{"title":"The reflexive relationship between financial and social exclusion for the selected Central-Eastern European countries","authors":"Byambasuren Dorjnyambuu","doi":"10.35551/pfq_2023_4_4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35551/pfq_2023_4_4","url":null,"abstract":"This study primarily examines how the risk factors that lead individuals to social exclusion, disadvantage, and deprivation contribute to financial exclusion and vice versa. This causal relationship for financial and social exclusion is formulated using the simultaneous equations model. Along with the causal relationship, this study identifies the leading personal and environmental determinants for both the probabilities of being unbanked and socially excluded. I use demographic, socioeconomic, and geographic information from the Life in Transition Survey III, conducted in 2016. The study found a reflexive causal relationship between financial and social exclusion in the selected Central-Eastern European countries. Namely, people at risk of social exclusion are more likely to be excluded from access to financial services. On the other hand, those at risk of financial exclusion are more likely to be socially excluded.","PeriodicalId":508321,"journal":{"name":"Pénzügyi Szemle = Public Finance Quarterly","volume":"14 30","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139166362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Inflation and finance","authors":"K. Botos","doi":"10.35551/pfq_2023_4_5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35551/pfq_2023_4_5","url":null,"abstract":"The study concentrates on the discussion in Hungary about the causes of contemporary inflation: what are the main causes of it and how to rank them. It tries to establish whether the simple methods of monetary policy are appropriate to stop inflation. The method of the study is an overview of recent professional articles and the analysis of the data of Central Statistical Office publications. It concludes that the Hungarian inflation has several internal and external causes: uncovered spending power especially in time of the COVID epidemic, the growing energy prices because of the Ukrainian war, money retention for Hungary in Brussels, the inadequatetiming of monetary policy actions, the role of imbalance of payments and exchange rates evolution – direct and indirect impulses-, the role of inherited state debts and the accumulated wage distortions which is now to correct, and the tax policy which relies mainly on VAT. The conclusion of the study is that only by autonomous monetary policy actions cannot deal with inflation, because the national policy cannot get rid of the international money markets. It is time to change the tax policy for a more structured one relying on the progressive income taxes.","PeriodicalId":508321,"journal":{"name":"Pénzügyi Szemle = Public Finance Quarterly","volume":"31 S2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139167563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Which money is more reliable? Book review","authors":"Pál Czeglédi","doi":"10.35551/pfq_2023_4_7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35551/pfq_2023_4_7","url":null,"abstract":"Review of the book by White, Lawrence H.: Better Money: Gold, fiat, or Bitcoin?","PeriodicalId":508321,"journal":{"name":"Pénzügyi Szemle = Public Finance Quarterly","volume":"26 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139167961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The COVID-19 pandemic and discouraged borrowers among Hungarian companies","authors":"Z. Szabó","doi":"10.35551/pfq_2023_4_3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35551/pfq_2023_4_3","url":null,"abstract":"An increasing attention has been paid since the millennium to companies who have loan demand but are afraid of refusal. The self-rationing of loan demand is also affected by the coronavirus pandemic according to the economic literature, however, there are only a few empirical studies regarding this topic. Based on the corporate surveys of the Hungarian Development Bank (MFB-INDIKÁTOR) we analyse that to what extent and to which direction did the latent loan demand of the Hungarian companies change as a consequence of the pandemic, which corporate segments reacted more sensitively to the crisis, and whether there is a measurable effect of the negative perception towards the banks to the lending decisions of the companies. On the basis of the results of cross-tabulation analyses the pandemic moderated the fear of loan application only temporarily; the behaviour of older firms, larger companies and the agricultural sector can be considered relatively stable regarding this issue; finally the role of the experiences and in many cases the negative preconceptions about the banks having a long history together play important roles in self-restraint.","PeriodicalId":508321,"journal":{"name":"Pénzügyi Szemle = Public Finance Quarterly","volume":"49 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139166453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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