American Journal of Anatomy最新文献_第8页

Somitic-vertebral correlation and vertebral levels in the human embryo. 人胚胎中躯体-椎体的相关性和椎体水平。

American Journal of Anatomy Pub Date : 1986-09-01 DOI: 10.1002/aja.1001770103

F Müller, R O'Rahilly

{"title":"Somitic-vertebral correlation and vertebral levels in the human embryo.","authors":"F Müller, R O'Rahilly","doi":"10.1002/aja.1001770103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001770103","url":null,"abstract":"Somitic and vertebral interrelationships and levels were studied in 84 human embryos of stages 9-23 (3-8 postovulatory weeks). The first four somites are occipital, the occipitocervical junction is at somites 4/5, and eight somites are involved in the cervical region: X, Y, Z, and C. 3-7. By stage 17 the total number of occipitovertebral \"units,\" namely 38 or 39, is attained. Resegmentation (Neugliederung) of sclerotomes is not supported. A new scheme of somitic/vertebral correlation is proposed in which somites and centra are in register. Differential growth of the regions of the vertebral column was calculated, and it was found that the percentages of the total column occupied by the various regions vary from one stage to another. The cervical and coccygeal regions decrease, the thoracic and lumbar regions increase, and the sacral region remains more or less constant during embryonic development. The following structures descend with reference to the vertebral column during the embryonic period proper: roots of lower limbs, thyroid gland and thymus, tracheal bifurcation, lungs, heart, diaphragm, abdominal arteries, mesonephroi, and suprarenal glands. The gonads may descend slightly. The scapulae and the separation point between the trachea and the esophagus remain at a fairly constant level. The metanephroi ascend. The migration of many of these structures (e.g., the heart, diaphragm, and metanephroi) is much more marked in the embryonic period than later although it continues during the fetal and postnatal periods. The conus medullaris ascends during the fetal period. Anomalies of migration that affect such organs as the thyroid gland, gonads, and metanephroi are discussed.","PeriodicalId":50815,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Anatomy","volume":"177 1","pages":"3-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/aja.1001770103","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14657832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 49

The renal cortical lymphatic system in the rat, hamster, and rabbit. 大鼠、仓鼠和家兔的肾皮质淋巴系统。

American Journal of Anatomy Pub Date : 1986-09-01 DOI: 10.1002/aja.1001770104

G K Niiro, H M Jarosz, P J O'Morchoe, C C O'Morchoe

{"title":"The renal cortical lymphatic system in the rat, hamster, and rabbit.","authors":"G K Niiro, H M Jarosz, P J O'Morchoe, C C O'Morchoe","doi":"10.1002/aja.1001770104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001770104","url":null,"abstract":"Rat, hamster, and rabbit renal cortical lymphatics were examined by light and electron microscopy. Rat and hamster kidneys possessed both intra- and interlobular lymphatics that were structurally similar at the light microscopic level. Ultrastructural examination of the hamster lymphatic endothelium, however, revealed an unusual arrangement of cytoplasmic extensions not seen in the other two species. The intralobular lymphatics were related primarily to tubules, afferent arterioles, and renal corpuscles and were consistent with lymph formation from both plasma filtrate and tubular reabsorbate. Interlobular lymphatics were seen in connective tissue associated with the interlobular blood vessels. Rabbit cortex contained only interlobular lymphatics. Cross-sectional area, maximum diameter, volume density, and profile density were determined by stereological measurements using a computer-based image analyzer. The morphological data from the rat were used, in combination with published values for lymph flow, to calculate the rate of lymph formation per unit area of endothelium in lymphatics of the renal cortex. Among kidneys fixed by retrograde perfusion, the cortical lymphatic system was most extensive in maximum diameter, volume density, and profile density. It was smallest in the rabbit and intermediate in the rat. Lower volume and profile density were found for rat kidneys fixed by the dripping technique. It was concluded that: tubular reabsorbate probably contributes to renal lymph in the rat and hamster, but not in the rabbit; significant differences exist in the extent of the renal lymphatic systems among the three species, with the hamster kidney having the richest network and the rabbit the poorest; the method of fixation influences the measured size and density of renal cortical lymphatics; and the estimated rate of lymph formation in the kidney of the rat is roughly comparable to that in the dog.","PeriodicalId":50815,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Anatomy","volume":"177 1","pages":"21-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/aja.1001770104","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14894976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

In vivo exocytosis of lysosomes by the endothelium of the venous sinuses of bone marrow and liver: visualization at normal and low body temperature. 骨髓和肝脏静脉窦内皮在体内溶酶体的胞吐:在正常和低体温下的可视化。

American Journal of Anatomy Pub Date : 1986-09-01 DOI: 10.1002/aja.1001770105

P P De Bruyn, Y Cho

引用次数: 9

Mesenchyme formation from the trigeminal placodes of the mouse embryo. 小鼠胚胎三叉神经基间质形成。

American Journal of Anatomy Pub Date : 1986-05-01 DOI: 10.1002/aja.1001760103

D H Nichols

{"title":"Mesenchyme formation from the trigeminal placodes of the mouse embryo.","authors":"D H Nichols","doi":"10.1002/aja.1001760103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001760103","url":null,"abstract":"The trigeminal placode is a thickened region of ectodermal epithelium located along the side of the embryonic head. Mesenchyme escapes from the placode to form neurons of the trigeminal (V) ganglion. To further our knowledge of the morphogenesis of this escape, plastic thick sections were cut from mouse embryos and stained for light microscopy by using a technique which revealed escaping mesenchyme. The escape of trigeminal mesenchyme began at approximately 12 somites of age and was substantially complete by 30 somites. These results provided spatial/temporal orientation for a subsequent electron microscopic study. The first ultrastructural manifestation of escape was the penetration of an otherwise continuous basal lamina by small cell processes. The presence of longitudinally oriented microtubules within these processes suggests that mesenchymal cells escape through the basal lamina by using microtubules to direct/move their contents (e.g., the cell nucleus) into an enlarging process. Nuclei were distorted as they passed into these processes. This distortion suggests that basal lamina, together with a possible contribution from basal microfilaments, forms a rigid obstruction which is disrupted in the region from which a process is formed. In some cases a collar of basal lamina was observed around the necks of processes, but their distal membranes were invariably lamina-free. This lamina-free membrane is possibly that which is newly formed to accommodate the growing process. In later stages of escape, instances were observed in which the lamina was completely absent beneath an escaping cell and partially degraded beneath adjacent cells as well. These instances suggest that enzymatic digestion may play a role in degrading the lamina during mesenchymal escape. Apical desmosomes were often retained beyond the initial stages of escape. Mechanisms involved in their disruption are thus not among those which initiate escape.","PeriodicalId":50815,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Anatomy","volume":"176 1","pages":"19-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/aja.1001760103","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14610499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 42

Morphometric analysis of circadian variations in the retinal photoreceptor synaptic terminals of the adult and fetal guinea pig. 成年和胎儿豚鼠视网膜光感受器突触末端昼夜节律变化的形态计量学分析。

American Journal of Anatomy Pub Date : 1986-05-01 DOI: 10.1002/aja.1001760102

M D McCartney, D H Dickson

{"title":"Morphometric analysis of circadian variations in the retinal photoreceptor synaptic terminals of the adult and fetal guinea pig.","authors":"M D McCartney, D H Dickson","doi":"10.1002/aja.1001760102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001760102","url":null,"abstract":"In order to test whether the alterations in photoreceptor synaptic terminal size and shape reported in lower vertebrates occur in a mammalian visual system, adult and fetal guinea pig retinas were exposed to an LD 12:12 lighting cycle, as well as to long-term light (LL) and long-term dark (DD) regimes. Representative random samples from all retinal quadrants, obtained at various times during these lighting regimes, were processed for electron microscopy. The synaptic terminals of all three photoreceptor cell types in this retina (alpha and paranuclear rods, and cones) were analyzed with computer-assisted morphometrics for changes in their area, perimeter, synaptic vesicle density, and the degree of plasmalemmal infolding. The data showed all three types of adult receptor terminals to have increased area and vesicle density, as well as decreased membrane infolding, during the light period, while both types of rods showed increased perimeter measurements in the dark. Results from adults maintained under extended lighting conditions (LL and DD) showed no difference when compared with sample times during a typical LD 12:12 lighting regimen where clear statistical differences existed. Data from fetal retinas showed no significant sustainable pattern in any of the measured variables. These quantitative findings have led to the conclusion that while alterations in perimeter measurements may be explained by using the vesicle recycling hypothesis, observed changes in terminal size and shape may be controlled by a light-initiated or light-enhanced mechanism and effected through an annular configuration of cross-striated fibrils found within these photoreceptor synaptic terminals.","PeriodicalId":50815,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Anatomy","volume":"176 1","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/aja.1001760102","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14847828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

In situ localization of lectin-binding glycoconjugates in the matrix of growth-plate cartilage. 生长板软骨基质中凝集素结合糖的原位定位。

American Journal of Anatomy Pub Date : 1986-05-01 DOI: 10.1002/aja.1001760106

C E Farnum, N J Wilsman

{"title":"In situ localization of lectin-binding glycoconjugates in the matrix of growth-plate cartilage.","authors":"C E Farnum, N J Wilsman","doi":"10.1002/aja.1001760106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001760106","url":null,"abstract":"In the distal hypertrophic zone of growth-plate cartilage, the pericellular matrix surrounding individual chondrocytes and the territorial matrix uniting chondrocytes into columnar groups are invaded by metaphyseal endothelial cells prior to osteogenesis. In the present study, lectin-binding glycoconjugates were analyzed in these two matrix compartments of growth-plate cartilage from Yucatan swine. Nine lectin-fluorescein conjugates were tested by a postembedment method on 1-micron-thick, nondecalcified, Epon-embedded sections. Chondrocytes in all cellular zones were surrounded by a pericellular matrix which showed positive binding for peanut agglutinin (PNA), ricin agglutinin (RCA-I), and soybean agglutinin (SBA). Binding by these lectins was sensitive to digestion with hyaluronidase, chondroitinase, and trypsin. Pericellular glyconconjugtes that bind RCA-I and concanvalin A (CONA) after periodic acid oxidation, and which were sensitive to trypsin but not to chondroitinase or hyaluronidase, were present in the hypertrophic cell zone. Within the territorial matrix, binding of lectins specific for galactose, N-acetylgalactosamine, and fucose showed gradients of intensity which became maximal at the last transverse septum. Lectin-binding histochemistry more precisely differentiated the microheterogeneity of glycoconjugate distribution within these two matrix compartments than has been possible with other histochemical techniques. Lectin-binding affinity is a potentially useful technique by which to isolate cartilage matrix macromolecules unique to specific cellular zones of the growth plate.","PeriodicalId":50815,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Anatomy","volume":"176 1","pages":"65-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/aja.1001760106","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14847830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 19

The effects of orchidectomy and replacement therapy on the ultrastructure and gonadotropin-releasing hormone content of the median eminence of the rat. 兰花切除及替代疗法对大鼠正中隆起超微结构及促性腺激素释放激素含量的影响。

American Journal of Anatomy Pub Date : 1986-05-01 DOI: 10.1002/aja.1001760104

W C Beckman

{"title":"The effects of orchidectomy and replacement therapy on the ultrastructure and gonadotropin-releasing hormone content of the median eminence of the rat.","authors":"W C Beckman","doi":"10.1002/aja.1001760104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001760104","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of 2 weeks of orchidectomy and replacement therapy with testosterone upon the content and distribution of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in the median eminence were determined by means of radioimmunoassay and electron microscopy. Photographic montages were prepared from electron micrographs of the lateral median eminence at the point of deepest invagination of the tuberoinfundibular sulcus. Morphometric analysis of photographs of tissues immunohistochemically stained for GnRH was performed to determine changes in the volume density of GnRH-containing axon profiles following the experimental treatments. A decrease in GnRH content after orchidectomy was observed both by morphometric analysis of axon volume density and radioimmunoassay of total GnRH content. Testosterone treatment of orchidectomized animals prevented the postorchidectomy loss of GnRH. Morphometric analysis of conventional electron micrographs revealed an increase in the number of axons containing no dense-core vesicles following orchidectomy, but no decrease in volume density of the neuropil. The results indicate that the change in volume density of immunostained axons was related to the loss of immunostainable dense-core vesicles and not to a change in the size or number of axons. The area corresponding to the location of the highest concentration of GnRH-containing axons was observed to be largely avascular and separated from the vessels of the tuberoinfundibular sulcus by a \"border zone\" composed of glial foot processes. The unique morphology of the GnRH area has suggested the name \"compact zone\" to distinguish it from the palisade zone with which it is continuous medially. GnRH axons in this region are probably part of a tract extending farther caudally rather than a terminal field.","PeriodicalId":50815,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Anatomy","volume":"176 1","pages":"33-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/aja.1001760104","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14646831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Factors that determine the form of neuromuscular junctions of intrafusal fibers in the cat. 决定猫肠内纤维神经肌肉连接形式的因素。

American Journal of Anatomy Pub Date : 1986-05-01 DOI: 10.1002/aja.1001760108

J Kucera, J M Walro

{"title":"Factors that determine the form of neuromuscular junctions of intrafusal fibers in the cat.","authors":"J Kucera, J M Walro","doi":"10.1002/aja.1001760108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001760108","url":null,"abstract":"The form of terminations of fusimotor (gamma) and skeletofusimotor (beta) axons on intrafusal fibers was analyzed in serial sections of 20 spindles of the cat tenuissimus muscle. Seven synaptic features were assessed either qualitatively or quantitatively from electron micrographs of transverse sections of 184 intrafusal and 30 extrafusal endings. Features were compared among endings that were terminations of gamma or beta axons on different types of intrafusal fiber at different distances from the spindle equator. These comparisons indicated that interactions of several factors, and not the motor axon alone, determine the form of motor endings. Intrafusal muscle fiber type is dominant to the motor axon in regulation of the number and depth of postsynaptic folds. Separation of the influence of the motor axon from the muscle fiber was less clear with respect to the size of ending. Complete expression of the muscle fiber-motor axon interaction reflected by the form of motor endings is dependent upon location of the ending relative to the sensory region. Both depth of the primary synaptic cleft and size of the soleplate of motor endings increased with increasing distance of the ending from the spindle equator. A system of classification of cat intrafusal motor endings that reflects the multiplicity of factors that determine the form of endings, and one that simplifies the current terminology, is proposed.","PeriodicalId":50815,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Anatomy","volume":"176 1","pages":"97-117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/aja.1001760108","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14847831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 16

Processing of concanavalin A-receptor complexes by rat osteoclasts in vitro. 大鼠破骨细胞体外加工刀豆蛋白a受体复合物的实验研究。

American Journal of Anatomy Pub Date : 1986-05-01 DOI: 10.1002/aja.1001760105

S N Popoff, G B Schneider

{"title":"Processing of concanavalin A-receptor complexes by rat osteoclasts in vitro.","authors":"S N Popoff, G B Schneider","doi":"10.1002/aja.1001760105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001760105","url":null,"abstract":"The osteoclast is a large multinucleate cell that is widely accepted as the primary effector cell responsible for normal bone resorption. In a previous study, we demonstrated that concanavalin A (con A) has a dose-dependent biphasic effect on the bone-resorbing capacity of osteoclasts, using a 45Ca bone-organ culture system; bone resorption was stimulated at low concentrations and inhibited at high concentrations. The mitogenic property of con A in lymphocyte cultures is well documented; therefore con A has been used extensively to study the manner in which lymphocytes and other mononuclear cells process the cell-bound lectin. In this study, we have investigated the processing of con A-receptor complexes by osteoclasts in culture, using con A-FITC to evaluate the redistribution of cell-bound con A via epifluorescence microscopy and using con A-ferritin to determine whether the lectin receptor complexes are internalized. The osteoclasts were obtained from the long bones of newborn rats and allowed to attach to glass coverslips at 37 degrees C. Following attachment, the nonadherent cells were removed by rinsing. The adherent osteoclasts were preincubated in 50 micrograms/ml con A-FITC or con A-ferritin at 4 degrees C for 10 min, washed to remove unbound con A, and incubated at 37 degrees C for 15 or 30 min in the absence of con A. Positive controls were fixed immediately after preincubation at 4 degrees C; negative controls were preincubated in con A-FITC and alpha-methyl mannoside, the haptenic inhibitor of con A binding. The results demonstrate that redistribution and endocytosis of con A-receptor complexes occurs within 30 min. These findings confirm the hypothesis that cell-bound con A can alter the structure and activity of osteoclast membrane components in a manner similar to that observed in mononuclear cell cultures. The internalization of con A may be important in altering osteoclastic activity by mediating intracellular mechanisms involved in the bone-resorbing process.","PeriodicalId":50815,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Anatomy","volume":"176 1","pages":"53-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/aja.1001760105","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14847829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

An ultrastructural comparison of neuromuscular junctions in normal and developmentally arrested Rana pipiens larvae: limited maturation in the absence of metamorphosis. 神经肌肉连接在正常和发育受阻的胡蜂幼虫的超微结构比较:在没有变态的情况下有限的成熟。

American Journal of Anatomy Pub Date : 1986-05-01 DOI: 10.1002/aja.1001760107

K Lynch, M J Homer, C D Harris, J Morrissey

{"title":"An ultrastructural comparison of neuromuscular junctions in normal and developmentally arrested Rana pipiens larvae: limited maturation in the absence of metamorphosis.","authors":"K Lynch, M J Homer, C D Harris, J Morrissey","doi":"10.1002/aja.1001760107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001760107","url":null,"abstract":"Neuromuscular junctions in the rectus abdominis muscles of normal and developmentally arrested Rana pipiens larvae were studied with freeze fracture and conventional electron microscopy to determine whether structural aspects of junctional maturation depend on metamorphosis. Comparison was made between junctions in premetamorphic larvae 1-3 months old and junctions in larvae that had remained in premetamorphosis for more than a year (more than four times as long as normal). In most respects, junctions from the two groups of larvae were similar. Unlike adult junctions, nerve-muscle contacts in both larval groups were pleomorphic and often involved more than one neuronal process; Schwann cell processes very rarely extended between nerve and muscle. Active zone structure ranged from total disorganization to an adult pattern of highly ordered double rows of particles aligned over junctional folds. Only quantitative analysis revealed differences between junctions in old and young larvae. The older larvae had fewer nerve-muscle contact sites involving multiple neuronal elements and a higher ratio of active zone length to presynaptic membrane area, although the mean active zone length was the same in the two groups. The results indicate that the maturation of junctional shape, the branching pattern of the axons, and the relationship of presynaptic axons to Schwann cells must be directly or indirectly dependent on the hormonal or behavioral changes associated with metamorphosis.","PeriodicalId":50815,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Anatomy","volume":"176 1","pages":"83-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/aja.1001760107","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14610500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4