Journal of Plant Science and Phytopathology最新文献

{"title":"The Use of Thioxopyrimidine Derivatives as New Regulators of Growth and Photosynthesis of Barley","authors":"VA Tsygankova, YaV Andrusevich, N. Vasylenko, V. Kopich, RM Solomyannyi, S. Popilnichenko, OP Kozachenko, S. Pilyo, V. Brovarets","doi":"10.29328/journal.jpsp.1001139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29328/journal.jpsp.1001139","url":null,"abstract":"New synthetic compounds - thioxopyrimidine derivatives as regulators of vegetative growth and photosynthesis of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) variety Acordine were studied. The growth-regulatory effect of new synthetic compounds, thioxopyrimidine derivatives, used in a concentration of 10-6M, was compared with the growth-regulatory effect of a plant hormone auxin IAA (1H-indol-3-yl)acetic acid) or synthetic plant growth regulators, derivatives of sodium and potassium salts of 6-methyl-2-mercapto-4-hydroxypyrimidine (Methyur, Kamethur), N-oxide-2,6-dimethylpyridine (Ivin), used in a similar concentration of 10-6M. The conducted study showed the similarity of the growth-regulatory effects of synthetic compounds, thioxopyrimidine derivatives, the plant hormone auxin IAA, and synthetic plant growth regulators Methyur, Kamethur, and Ivin. Morphometric parameters (average length of shoots (mm), average length of roots (mm), and average biomass of 10 plants (g)) and biochemical parameters (content of photosynthetic pigments chlorophylls a, b, a+b and carotenoids (µg/ml)) of barley plants treated with the plant hormone auxin IAA or synthetic plant growth regulators Methyur, Kamethur, Ivin or thioxopyrimidine derivatives were increased after 4 weeks compared to control plants. The dependence of the growth-regulatory effect of synthetic compounds, thioxopyrimidine derivatives on their chemical structure was analyzed. The use of the synthetic plant growth regulators, derivatives of sodium salt of 6-methyl-2-mercapto-4-hydroxypyrimidine (Methyur), potassium salt of 6-methyl-2-mercapto-4-hydroxypyrimidine (Kamethur), N-oxide-2,6-dimethylpyridine (Ivin) and selected most active synthetic compounds, thioxopyrimidine derivatives for regulating the growth and photosynthesis of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) variety Acordine is proposed.","PeriodicalId":508282,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Science and Phytopathology","volume":"21 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141685662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bees, Butterflies, and Beyond the Diverse Pollinators, an Essence for the Reproductive Success of Flowering Plants","authors":"Hassan Ammir, Hassan Shamiya, Nasir Mohd Abdul","doi":"10.29328/journal.jpsp.1001135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29328/journal.jpsp.1001135","url":null,"abstract":"Pollinators are very critical when it comes to the reproductive success of plants. They promote outbreeding which holds immense significance in the era of global climate change. It allows the plants to become fertilized, to produce seeds, fruits, and eventually new plants. They are instrumental in the sustainability of our ecosystem. Thus, there is an essential need to study these pollinators to understand how, during the course of evolution, they have co-evolved with the flowering plants to shape floral architecture and community dynamics thriving in the vicinity. In this mini-view, we shall focus our discussion on some of the animal pollinators, the dwindling diversity of animal pollinators, and various associated pollination syndromes.","PeriodicalId":508282,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Science and Phytopathology","volume":"44 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141387748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agro-morphological Growth Response of Acha (Fonio) (Digitaria Exilis and Digitaria Iburua [Kippist] Stapf.) Exposed to Colchicine: Leaf Length, Leaf Width and Leaf Area Index","authors":"DD Nyam, NS Gonzuk, MD Sila, YC Tumba, EA Angyu, EH Kwon-Ndung","doi":"10.29328/journal.jpsp.1001134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29328/journal.jpsp.1001134","url":null,"abstract":"The present study investigated the effects of colchicine treatment on leaf length, leaf width, and leaf area index (LAI) in two species of Acha (fonio), namely Digitaria exilis and Digitaria iburua. Colchicine, a potent mitotic inhibitor, has been widely used to induce polyploidy and in studying the effects of genome duplication on various morphological traits. This study aimed to explore if colchicine treatment could alter the leaf morphology of the two Acha species. Seeds of the two species were treated with colchicine solution at various concentrations (0.05, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20 g/dL), while a control group was maintained without any treatment. Leaf length and width were measured using a meter rule, and LAI was calculated by multiplying the leaf length and leaf width with the constant for both species. Statistical analysis was performed using the Analysis of Variance on SPSS to determine significant differences between treated and control groups. The results showed that colchicine treatment had a significant effect on leaf morphology in both Acha species. Leaf length and width increased significantly in response to colchicine treatment, with the degree of increase depending on the concentration. Moreover, the LAI also exhibited a significant increase in treated plants compared to the control group. Colchicine concentration level of 0.10 g/dL produced the best results that can be exploited to enhance the morphological characteristics of both Acha species. The findings suggest that colchicine-induced polyploidy can enhance leaf growth and overall leaf area in Acha plants, leading to potential implications for agricultural productivity and yield improvement. Further studies are needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and long-term effects of colchicine-induced polyploidy on other growth parameters, reproductive traits, and yield in Acha. Understanding the genetic and physiological changes associated with polyploidy in Acha species will contribute to the development of improved breeding strategies and cultivation practices for this important cereal crop.","PeriodicalId":508282,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Science and Phytopathology","volume":"190 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141388614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Auxin-like and Cytokinin-like Effects of New Synthetic Thienopyrimidine Derivatives on the Growth and Photosynthesis of Wheat","authors":"Anatolyivna Tsygankova Victoria, YaV Andrusevich, NM Vasylenko, VM Kopich, SV Popilnichenko, SG Pilyo, VS Brovarets","doi":"10.29328/journal.jpsp.1001126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29328/journal.jpsp.1001126","url":null,"abstract":"The regulatory effect of new synthetic thienopyrimidine derivatives on the growth and photosynthesis of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) variety Svitlana in the vegetative phase was studied. The regulatory effect of new synthetic thienopyrimidine derivatives was compared with the regulatory effect of auxin IAA (1H-indol-3-yl)acetic acid) or synthetic plant growth regulators Methyur (sodium salt of 6-methyl-2-mercapto-4-hydroxypyrimidine) and Kamethur (potassium salt of 6-methyl-2-mercapto-4-hydroxypyrimidine). After 2 weeks, morphometric parameters (such as average length of shoots and roots (mm), average biomass of 10 plants (g)) and biochemical parameters (such as content of photosynthetic pigments (µg/ml)) of wheat plants grown from seeds treated with synthetic thienopyrimidine derivatives, or auxin IAA, or synthetic plant growth regulators Methyur and Kamethur at a concentration of 10-6M, were measured and compared with similar parameters of control wheat plants grown from seeds treated with distilled water. The regulatory effect of new synthetic thienopyrimidine derivatives on the morphometric and biochemical parameters of wheat plants was similar or higher compared to the regulatory effect of auxin IAA, or synthetic plant growth regulators Methyur and Kamethur. The relationship between the chemical structure of new synthetic thienopyrimidine derivatives and their regulatory effect on the growth and photosynthesis of wheat plants was revealed. The most biologically active thienopyrimidine derivatives are proposed to be used as new synthetic physiological analogues of auxins and cytokinins to improve growth and increase photosynthesis of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) variety Svitlana in the vegetative phase.","PeriodicalId":508282,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Science and Phytopathology","volume":" 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140389938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Declaration of Fumonisin as the Main Dangerous Mycotoxin Produced by Fusarium Species on Maize in Iran","authors":"Saremi Hossein","doi":"10.29328/journal.jpsp.1001125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29328/journal.jpsp.1001125","url":null,"abstract":"Our study showed Fusarium spp. can be the most important fungal pathogen of maize causing severe yield losses and producing fumonisins that concern human and animal damages. Actually, other mycotoxins such as aflatoxin contamination have become regular in maize but the appearance of fumonisins was more frequent. However, the fluctuation between years and regions can affect the severity of the infection and then fumonisin production level. This mycotoxin was defined as fumonisin B1, fumonisin B2 and fumonisin B3 with diverse actions. The level of production, concentrations, and damages of fumonisins were found in different locations of maize fields in Iran. However, the fumonisin contents of the isolated samples were more diverse than in other locations. Toxin composition and maximum values differ significantly throughout the climate conditions and maize cultivars. The resistance cultivar of maize against the Fusarium pathogen can be helpful in controlling fumonisin production on the field effectively.","PeriodicalId":508282,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Science and Phytopathology","volume":"1993 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140417015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bio Avengers: How do Endophytic Microorganisms Alter a Plant's Defense Mechanisms?","authors":"Chauhan Priyanka, Verma Pratibha, Mishra Aradhana","doi":"10.29328/journal.jpsp.1001123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29328/journal.jpsp.1001123","url":null,"abstract":"Endophytic microbes i.e. bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes live inside the plant tissues without causing any harmful effect on them. Recently, research has been conducted on endophytic microbes to enhance agriculture and environmental sustainability. Endophytes stabilize a close association with their host, which leads to major changes in plant physiology. Endophytic microbes and pathogens use the same strategies for entering the host cell. This condition may create competition between the endophytes and the pathogen. Therefore, host plants develop strategies to allow the entry of specific microorganisms. Additionally, endophytic microorganisms may temper their own genetic structure to survive and avoid the host defence machinery. The plant-endophyte symbionts promote direct and indirect defences to host plants. This plays an essential role in modulating plant defences against various stresses, particularly biotic stress. In this minireview, we highlight the interaction of endophytic microbes with their host. As well as the role of endophytic microbes in the enhancement of plant defence systems.","PeriodicalId":508282,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Science and Phytopathology","volume":"143 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140449292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molluscicidal Efficacy of Essential oils of Syzygium aromaticum Clove and Tachyspermum ammi Seeds against Lymnaea acuminata, a Vector Snail","authors":"Tiwari Farindra","doi":"10.29328/journal.jpsp.1001119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29328/journal.jpsp.1001119","url":null,"abstract":"In eastern Uttar Pradesh, fascioliasis, an endemic zoonotic disease, is quite prevalent. Essential oils that are produced from various plants are extremely important to human health. The current study found that the essential oils from Tachyspermum ammi seeds and Syzygium aromaticum cloves are effective herbal molluscicides against the vector snail Lymnaea acuminata. Syzygium aromaticum cloves and Tachyspermum ammi seeds are used to extract their essential oils using both conventional and unconventional techniques, such as solvent extraction (SE) and hydrodistillation (HD). The results section makes it evident that both of the essential oils from Syzygium aromaticum clove and Tachyspermum ammi seeds have a high level of molluscicidal activity (24-hour LC50 values are 3.01 and 2.35), particularly against the vector snail Lymnaea acuminata. The current investigation unequivocally showed that the exposed vector snails to the essential oils are extremely harmful. The aim of the present investigation is to establish the molluscicidal activity of the essential oils of Syzygium aromaticum clove and Tachyspermum ammi seeds against the vector snail Lymnaea acuminata.","PeriodicalId":508282,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Science and Phytopathology","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139209764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diversity of Rust Fungi Causing Plant Diseases in Abbottabad, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan","authors":"Ur Rahman Khursheed, Fiaz Muhammad, Shah Ghulam Mujtaba, Ikram Muhammad, Alam Jan, Shahid Mariyam, Abbasi Samia","doi":"10.29328/journal.jpsp.1001118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29328/journal.jpsp.1001118","url":null,"abstract":"In 2018, a survey of rust fungi and their associated hosts was attempted in the thandiani regions of Pakistan. In this paper, we provided descriptions and illustrations of six rust species viz. Melampsora euphorbiae, Phragmidium barclayi, Puccinia ambegua, Pucciniia calcitraipae, Pucciniia mentha and Puccinia ustalis. The Melampsora euphorbiae, Puccinia ambegua, and Puccinia ustalis were collected as a new host record from Abbottabad. Most of the rust fungi were collected from herbaceous wild plants. This study suggests further exploration of the area of rust disease in order to assess the diversity of these fungi. This research work is an addition to available data related to the Urediniales of Pakistan having special reference to Abbottabad District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.","PeriodicalId":508282,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Science and Phytopathology","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139233467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Complexity of Protein Structure Determination Through X-ray Diffraction","authors":"Otun Sarah, Achilonu Ikechukwu","doi":"10.29328/journal.jpsp.1001117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29328/journal.jpsp.1001117","url":null,"abstract":"The determination of a protein structure by using X-ray diffraction encompasses a series of sequential steps (including gene identification and cloning, protein expression and purification, crystallization, phasing model building, refinement, and validation), which need the application of several methodologies derived from molecular biology, bioinformatics, and physical sciences. This article thoroughly examines the complicated procedure of elucidating protein structures within plant biology, using X-ray diffraction as the primary methodology. Commencing with the gene identification process and progressing toward crystallography, this article explores the many obstacles and achievements in acquiring diffraction pictures and their subsequent conversion into electron density maps. The ensuing phases of model construction, refinement, and structural validation are thoroughly examined, providing insight into the inherent complexity associated with each stage. The paper also discusses the critical component of understanding the resultant model and scrutinizing its biological significance. By comprehensively examining these stages, this article presents a nuanced comprehension of the intricate procedure in ascertaining protein structures within plant biology. It offers valuable insights into the obstacles encountered and the biological importance of the acquired structural data.","PeriodicalId":508282,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Science and Phytopathology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139251657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitrogen supply effect on lettuce response to Botrytis cinerea and Sclerotinia minor","authors":"Ouhibi Chayma, Darwish Majd, Urban Laurent, Lachaal Mokhtar, Aarrouf Jawad","doi":"10.29328/journal.jpsp.1001116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29328/journal.jpsp.1001116","url":null,"abstract":"Background information: Cultural practices play an important role on the development of pathogens (Datnoff, et al. 2007). In this context, several authors have been interested in studying the effects of mineral nutrition on the resistance of vegetables and fruits to fungi during storage, especially nitrogen. The purpose of the study: In this work we tested the effects of three contrasted regimes of nitrogen supply, with nitrate concentrations in the nutrient solutions of 2 mM (low), 10 mM (normal) and 20 mM (high) on the susceptibility of Lactuca sativa L towards Botrytis cinerea (BC87) and Sclerotinia minor (SM) during storage. Once harvested, the outerleaves of the plants derived from the three nitrogen regimes were inoculated with either Botrytis cinerea (BC87) or Sclerotinia minor (SM). Data showed that the resistance to this two pathogens increase when plants were developed under low nitrogen concentration. This resistance observed is correlated with low values in oxidative stress indicators (MDA and H2O2) and high values in total phenols.","PeriodicalId":508282,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Science and Phytopathology","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139288178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}