW was further underscored through its comparison with existing empirical methods. Moreover, the empirical approach demonstrated its efficacy in predicting velocities in weathered soft rock within the Central Himalayan region of Nepal, thus enhancing the feasibility study of underground structures. Lastly, this study proposed a Vs-Depth correlation specifically tailored for highly weathered meta-sandstone bedrock resulting in clay and sandy soils.","PeriodicalId":509137,"journal":{"name":"Geosciences","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140966783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Annual Coastal Boulder Mobility Detected in 2017–2021 Remote Sensing Imagery and Its Relation to Marine Storms (Gulf of Taranto, Mediterranean Sea) 2017-2021 年遥感图像中探测到的年度沿海大石移动及其与海洋风暴的关系（地中海塔兰托湾）

Geosciences Pub Date : 2024-05-15 DOI: 10.3390/geosciences14050136

M. Delle Rose

引用次数: 0

Kinematics and Controlling Factors of Slow-Moving Landslides in Central Texas: A Multisource Data Fusion Approach 德克萨斯州中部缓慢移动的山体滑坡的运动学和控制因素：多源数据融合方法

Geosciences Pub Date : 2024-05-14 DOI: 10.3390/geosciences14050133

Esayas Gebremichael, Rosbeidy Hernandez, Helge Alsleben, Mohamed Ahmed, Richard Denne, Omar Harvey

{"title":"Kinematics and Controlling Factors of Slow-Moving Landslides in Central Texas: A Multisource Data Fusion Approach","authors":"Esayas Gebremichael, Rosbeidy Hernandez, Helge Alsleben, Mohamed Ahmed, Richard Denne, Omar Harvey","doi":"10.3390/geosciences14050133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences14050133","url":null,"abstract":"The Austin metropolitan area has experienced unprecedented economic and population growth over the past two decades. This rapid growth is leading communities to settle in areas susceptible to landslides, necessitating a comprehensive analysis of landslide risks and the development of early warning systems. This could be accomplished with better confidence for slow-moving landslides, whose occurrences could be forecasted by monitoring precursory ground displacement. This study employed a combination of ground- and satellite-based observations and techniques to assess the kinematics of slow-moving landslides and identify the controlling and triggering factors that contribute to their occurrence. By closely examining landslide events in the Shoal Creek area, potential failure modes across the study area were inferred. The findings revealed that landslide-prone areas are undergoing creep deformation at an extremely slow rate (up to −4.29 mm/yr). These areas lie on moderate to steep slopes (>22°) and are predominantly composed of clay-rich units belonging to the Del Rio and Eagle Ford formations. Based on the incidents at Shoal Creek, episodes of intense rainfall acting on the landslide-prone areas are determined to be the main trigger for landslide processes in the region.","PeriodicalId":509137,"journal":{"name":"Geosciences","volume":"111 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140977771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Geoheritage Value of Three Localities from Kislovodsk in the Southern Central Ciscaucasus: A Resource of Large Resort Area 中西高加索南部基斯洛沃茨克三个地方的地质遗产价值：大型度假区资源

Geosciences Pub Date : 2024-05-14 DOI: 10.3390/geosciences14050134

N. Yashalova, D. Ruban

{"title":"Geoheritage Value of Three Localities from Kislovodsk in the Southern Central Ciscaucasus: A Resource of Large Resort Area","authors":"N. Yashalova, D. Ruban","doi":"10.3390/geosciences14050134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences14050134","url":null,"abstract":"Many geographical domains possess notable geological and geomorphological features, which are yet to be characterized comprehensively in terms of geoheritage. The present study focuses on the Kislovodsk area, which is situated in the southern part of the Central Ciscaucasus (post-Paleozoic platform), where the latter joins to the Greater Caucasus (late Cenozoic orogen). Three geosites are reported from there, and their qualitative description and semi-quantitative, score-based assessment are offered. The Honey Waterfalls represent an example of river erosion affecting Carboniferous granitoids with uppermost Jurassic weathering horizon and overlain by Lower Cretaceous carbonates. The Ring Mountain is a natural arch formed as result of wind erosion. The Little Saddle is a viewpoint offering a spectacular, panoramic view toward the Elbrus Mountain that is the highest peak of Russia and Europe and an impressive dormant stratovolcano. The Honey Waterfalls and the Ring Mountain are ranked nationally (the latter receives the highest total scores), and the Little Saddle is ranked regionally. These geosites are diverse in several aspects, and, particularly, different geoheritage types and forms are established. The Kislovodsk area bearing the reported geoheritage objects is a part of the Mineralnye Vody resort area, which is large and important for the national tourism and recreation industry. The related opportunities and challenges for geoheritage resource management have to be considered.","PeriodicalId":509137,"journal":{"name":"Geosciences","volume":"26 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140979754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0