Acta Carsologica最新文献

{"title":"17th International Symposium on Microbial Ecology - ISME 17","authors":"J. Mulec","doi":"10.3986/ac.v48i3.7713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3986/ac.v48i3.7713","url":null,"abstract":"ISME meetings have been organ­ized regularly since 1977, and in 1986 the 4th ISME was hosted by Ljubljana. The 17th ISME was in Leipzig, Germa­ny, where 2250 delegates from 60 countries met. Dur­ing the symposium eight plenary lectures, 26 different sections and three days of poster presentations were or­ganized. A participant could choose one of six or seven simultaneously running sections daily which covered an extremely wide set of microbial ecology from evo­lution, modeling of microbial interactions, review on new and existing metabolic pathways, (meta)genomics, interactions between microbes and hosts, biogeochemi­cal cycles, bioinformatics, new methods and innovative bioremediation procedures. It became clearly evident that microbial ecology can offer some answers to many urgent global issues. Some interesting highlights from the symposium are given below.","PeriodicalId":50905,"journal":{"name":"Acta Carsologica","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41372686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Origin of the Jezero v Ledvicah lake; a depression in a gutter-shaped karstic aquifer (Julian Alps, NW Slovenia)","authors":"B. Rožič, Tomislav Popit, L. Gale, T. Verbovšek, Ines Vidmar, M. Dolenec, P. Ž. Rožič","doi":"10.3986/ac.v48i3.7446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3986/ac.v48i3.7446","url":null,"abstract":"The Julian Alps are composed almost exclusively of Triassic to Lower Jurassic carbonates, which results in a karstified high-al­pine landscape. In such settings, large water accumulations are not expected and precipitated water drains vertically, gathers in deep, large-scale aquifers, and outflows in large karstic springs located in deeply incised valleys. Some small lakes, however, exist in high alpine areas. Most commonly, they formed above impermeable glacial sediments and are generally characterized by stagnant waters. Jezero v Ledvicah lake, which is one of the seven lakes in the Triglav Lakes Valley, is an exception, because it shows high subaqueous water inflow and outflow and occurs among highly karstified and permeable carbonates. Combining previous research with our new, detailed geological mapping of the lake surroundings and sedimentary research on the Lower Jurassic strata, we propose a hydrogeological model with the aim of explaining the extraordinary behaviour of the lake. We propose that Jezero v Ledvicah lake: A) is part of the “gutter-shaped” aquifer with perched groundwater that is situated below the floor of the Triglav Lakes Valley; B) barriers of the aquifer are structural (faults and thrust) and stratigraphic (clay interlayers in Lower Jurassic limestone); C) the lake formed in a structural, hydrogeological and morphological depression within this aquifer; D) the groundwater of the aquifer is re­charged not solely from the surface directly above the aquifer but additionally by subterraneous inflow from the overlying Slatna Nappe aquifer; and E) groundwater outflows from the aquifer at the southern end of the Triglav Lakes Valley, where the Lower Jurassic limestone pinches out.Key words: high-alpine lake, karstic aquifer, Julian Alps, Triglav Lakes Valley, Jurassic limestone, Southern Alps.Nastanek Jezera v Ledvicah – globel v žlebu podobnem kraskem vodonosniku (Julijske Alpe, SZ Slovenija)Julijske Alpe skoraj v celoti sestavljajo triasni in jurski karbonati, kar se odraža v morfologiji kraske visokogorske pokrajine. V tovrstnih razmerah ni pricakovati vecjih povrsinskih pojavov vode, saj padavinska voda pronica vertikalno in se akumulira v obsežnih globokih vodonosnikih, iz teh pa izteka v izdatnih kraskih izvirih, ki so v globoko vrezanih dolinah. Kljub temu v alpskem visokogorju obstaja nekaj manjsih jezer. Vecina jih je nastala nad neprepustnimi ledeniskimi sedimenti in jih lahko opredelimo kot stojece vode. Jezero v Ledvicah, ki je eno izmed sedmih jezer v dolini Triglavskih jezer, je izjema, saj ima mocno podzemno napajanje in iztok (je pretocno) ter se pojavlja med mocno zakraselimi in prepustnimi karbonati. Na podlagi predhodnih raziskav, izdelave nove geoloske karte okolice jezera in sedimentoloskih raziskav spodnjejurskih plasti predlagamo strukturno-geoloski in hidrogeoloski model, da bi razložili nastanek in lokacijo jezera. Nase ugotovitve kažejo, da je A) Jezero v Ledvicah del žlebu podobnega vodonosnika z vise","PeriodicalId":50905,"journal":{"name":"Acta Carsologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48495489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A multiparameter analysis of environmental gradients related to hydrological conditions in a binary karst system (underground course of the Pivka River, Slovenia)","authors":"J. Mulec, M. Petrič, Alenka Koželj, C. Brun, Erika Batagelj, A. Hladnik, L. Holko","doi":"10.3986/ac.v48i3.7145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3986/ac.v48i3.7145","url":null,"abstract":"Chemical and bacterial gradients under different hydrologi­cal conditions were studied in a well-developed underground karst system. Water samples were collected from the main un­derground drainage conduit of the Pivka River from October 2013 until June 2016. The system responds quickly to external pulses (precipitation events), and is also impacted by human interventions, as is demonstrated mainly by fluctuations of sul­phates, chlorides, and occasionally elevated concentrations of organic and faecal pollutants. Chemical and bacterial param­eters showed a monotonous trend of decreasing concentrations from the ponor towards the interior of the karst massif during stable hydrological conditions, and a significant change dur­ing high water conditions. High flow events tend to equilibrate chemical and bacterial parameters in the underground river. Concentrations of chlorides, TOC (total organic carbon) and nitrates were the most indicative parameters describing the for­mation of the gradient. Stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen in water indicated that the main karst conduit collects isotopi­cally different waters from the aquifer. The river water collected after nine kilometres of underground flow was always isotopically lighter than the waters collected from the upstream sites. Multiparameter analysis proved to be a useful tool for providing a more comprehensive understanding of the dynamics of the underground water, which influence both the underground environment and the ecology of the biome.Key words: karst, hydrology, water chemistry, nutrients, stable isotopes, PCA, bacteria. Multiparametrska analiza okoljskih gradientov, povezanih s hidroloskimi razmerami v binarnem kraskem sistemu (podzemni tok reke Pivke, Slovenija)V dobro razvitem podzemnem kraskem sistemu smo pri razlicnih hidroloskih pogojih preucevali kemijske in bakterijske gradiente. Vzorce vode smo odvzeli iz glavnega podzemnega toka reke Pivke med oktobrom 2013 in junijem 2016. Sistem se hitro odziva na zunanje impulze (padavinski dogodki) in je tudi podvržen clovekovim posegom, kar dokazujejo predvsem nihanja v koncentraciji sulfatov in kloridov ter obcasno povisane koncentracije organskih in fekalnih onesnaževal. Spremljanje kemijskih in bakterijskih parametrov v stabilnih hidroloskih razmerah je pokazalo monotoni trend zniževanja koncentracij od ponora proti notranjosti kraskega masiva. Razmere se izrazito spremenijo v casu visokih vod, ko pride v podzemnem vodotoku do izenacenja tako kemijskih kot bakterijskih parametrov. Kloridi, TOC (skupni organski ogljik) in nitrati so bili najbolj indikativni parametri za opis nastanka gradienta. Stabilni izotopi vodika in kisika v vodi so pokazali, da vodotok glavnega kraskega kanala zbira izotopsko razlicne vode iz vodonosnika. Voda podzemne reke po devetih kilometrih toka v podzemlju je bila vedno izotopsko lažja kot vode iz gorvodno vzorcevanih mest. Multiparametrska analiza se je izkazala kot uporabno orodje za celovitejse razumevan","PeriodicalId":50905,"journal":{"name":"Acta Carsologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47334455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution of Mantled Karst Along the Blue Ridge-Great Valley Margin, USA: An Environment of Sediment Accumulation and Possible Preservation","authors":"T. Grote","doi":"10.3986/ac.v48i3.7441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3986/ac.v48i3.7441","url":null,"abstract":"The Appalachian landscape provides an excellent opportunity to examine an environment that promotes sediment subsidence, accumulation and possible preservation: mantled karst. Mantled karst exists along the Blue Ridge-Great Valley margin from south-central Pennsylvania to central Virginia. Topographically, the mantled karst contains low-relief irregular topography with abundant surface depressions, some of which contain ponds, and in places lacks continual surface drainage and springs. Sand and gravel quarries along the valley margin expose predominantly stream flow, hyperconcentrated flow, debris flow and hillslope (colluvial) deposits that mantle karstic Paleozoic bedrock and carbonate residuum. Unconformable and sometimes erosive contacts between carbonate residuum and clastic sediments, and soft-sediment deformation features have been observed within exposures suggesting subsidence into accumulation and/or preservation space created by geochemical dissolution and collapse that continues today. The likelihood of long-term survival in the geological record is dependent upon the relationship between the subsiding sediment and geomorphic base level. The Blue Ridge-Great Valley mantled karst likely contains both short-term accumulation space that is closer to geomorphic base level, thus more prone to removal by fluvial processes, and preservation space, which occurs well below geomorphic base level, where sedimentary sequences may be stored for prolonged periods of time. Ultimately, both accumulation and preservation spaces can provide insight into depositional processes, landscapes and possibly paleoenvironmental conditions, but the geologic record becomes more distorted and fragmented further back into deep time and as this landscape evolves into the future. Key words: karst, sedimentary environments, subsidence, preservation potential, landscape evolution. Razvoj pokritega krasa na robu obmocja Blue Ridge – Great Valley, ZDA: okolja akumulacije in ohranjanja sedimentov Pokriti kras Apalacev nudi izjemne možnosti preucevanja odlaganja, akumulacije in ohranjanja sedimentov. Za pokriti kras na robu obmocja Blue Ridge – Great Valley med južno-osrednjo Pensilvanijo in osrednjo Virginijo so znacilna topografsko razgibana nižavja s stevilnimi depresijami, ki so lahko tudi ojezerjene, povrsinski odtok pa je ponekod nepovezan. Kamnolomi peska in grusca vzdolž roba doline razkrivajo razlicne fluvialne in pobocne sedimente, ki pokrivajo zakrasele paleozojske karbonate in njihov reziduum. Nekonformni in erozijski stiki med karbonatnim reziduumom in klasticnimi sedimenti ter deformacijske oblike v mehkih sedimentih kažejo na akumulacijo in ohranjanje sedimentov v kraskih prostorih. Casovna stabilnost sedimentov je odvisna tudi od položaja ugrezanja sedimentov glede na erozijski nivo: prostori akumulacije so blizu erozijskega nivoja in zato podvrženi fluvialnemu odnasanju, prostori ohranjanja pa so pod erozijskim nivojem, zato so tam sedimentna zaporedja ohr","PeriodicalId":50905,"journal":{"name":"Acta Carsologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43085791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the private participation in the implementation and management of ecotourism in cavernas do Peruaçu national park, Brazil","authors":"Hugo Rodrigues de Araujo, H. A. S. Lobo, L. Travassos","doi":"10.3986/ac.v48i3.7273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3986/ac.v48i3.7273","url":null,"abstract":"In the last two decades, Brazil has advanced in the creation of Natural Protected Areas (NPAs), reaching more than 17% of its territory. However, the budget allocated for the effectiveness of NPAs is still insufficient, creating gaps that hinder these areas from fulfilling their purposes. The Cavernas do Peruacu National Park (PNCP) was created in 1999. Its ecotourism infrastructure was conceived and built from 2011 to 2015 and opened to the public in 2017. The implementation of the PNCP differs from other NPAs under the responsibility of the federal government management in Brazil, since it involves private resources from companies with legal obligations to environmental compensation. In this context, a study on the PNCP was carried out, with primary and secondary data analysed. The research aimed at report the process of the PNCP implementation as well as presenting the current state of management and prospects for this Park. With the results obtained, it was possible to conclude that the experience of a partnership between the public power and the private initiative is a practical possibility for the implementation and management of ecotourism, expanding its socioeconomic sustainability and contributing to the goals of nature conservation.Key words: national parks, ecotourism, natural heritage, archaeological sites.Prispevek zasebnikov pri vzpostavitvi in upravljanju ekoturizma v jamah narodnega parka Cavernas do Seruacu, BrazilijaBrazilija je v zadnjih dveh desetletjih razvijala program zascitenih naravnih obmocij, ki danes zavzemajo 17 % povrsine države. Vendar namenska proracunska sredstva namenjena zascitenim obmocjem, ne zadoscajo za ucinkovito upravljanje in izvajanje zascite. Narodni park Cavernas do Peruacu (NPCP) je bil ustanovljen leta 1995. Infrastruktura, zasnovana na ekoloskem pristopu, je bila zgrajena med leti 2011 in 2015 in leta 2017 odprta za javnost. NPCP je izjema med zascitenimi obmocji v upravljanju brazilske vlade, saj prejema tudi sredstva zasebnih podjetij, ki so zakonsko obvezana dajatev okoljskega nadomestila. V raziskavi porocamo o razvoju, upravljanju in perspektivah parka. Pokažemo, da je javno zasebno partnerstvo mogoce in da lahko bistveno izboljsa možnosti ucinkovitega upravljanja, utrjuje socialno-ekonomsko vzdržnost obmocja in prispeva k boljsemu varovanju narave.Kljucne besede: narodni parki, ekoturizem, naravna dediscina, arheoloska najdisca.","PeriodicalId":50905,"journal":{"name":"Acta Carsologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49653522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinetic fractionation of the isotope composition of 18O, 13C, and of clumped isotope 18O13C in calcite deposited to speleothems. Implications to the reliability of the 18O and Δ47 paleothermometers","authors":"W. Dreybrodt","doi":"10.3986/ac.v48i3.7710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3986/ac.v48i3.7710","url":null,"abstract":"Kinetic fractionation of 18O and clumped isotopes 13C18O in calcite precipitated to speleothems in cave environments renders the paleo-climatic interpretation of these proxies difficult. Therefore a better understanding of the processes generating the isotope imprint is needed. A heuristic approach is taken to interpret recent data of the fractionations in a cave analogue experiment of calcite precipitation (Hansen et al. 2019) that shows a dependence on experimental precipitation rates, F. An expression, , is derived that is based on uni-directional irreversible precipitation and is valid for large F when the forward rate of precipitation dominates the backward rate of dissolution. In that derivation it is assumed that the kinetic constants of precipitation rates are different for the different isotopologues and that this is also true for their equilibrium concentrations ceq with respect to calcite. The constant, e, is expressed by the kinetic fractionation where α denote the rate constants of precipitation for the rare and abundant isotopologues. The second constant, λ, is determined by the differing equilibrium concentrations of HCO3- isotopologues with respect to calcite and the pCO2 in the surrounding atmosphere. Fitting this expression to the experimental data one obtains the parameters e and λ for different temperatures. Regarding these results the temporal evolution of 18δCaCO3 (t) and Δ47(t) is discussed for the experimental conditions and for cave environments. This has implications to the application of 1000lnα18 CaCO3-H2O as a paleo-thermometer. It shows the reason why so many differing calibrations have been reported. These results analogously can be applied also to clumped isotopes 13C18O and the calibration of the Δ47-thermometer with regard to speleothem calcite. In summary, a better understanding of the problems arising in the search for generally valid calibrations of 18O and Δ47 paleothermometers is presented.Key words: Calcium carbonate, 13C and 18O isotopes, clumped isotopes, kinetic fractionation between HCO3- and calcite, Δ47 paleothermometer.Kineticna frakcionacija izotopov 18O, 13C in izotopskega skupka 18O13C v sigah in zanesljivost paleotermometrov 18O in Δ47Kineticna frakcionacija 18O in skupka 13C18O v kalcitu, ki se kot siga odlaga v jamskih okoljih, dela težave pri interpretaciji paleoklime na osnovi teh proksijev. Zato potrebujemo boljse razumevanje procesov, od katerih je odvisen izotopski zapis v sigah. V tem delu s hevristicnim pristopom interpretiramo nedavno pridobljene podatke frakcionacij . Podatki, pridobljeni ob izlocanju kalcita v pogojih, podobnih jamskim, kažejo, da na frakcionacijo bistveno vpliva hitrost izlocanja kalcita (Hansen et al. 2019). V pogojih, ko je izlocanje bistveno hitrejse od raztapljanja, velja zveza . Pri izpeljavi te enacbe upostevamo, da so kineticne konstante izlocanja in ravnotežna konstanta kalcita razlicne za razlicne izotopologe. Konstanto e lahko izrazimo s kineticno frakciona","PeriodicalId":50905,"journal":{"name":"Acta Carsologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43243447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantification and evaluation of soil organic carbon and its fractions: case study from the Classical Karst, SW Slovenia","authors":"Hui Yang, M. Prelovšek, F. Huang, Chunlai Zhang, Jianhua Cao, N. Ravbar","doi":"10.3986/ac.v48i3.7305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3986/ac.v48i3.7305","url":null,"abstract":"Soil organic carbon (SOC) is a critical measure of soil organic matter (SOM) content. SOM plays a vital role in ecosystem services, soil fertility, soil water retention capacity, and carbon cycling. SOC can be partitioned into various carbon fractions, which exhibit diverse stability and chemical compositions that are influenced variably by lithology as well as biological and cli­matic processes. A better understanding of SOC and the influ­ence of different bedrock types on carbon fractions could facili­tate the evaluation of the fate and stability of SOC. The present study is focused on the concentrations and characteristics of different SOC fractions (e.g., Labile organic carbon, LOC; Re­calcitrant organic carbon, ROC; Calcium-bound organic car­bon, Ca-SOC; Iron/aluminium-bound organic carbon, Fe/Al-SOC) in forest soils associated with different bedrock lithology under similar climate conditions in the centre of the ‘Classical Karst’, and evaluates influence of the geological environment on SOC. SOC and SOC fraction concentrations decreased with an increase in depth in all profiles, indicating stabilized soil profiles. SOC values (9.7–45.5 g∙kg-1) were consistent with the findings of other studies on soils in the region. ROC and Fe/Al-SOC (51.5–65.8 % and 68.0–73.3 %, respectively) were the ma­jor SOC fractions, while Ca-SOC accounted for a considerably lower proportion (6.4–7.4 %) of the SOC contents. Key factors influencing SOC contents were calcite (expressed as calcium oxide) and clay contents, which represent mineral complexes stabilizing SOC. Overall Fe2O3 and Al2O3 concentration did not explain differences in SOC nor its fractions, potentially due to the importance of chemical/mineral forms of Fe- and Al-related minerals (reactivity). Soils on carbonate rocks, which are richer in clay and CaO, had 6.35 g∙kg-1 (28 percentage points) higher concentrations of SOC average when compared with soils on siliciclastic rock, due to higher concentrations of stabilized SOC fractions. The results demonstrate that bedrock lithology and pedogenesis are key factors influencing SOM stabilization.Key words: karst soil, soil organic carbon, labile organic carbon, recalcitrant organic carbon, calcium-bound organic carbon, iron/aluminium-bound organic carbon.Kvantifikacija in vrednotenje organskega ogljika in njegovih frakcij v tleh: primer s Klasicnega Krasa, JZ SlovenijaZ meritvami organskega ogljika v prsteh (SOC) izražamo vsebnost organskih snovi v prsteh (SOM). SOM igra kljucno vlogo pri ekosistemskih storitvah, rodovitnosti, zmogljivosti zadrževanja vode in kroženju ogljika. SOC lahko razdelimo na razlicne ogljikove frakcije, ki kažejo razlicno stabilnost in kemicno sestavo, na katero razlicno vplivajo litoloska zgradba, bioloski in podnebni procesi. Boljse razumevanje SOC in vpliv razlicnih vrst maticne podlage na ogljikove frakcije bi lahko olajsala oceno stabilnosti SOC. Ta studija preucuje koncentracije in dinamiko razlicnih frakcij SOC (npr. labil","PeriodicalId":50905,"journal":{"name":"Acta Carsologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43640908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Groundwater dynamics between Planinsko Polje and springs of the Ljubljanica River, Slovenia","authors":"Matej Blatnik, C. Mayaud, F. Gabrovšek","doi":"10.3986/ac.v48i2.7263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3986/ac.v48i2.7263","url":null,"abstract":"Caves reaching the (epi)phreatic zone may provide the only access to groundwater in the internal parts of karst aquifers. Modern instruments enable unattended high frequency measurements of groundwater parameters in such caves. A network of distributed observation points may give new information on temporal and spatial pattern of groundwater flow. Such network, recording water level, temperature and specific electrical conductivity was established in all major ponors and active water caves of the karst aquifer between Planinsko Polje and springs of the Ljubljanica River, Slovenia. Up to three and a half years long records were analysed in view of available and relevant geological, speleological, meteorological and hydrological information, and basic hydraulic principles of the epiphreatic flow. The result of the interpretation were models of possible conduit networks of the three main flow subsystems draining Planinsko Polje. For each subsystem a hydraulic model comprising the main features of the inferred conduit network and inputs was made. The models were adjusted until their response to the typical flood situations gave a good qualitative fit to the response of the observation network. The results provide new insights into the mechanism of flood propagation through the system and its relation to the known conduit geometry. The hydraulic role of known cave passages is assessed and new flow pathways are proposed. Back-flooding within the aquifer causes an increase of head in the polje, followed by the activation of higher located ponor zones and flow pathways related to them. Hydrographs recorded in two caves located northwest from Planinsko Polje revealed pos sible high transmissivity zone of the Idrija Fault Zone and the mechanism of estavelles located at the polje’s north-western border. The approach taken in this work offers new insights into the relation between the conduit network geometry and flood mechanism. It can be used elsewhere in conduit-dominated systems with multiple accesses to groundwater flow and well constrained recharge.Key words: karst aquifer, epiphreatic zone, groundwater monitoring, hydraulic models, Planinsko Polje, Ljubljanica River.Dinamika podzemne vode med Planinskim poljem in izviri Ljubljanice, Slovenija Jame v epifraticni coni obicajno predstavljajo edini dostop do podzemne vode znotraj kraskega vodonosnika. Sodobni merilniki omogocajo kakovostne zvezne meritve razlicnih parametrov tudi v taksnih jamah. Merilna mreža z vec lokacijami znotraj izbranega vodonosnika lahko ponudi nove podatke o casovni in prostorski dinamiki toka podzemne vode. Taksna merilna mreža, z meritvami visine, temperature in elektroprevodnosti vode, je bila vzpostavljena v vseh pomembnejsih ponorih in vodnih jamah na obmocju med Planinskim poljem in izviri Ljubljanice. Do tri in pol leta dolgi nizi podatkov so bili analizirani z vidika razpoložljivih geoloskih, speleoloskih, meteoroloskih in hidroloskih podatkov ter osnovnih hidravlicnih na","PeriodicalId":50905,"journal":{"name":"Acta Carsologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46718616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exposition in Stone Forest National Park: international cooperation between Slovenia and China in research and development of Stone Forest UNESCO Global Geopark","authors":"J. Mulec","doi":"10.3986/ac.v48i2.7712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3986/ac.v48i2.7712","url":null,"abstract":"Informal cooperation between Slovenian and Chinese karstologists started as early as 1980's, but the main boost was initiated after 1995 in the frame of several national and international projects. Fruitful long-term cooperation between the Karst Research Institute, Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, and Yunnan Institute of Geography, Yunnan University, successfully culminated in many joint research efforts, among which the research in Stone Forest (Shilin) in South China Karst was the most apparent one.","PeriodicalId":50905,"journal":{"name":"Acta Carsologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47215169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Late Pleistocene lacustrine sediments and their relation to red soils in the Northeastern margin of the Dinaric Karst","authors":"N. Z. Hajna, Bojan Otoničar, P. Pruner, M. Culiberg, Jaroslav Č. Hlaváč, O. Mandic, R. Skála, P. Bosák","doi":"10.3986/ac.v48i2.7080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3986/ac.v48i2.7080","url":null,"abstract":"A large karst doline at section Hrastje – Lesnica in the Dolenjska region (SE Slovenia) was uncovered during the construction of Slovene highway No. A2. Its fill consists of brownish-yellow clay to silt with plant remains and ferrugineous coatings after root casts and gastropods (paleosol horizon) in the bottom, and overlying thick lacustrine laminated grey clayey sediments which were partly rubified. Brownish-yellow clay to silt contains quartz, chlorite, muscovite and feldspars transported as external clastic material from evolved karst and non-carbonate landscapes from surroundings into the site. The material is well weathered only in the area of the paleosol horizon. The strongly impoverished malacocoenosis indicates any Quaternary warm phase characterized by light semi-open forest with patches of open ground habitats. Only the last paleomagnetic sample in the bottom of sediment sequence shows reverse polarity of magnetic field and represents the geomagnetic excursion, i.e., the Blake excursion at ca 120–112 ka (MIS 5e), rather than Brunhes/Matuyama boundary at 0.78 Ma (MIS 19). Thick lacustrine laminated grey clayey sediments above are also dominated by quartz, muscovite, chlorite and feldspar. That overlying sediment was almost unweathered (content of feldspars, muscovite and chlorite); it was only slightly rubified on its surface, in middle part of the section and at the contact with the underlying karstified limestone slope of the depression. The grey sediment has a different mineralogical composition than underlying soils (e.g., lack of quartz, chlorite) and non-carbonate residue of the host limestone. Therefore, the grey sediments could not serve as a parent (source) material for terra rossa formation in the broader area (i.e., polygenetic red soils developed in paleoclimate related to current Mediterranean climatic conditions). Laminated grey sediment was deposited in a rather cold climate. Relatively poor palynospectra may indicate transport of pollen grains out of the depocentre with flowing water and/or the rapid deposition. The latter is supported by insufficiently centered paleosecular variations. Plant assemblages indicate that the dominant cover of the surrounding landscape was temperate climatic zone riparian forest with some quite humid environment as wetlands and ponds on periodically flooded plain. The regional correlation, based especially on an abundance of Fagus, indicates the deposition at the beginning of the last glacial cycle (Wurmian) in its warmer substage – MIS 5c (ca 105–95 ka). All paleomagnetic samples from this part of the sediment section show normal magnetization and negligible clockwise rotation of 1.8° ± 4.7°. Key words: karst sediments, mineralogy, gastropods, palynology, paleomagnetism, paleoenvironment, Dolenjska region, Slovenia. Pozno pleistocenski jezerski sedimenti in njihova povezava z rdecimi tlemi na severovzhodnem robu Dinarskega krasa Na Dolenjskem krasu je bila med graditvijo trase A2 slovenske","PeriodicalId":50905,"journal":{"name":"Acta Carsologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42954221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}