Acta Carsologica最新文献_第6页

For most of its history, biospeleology has been a poor cousin of the other speleological disciplines 在其历史的大部分时间里，生物洞穴学一直是其他洞穴学学科的穷亲戚

IF 0.7 4区地球科学

Acta Carsologica Pub Date : 2020-12-18 DOI: 10.3986/ac.v49i2-3.9391

Ivo Lučić

引用次数: 0

A voyage across limestone landscapes into the subterranean realm of caves 穿越石灰岩景观进入地下洞穴的旅程

IF 0.7 4区地球科学

Acta Carsologica Pub Date : 2020-12-18 DOI: 10.3986/ac.v49i2-3.9395

Peter Gedei

引用次数: 0

Fate of Contaminants of Emerging Concern in a Sinkhole Lake, Florida, USA 美国佛罗里达州沉孔湖中新出现的污染物的命运

IF 0.7 4区地球科学

Acta Carsologica Pub Date : 2020-12-16 DOI: 10.3986/ac.v49i2-3.8007

Van Beynen Philip, E. Upton, Ela Bialkowska-Jelinska, Laurent Calcul

{"title":"Fate of Contaminants of Emerging Concern in a Sinkhole Lake, Florida, USA","authors":"Van Beynen Philip, E. Upton, Ela Bialkowska-Jelinska, Laurent Calcul","doi":"10.3986/ac.v49i2-3.8007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3986/ac.v49i2-3.8007","url":null,"abstract":"Highly karstified carbonate platforms such as Florida are characterized by rapid infiltration rates, highly permeable bedrock and the direct connection to the below aquifer through the high density of sinkholes. This combination of physical features makes the groundwater and aquifers highly vulnerable to contamination from synthetic chemicals commonly referred to as contaminants of emerging concern (CECs). The use of septic tanks, otherwise referred to as onsite water treatment systems (OWTS), promotes the introduction of CECs into the environment. In order to study the impacts of CECs from OWTS on a karst landscape, water, sediment, and vegetation samples were collected in a sinkhole lake surrounded by residential housing using this waste disposal method. The main question of this research project is what is the fate of CECs from OWTSs effluent within the catchment of a sinkhole lake? Liquid chromatograph mass spectrometry was used to analyze the samples for the presence of CECs. It was found that the relative quantity of CECs in the individual constituents is dependent upon 1) the hydrophobicity and polarity of the individual compound, 2) the specific sampling site, 3) the topography gradient, and 4) for vegetation, the connectedness of the sample type to the sediment. Hydrogeological studies have found that the sinkholes of the area are all connected to the below aquifer. Consequently, these CECs pose a risk of the contamination of the groundwater. This study is a temporal snapshot, that being the dry season of Florida which is most likely the time of lowest CEC contamination. It is imperative that sampling extend into the wet season when flushing of CECs from the OWTS may increase their concentrations in both the lake but also the aquifers especially since residents use well water as their source of potable water. While this study is based in Florida, we strongly suspect that our findings and recommendations are applicable more generally as OWTS are used throughout the many karst regions of the world.","PeriodicalId":50905,"journal":{"name":"Acta Carsologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48161604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

The microbial community structure of the Dupnisa cave in Kırklareli, Turkey 土耳其Kırklareli的Dupnisa洞穴的微生物群落结构

IF 0.7 4区地球科学

Acta Carsologica Pub Date : 2020-12-16 DOI: 10.3986/ac.v49i2-3.8575

Nihal Doğruöz-Güngör

{"title":"The microbial community structure of the Dupnisa cave in Kırklareli, Turkey","authors":"Nihal Doğruöz-Güngör","doi":"10.3986/ac.v49i2-3.8575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3986/ac.v49i2-3.8575","url":null,"abstract":"Cave ecosystems count to be extreme environments due to their stable temperature, darkness, high humidity rates, and limited organic materials. In this context, these ecosystems represent invaluable laboratories for microbiological studies. Although there are common features between the microorganism groups obtained from the culture-based microbiological studies conducted in the caves and the groups highlighted through molecular methods, the microorganism groups determined through this last method are richer. The detected microorganisms are variable depending on the characteristics of each cave. The aim of this study is to determine the microbial diversity in samples taken from 5 different regions (including regions visited by tourists) of Dupnisa Cave and to reveal the differences between these regions. This is the first microbiological study running in cave sediments of Dupnisa Cave System situated in the north-western of Turkey. In this study, using the Illumina MiSeq next-generation sequencing approach for analyses of Dupnisa Cave samples, 14 phyla and 298 genera as well as 2 phyla and 20 genera can be attributed to bacterial and archaea OTUs, respectively. Moreover, the bacterial community is dominated by the phyla Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Gemmatimonadetes, Firmicutes, Nitrospirae, Chloroflexi and Acidobacteria distributed with 1 % and above. Archaeal community is represented by Thaumarchaeota and Euryarchaeota phyla. Proteobacteria is the most dominant bacterial phylum and Thaumarchaeota dominates the archaeal phyla. The highest number of types of bacteria according to Chao 1 richness estimation index were found at point AF (cave entrance / sediment), and that of types of archaea were found at point F2 (touristic area 2 / cave sediment). F2 was determined as the sampling point with the highest diversity of archaeal and bacterial genera according to Shannon-Wiener diversity index.","PeriodicalId":50905,"journal":{"name":"Acta Carsologica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41352933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Antimicrobial resistant Escherichia coli from karst waters, surfaces and bat guano in Slovenian caves 斯洛文尼亚洞穴中岩溶水、地表和蝙蝠粪中的抗微生物大肠杆菌

IF 0.7 4区地球科学

Acta Carsologica Pub Date : 2020-12-16 DOI: 10.3986/ac.v49i2-3.9103

J. Mulec, Blaž Kogovšek, S. Skok, R. Tomazin, S. Šturm, J. Avguštin

{"title":"Antimicrobial resistant Escherichia coli from karst waters, surfaces and bat guano in Slovenian caves","authors":"J. Mulec, Blaž Kogovšek, S. Skok, R. Tomazin, S. Šturm, J. Avguštin","doi":"10.3986/ac.v49i2-3.9103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3986/ac.v49i2-3.9103","url":null,"abstract":"Escherichia coli, one of the primary intestinal commensal bacteria in humans and endothermic animals, is commonly considered an indicator of faecal pollution. E. coli strains were isolated from karst rivers under different hydrological conditions, from footpaths in tourist caves and from bat guano. Isolates were tested for phenotypic resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, tetracycline and trimethoprim. The highest percentage of antimicrobial resistant E. coli was found in karst waters, followed by those from surface swabs and from bat guano. Several isolates from rivers and swabs exhibited multidrug-resistant phenotype. Environmental conditions impact the populations of E. coli; a positive correlation between dissolved oxygen and E. coli counts, and a negative correlation between conductivity and E. coli concentrations have been observed for karst rivers. Malenščica (Slovenia), a drinking water resource with an extensive catchment area, contained a relative high percentage of antimicrobial-resistant E. coli strains. None of the isolates from bat guano was resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline. Future monitoring of bats should consider a regular follow-up of indicative microbial disease indicators in fresh guano. Regular cleansing of tourist footpaths in caves and disinfection barriers at the cave entrances reduce the concentration and transmission of E. coli significantly. A future, more detailed, study on characterization of additional E. coli isolates is needed to reveal their pathogeneicity, mechanisms of antibiotic resistance, mobile genetic elements, and gene transfer frequencies to other members of the karst microbiome.","PeriodicalId":50905,"journal":{"name":"Acta Carsologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48542577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Assessment of karst geomorphosites on Kučaj and Beljanica mountains as a resource for the development of karst-based geopark ku<s:1> aj山和Beljanica山喀斯特地貌资源对喀斯特地质公园开发的价值评价

IF 0.7 4区地球科学

Acta Carsologica Pub Date : 2020-12-16 DOI: 10.3986/ac.v49i2-3.8748

A. Petrović, D. Nikolic, Dušica Trnavac Bogdanović, I. Carevic

引用次数: 3

Investigation of karst collapses using integrated geophysical methods: an example from Conghua district, Guangzhou city, China 综合地球物理方法研究岩溶塌陷——以广州市从化区为例

IF 0.7 4区地球科学

Acta Carsologica Pub Date : 2020-12-16 DOI: 10.3986/ac.v49i2-3.7786

Du Chengliang, Yongsheng Zhou, F. Gan, Yinxiang Chen

{"title":"Investigation of karst collapses using integrated geophysical methods: an example from Conghua district, Guangzhou city, China","authors":"Du Chengliang, Yongsheng Zhou, F. Gan, Yinxiang Chen","doi":"10.3986/ac.v49i2-3.7786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3986/ac.v49i2-3.7786","url":null,"abstract":"Integrated geophysical methods were used to investigate the geological conditions of karst collapses in Aotou, Conghua District, Guangzhou City. Based on audio frequency magnetotelluric (AMT) soundings, high-density electric signals and microtremors, a series of features, including the soil structure and thickness, faults, and hidden karst, were detected from shallow to deep subsurface regions in three-dimensional (3-D) space. These were then compared with geologic and drilling data. The measurements of micro-vibrations and high-density electric signals revealed that the strata in the collapsed area consists of clay and medium-grain sand, which is approximately 8–15 m thick and arranged as a multiple-element structure. The AMT soundings uncovered a hidden structure in the subsurface, which lies at the core of a syncline and adjacent to a contact zone between soluble limestone and non-soluble granite. Combined with the geologic data, the survey using the high-density electric method also showed that the study area hosts the Shidengzi Formation from the Datang Stage of the lower Carboniferous, which contain carbonaceous micrite and dolomitic limestone, locally intercalated with thin quartz siltstone, with well-developed karst. Collectively, the soil structure, hidden structure in the subsurface, and karst development provide the primary conditions for collapses. The main triggering factors for the karst collapses are seasonal variations in groundwater levels and excessive groundwater withdrawals. These results can provide guidance for the selection and application of geophysical methods for the examination of this issue in other areas with similar geology.","PeriodicalId":50905,"journal":{"name":"Acta Carsologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45355400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

High resolution digital 3D modelling of subsurface morphological structures of Koutouki Cave, Greece 希腊Koutouki洞穴地下形态结构的高分辨率数字三维建模

IF 0.7 4区地球科学

Acta Carsologica Pub Date : 2020-12-16 DOI: 10.3986/ac.v49i2-3.7708

A. Konsolaki, E. Vassilakis, L. Gouliotis, Georgios Kontostavlos, Vassilis Giannopoulos

{"title":"High resolution digital 3D modelling of subsurface morphological structures of Koutouki Cave, Greece","authors":"A. Konsolaki, E. Vassilakis, L. Gouliotis, Georgios Kontostavlos, Vassilis Giannopoulos","doi":"10.3986/ac.v49i2-3.7708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3986/ac.v49i2-3.7708","url":null,"abstract":"Remote sensing techniques and laser scanning technology have given us the opportunity to study indoor environments, such as caves, with their complex and unique morphology. In the presented case study, we used a handheld laser scanner for acquiring points with projected coordinate information (X, Y, Z) covering the entire show cave of Koutouki; including its hidden passages and dark corners. The point cloud covers the floor, the walls, and the roof of the cave, as well as the stalactites, stalagmites and the connected columns that constitute the decoration of the cave. The absolute and exact placement of the point cloud within a geographic reference frame gives us the opportunity for three-dimensional measurements and detailed visualization of the subsurface structures. Using open - source software, we managed to make a quantification analysis of the terrain and generated morphological and geometric features of the speleothems. We identified 55 columns by using digital terrain analysis and processed them statistically in order to correlate them to the frame of the cave development. The parameters that derived are the contours, each column height, the speleothem geometry and volume, as well as the volume of the open space cavity. We argue that by the demonstrated methodology, it is possible to identify with high accuracy and detail: the geomorphological features of a cave, an estimate of the speleogenesis, and the ability to monitor the evolution of a karstic system.Key words: cave, laser scanner, 3D representation, speleothems, SLAM. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":50905,"journal":{"name":"Acta Carsologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43586145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Information system for scientific study of the micrometeorology of karst caves – Case of Postojnska jama cave, Slovenija 用于溶洞微气象科学研究的信息系统——以斯洛文尼亚Postojinska jama洞穴为例

IF 0.7 4区地球科学

Acta Carsologica Pub Date : 2020-12-16 DOI: 10.3986/ac.v49i2-3.7540

P. Mlakar, B. Grasic, M. Božnar, Darko Popović, F. Gabrovšek

引用次数: 2

DNA, spectroscopic and geochemical analyses of bone fragments and associated speleothems in Postojna cave, Slovenia 斯洛文尼亚Postojna洞穴骨骼碎片和相关洞穴化石的DNA、光谱和地球化学分析

IF 0.7 4区地球科学

Acta Carsologica Pub Date : 2020-12-16 DOI: 10.3986/ac.v49i2-3.7970

M. Lipar, I. Z. Pajnič, M. Cotman, J. Z. Piano, Jian-xin Zgao, D. Pekarovič, T. Leskovar

{"title":"DNA, spectroscopic and geochemical analyses of bone fragments and associated speleothems in Postojna cave, Slovenia","authors":"M. Lipar, I. Z. Pajnič, M. Cotman, J. Z. Piano, Jian-xin Zgao, D. Pekarovič, T. Leskovar","doi":"10.3986/ac.v49i2-3.7970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3986/ac.v49i2-3.7970","url":null,"abstract":"a loose/broken stalagmite containing small fragments of cemented bones were collected from the Postojna Cave to investigate whether deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) can be determined. The study is complemented by the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy - attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) analysis in order to determine the alteration of the bones and to test whether this analysis can be used as an indicator of possible DNA preservation. In addition, geochemical analyses were conducted in order to determine whether the associated flowstone/stalagmite is suitable for elucidating the timing of bone thanatocoenosis and further palaeoenvironmental analyses. The organic matter (collagen) is poorly preserved. However, we succeeded in amplifying a 94 bp long fragment of the cytochrome b (Cyt b) gene of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for one sample, and in sequencing the amto that of the Cyt b of the cave bear (Ursus deningeri or Ursus spelaeus sensu lato). The uranium-thorium dating of the speleothem covering the bones revealed its thanatocoenosis occurred prior to 55 ka, most likely in the late marine isotope stage 4 or early marine isotope stage 3. High porosity and recrystallisation of the flowstone/stalagmite at this part of the cave prevent high-resolution palaeoclimatic interpretation; however, low-resolution stable isotope geochemistry suggests a steppe-like environment during the subsequent growth of the speleothem.","PeriodicalId":50905,"journal":{"name":"Acta Carsologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46267512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1