American Journal of Chinese Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Standardized Extract of <i>Centella asiatica</i> Prevents Fear Memory Deficit in 3xTg-AD Mice.","authors":"Tanita Pairojana,&nbsp;Sarayut Phasuk,&nbsp;Mayuree H Tantisira,&nbsp;Kai-Chi Liang,&nbsp;Sittiruk Roytrakul,&nbsp;Narawut Pakaprot,&nbsp;Supin Chompoopong,&nbsp;Sutisa Nudmamud-Thanoi,&nbsp;Yang Ming,&nbsp;Ingrid Y Liu","doi":"10.1142/S0192415X23500179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X23500179","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ECa 233 is a standardized extract of <i>Centella asiatica</i> (CA), an herb widely used in traditional Chinese and Ayurvedic medicine. Previous studies reported that ECa 233 enhanced memory retention and synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus of healthy rats. Because of this, we became curious whether ECa 233 has a therapeutic effect on the fear memory deficit in the triple transgenic Alzheimer's disease (3xTg-AD) model mice. Fear memory is a crucial emotional memory for survival that is found to be impaired in patients with early-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, we orally administered ECa 233 (doses: 10, 30, and 100[Formula: see text]mg/kg) to 3xTg-AD mice, who were five months old, for 30 consecutive days. We found that ECa 233 prevented a cued fear memory deficit and enhanced hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) in 3xTg-AD mice. Subsequent proteomic and western blot analyses revealed increased expression levels of the molecules related to LTP induction and maintenance, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB) and its network proteins, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1 and 2) in the hippocampi and amygdala of 3xTg-AD mice after ECa 233 pre-treatment. Our results indicate that ECa 233 is a promising potential herbal standardized extract that could be used in preventing the fear memory deficit and synaptic dysfunction before the early onset of AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":50814,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Chinese Medicine","volume":"51 2","pages":"329-353"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9202930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quercetin Ameliorates Diabetic Kidney Injury by Inhibiting Ferroptosis via Activating Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway.","authors":"Qi Feng,&nbsp;Yang Yang,&nbsp;Yingjin Qiao,&nbsp;Yifeng Zheng,&nbsp;Xiaoyue Yu,&nbsp;Fengxun Liu,&nbsp;Hui Wang,&nbsp;Bin Zheng,&nbsp;Shaokang Pan,&nbsp;Kaidi Ren,&nbsp;Dongwei Liu,&nbsp;Zhangsuo Liu","doi":"10.1142/S0192415X23500465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X23500465","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is thought to be the major cause of end-stage renal disease. Due to its complicated pathogenesis and the low efficacy of DN treatment, a deep understanding of new etiological factors may be useful. Ferroptosis, a nonapoptotic form of cell death, is characterized by the accumulation of iron-dependent lipid peroxides to lethal levels. Ferroptosis-triggered renal tubular injury is reported to participate in the development of DN, and blocking ferroptosis might be an effective strategy to prevent the development of DN. Quercetin (QCT), a natural flavonoid that is present in a variety of fruits and vegetables, has been reported to ameliorate DN. However, its underlying nephroprotective mechanism is unclear. Herein, we explored the antiferroptosic effect of QCT and verified its nephroprotective effect using DN mice and high glucose (HG)-incubated renal tubular epithelial cell models. We found HG-induced abnormal activation of ferroptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells, and QCT treatment inhibited ferroptosis by downregulating the expression of transferrin receptor 1 (TFR-1) and upregulating the expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH-1), and the cystine/glutamate reverse antiporter solute carrier family 7 member (SLC7A11) in DN mice and HG-incubated HK-2 cells. Subsequently, both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> results confirmed that QCT activated the NFE2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/Heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) signaling pathway by increasing the levels of Nrf2 and HO-1. Therefore, this study supports that QCT inhibits the ferroptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells by regulating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway, providing a novel insight into the protective mechanism of QCT in DN treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":50814,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Chinese Medicine","volume":"51 4","pages":"997-1018"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9640736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anticancer Effects of Morusin in Prostate Cancer via Inhibition of Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway.","authors":"Hsin-En Wu,&nbsp;Chia-Cheng Su,&nbsp;Shu-Chi Wang,&nbsp;Po-Len Liu,&nbsp;Wei-Chung Cheng,&nbsp;Hsin-Chih Yeh,&nbsp;Chih-Pin Chuu,&nbsp;Jen-Kun Chen,&nbsp;Bo-Ying Bao,&nbsp;Cheng Hsueh Lee,&nbsp;Chien-Chih Ke,&nbsp;Yuan-Ru Chen,&nbsp;Yun-Hsin Yu,&nbsp;Shu-Pin Huang,&nbsp;Chia-Yang Li","doi":"10.1142/S0192415X23500477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X23500477","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most prevalent cancer in men worldwide. The majority of PCa incidences eventually progress to castration-resistant PCa (CRPC), thereby establishing an urgent need for new effective therapeutic strategies. This study aims to examine the effects of morusin, a prenylated flavonoid isolated from <i>Morus alba</i> L., on PCa progression and identify the regulatory mechanism of morusin. Cell growth, cell migration and invasion, and the expression of EMT markers were examined. Cycle progression and cell apoptosis were examined using flow cytometry and a TUNEL assay, while transcriptome analysis was performed using RNA-seq with results being further validated using real-time PCR and western blot. A xenograft PCa model was used to examine tumor growth. Our experimental results indicated that morusin significantly attenuated the growth of PC-3 and 22Rv1 human PCa cells; moreover, morusin significantly suppressed TGF-[Formula: see text]-induced cell migration and invasion and inhibited EMT in PC-3 and 22Rv1 cells. Significantly, morusin treatment caused cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and induced cell apoptosis in PC-3 and 22Rv1 cells. Morusin also attenuated tumor growth in a xenograft murine model. The results of RNA-seq indicated that morusin regulated PCa cells through the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, while our western blot results confirmed that morusin suppressed phosphorylation of AKT, mTOR, p70S6K, and downregulation of the expression of Raptor and Rictor <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>. These results suggest that morusin has antitumor activities on regulating PCa progression, including migration, invasion, and formation of metastasis, and might be a potential drug for CRPC treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":50814,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Chinese Medicine","volume":"51 4","pages":"1019-1039"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9641288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Changning Liu, Lijuan Zhang, Ying Li, Mingxiang Li, Huan Han, Kangfeng Wang","doi":"10.1142/S0192415X2350026X","DOIUrl":"10.1142/S0192415X2350026X","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Chinese patent medicine compared with western medicine in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease using the Network Meta-analysis. This study retrieved relevant studies from 7 databases, and the retrieval time was from the establishment of each database to June 2022. After the screening, data extraction, and quality assessment, 47 studies were finally analyzed, involving 11 Chinese patent medicines. The results demonstrated that Chinese patent medicine intervention was superior to oral western medicine treatment in improving the patient's condition as assessed by the Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE), Activities of Daily Living (ADL), effective rate, and Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive section (ADAS-Cog). Particularly, the effect of Chinese patent medicine combined with western medicine intervention was prominent. Meanwhile, Chinese patent medicine intervention in AD did not significantly increase the risk of adverse reactions. The results of the Network Meta-analysis demonstrated that Chinese patent medicine combined with western medicine had statistically significant differences in the MMSE score, ADL score, effective rate, and ADAS-Cog score, compared with both western medicine alone and Chinese patent medicine alone. In terms of adverse reactions, the difference between Chinese patent medicine intervention and simple oral western medicine was statistically significant. The results of further ranking probability analysis demonstrated that Chinese patent medicine combined with western medicine intervention ranked first in terms of MMSE, ADL, effective rate, and ADAS-Cog. Additionally, oral Chinese patent medicine intervention alone ranked first in reducing adverse reactions. In the funnel plots of the MMSE, ADL, and effective rate, most studies were symmetrically distributed on both sides of the midline, where small sample effects and publication bias might exist to some extent. However, this conclusion still needs to be combined with clinical syndrome differentiation and treatment, and more large-sample, multi-center, high-quality studies are needed for further verification.</p>","PeriodicalId":50814,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Chinese Medicine","volume":"51 3","pages":"517-546"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9897420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytokine Storm in Acute Viral Respiratory Injury: Role of Qing-Fei-Pai-Du Decoction in Inhibiting the Infiltration of Neutrophils and Macrophages through TAK1/IKK/NF-[Formula: see text]B Pathway.","authors":"Xiao-Lan Ye, Sai-Sai Tian, Chen-Chen Tang, Xin-Ru Jiang, Dan Liu, Gui-Zhen Yang, Huan Zhang, You Hu, Tian-Tian Li, Xin Jiang, Hou-Kai Li, Yan-Chun Peng, Ning-Ning Zheng, Guang-Bo Ge, Wei Liu, Ai-Ping Lv, Hai-Kun Wang, Hong-Zhuan Chen, Ling-Pei Ho, Wei-Dong Zhang, Yue-Juan Zheng","doi":"10.1142/S0192415X23500532","DOIUrl":"10.1142/S0192415X23500532","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>COVID-19 has posed unprecedented challenges to global public health since its outbreak. The Qing-Fei-Pai-Du decoction (QFPDD), a Chinese herbal formula, is widely used in China to treat COVID-19. It exerts an impressive therapeutic effect by inhibiting the progression from mild to critical disease in the clinic. However, the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. Both SARS-CoV-2 and influenza viruses elicit similar pathological processes. Their severe manifestations, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), multiple organ failure (MOF), and viral sepsis, are correlated with the cytokine storm. During flu infection, QFPDD reduced the lung indexes and downregulated the expressions of MCP-1, TNF-[Formula: see text], IL-6, and IL-1[Formula: see text] in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF), lungs, or serum samples. The infiltration of neutrophils and inflammatory monocytes in lungs was decreased dramatically, and lung injury was ameliorated in QFPDD-treated flu mice. In addition, QFPDD also inhibited the polarization of M1 macrophages and downregulated the expressions of IL-6, TNF-[Formula: see text], MIP-2, MCP-1, and IP-10, while also upregulating the IL-10 expression. The phosphorylated TAK1, IKK[Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text], and I[Formula: see text]B[Formula: see text] and the subsequent translocation of phosphorylated p65 into the nuclei were decreased by QFPDD. These findings indicated that QFPDD reduces the intensity of the cytokine storm by inhibiting the NF-[Formula: see text]B signaling pathway during severe viral infections, thereby providing theoretical and experimental support for its clinical application in respiratory viral infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":50814,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Chinese Medicine","volume":"51 5","pages":"1153-1188"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9856728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maslinic Acid Ameliorates Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion Injury-Induced Oxidative Stress via Activating Nrf2 and Inhibiting NF-[Formula: see text]B Pathways.","authors":"Qi Li,&nbsp;Zhuqing Li,&nbsp;Chunlei Liu,&nbsp;Mengping Xu,&nbsp;Tingting Li,&nbsp;Yanxin Wang,&nbsp;Jiaxin Feng,&nbsp;Xuemei Yin,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Du,&nbsp;Chengzhi Lu","doi":"10.1142/S0192415X2350043X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X2350043X","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Maslinic acid (MA) is a pentacyclic triterpene obtained from the peel of olives that exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in several conditions. Our previous study revealed that MA exerted a cardioprotective effect by repressing inflammation and apoptosis during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI). However, data regarding the antioxidative effects of MA on MIRI remains limited. This study aims to elucidate the antioxidative roles and underlying mechanisms of MA on MIRI. The left anterior descending coronary artery of rats was subjected to ligate for the induction of the ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) model and the H9c2 cells were exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) to mimic oxidative stress. The results showed that MA reduced the I/R-induced myocardial injury and H₂O₂-induced cardiomyocyte death in a dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, MA increased the activities of glutathione and superoxide dismutase both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> while lowering the levels of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde. Mechanistically, MA could facilitate Nrf2 nuclear translocation, activate the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway, and repress the NF-[Formula: see text]B signaling pathway both in I/R- and H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress. Besides, MA promoted the intranuclear Nrf2 and HO-1 expression, which could in part be improved by QNZ (NF-[Formula: see text]B inhibitor) in H₂O₂-insulted cells. Conversely, MA markedly reduced the intranuclear NF-[Formula: see text]B p65 and TNF-[Formula: see text] expression, which could be partially abolished by ML385 (Nrf2 inhibitor). Overall, our results indicate that MA, in a dose-dependent manner, mitigated I/R-induced myocardial injury and oxidative stress via activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and inhibiting NF-[Formula: see text]B activation. Furthermore, MA exerts its cardioprotective effect through regulating the crosstalk between the Nrf2 and NF-[Formula: see text]B pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":50814,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Chinese Medicine","volume":"51 4","pages":"929-951"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10004327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overlapping Symptoms of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders: Current Challenges and the Role of Traditional Chinese Medicine.","authors":"Jinke Huang,&nbsp;Ting Chen,&nbsp;Jiaqi Zhang,&nbsp;Xiangxue Ma,&nbsp;Fengyun Wang,&nbsp;Xudong Tang","doi":"10.1142/S0192415X23500398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X23500398","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Several functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) have overlapping symptoms, and, consequently, developing treatment strategies based on symptomatology poses a challenge for the clinical management of complex FGIDs. The significant overlap in the symptoms of FGIDs caused by the shared pathophysiological mechanisms is both a challenge and an excellent target for therapeutic development, since treatment strategies focused on shared pathophysiological mechanisms can treat the associated underlying diseases rather than just alleviating the primary symptoms. Owing to its multi-targeted approach, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has garnered immense interest worldwide; however, the quality of the data demonstrating its effectiveness is generally weak. Additionally, the causal link between the intrinsic mechanisms of action of TCM and its clinical benefits remains obscure. Systems biology is characterized by holistic and dynamic research, which corresponds to the holistic, multi-targeted, and syndrome-based approach of TCM. Therefore, high-throughput analysis techniques can be employed to describe and comprehend the genesis and progression of diseases, as well as the impacts of TCM on the organism, which may aid in elucidating the pathogenic mechanisms of the diseases as well as the mechanism of action of TCM.</p>","PeriodicalId":50814,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Chinese Medicine","volume":"51 4","pages":"833-857"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10023880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Coptis chinensis</i>-Induced Changes in Metabolomics and Gut Microbiota in Rats.","authors":"Yong-Xiang Wang,&nbsp;Jin-Ying Zhang,&nbsp;Yu-Min Cao,&nbsp;Tong Liu,&nbsp;Zhen-Kai Zhang,&nbsp;Bing-Xian Zhang,&nbsp;Wei-Sheng Feng,&nbsp;Kai Li,&nbsp;Xiao-Ke Zheng,&nbsp;Ning Zhou","doi":"10.1142/S0192415X23500702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X23500702","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Rhizoma coptidis</i> (CR) is traditionally used for treating gastrointestinal diseases. Wine-processed CR (wCR), zingiber-processed CR (zCR), and evodia-processed CR (eCR) are its major processed products. However, the related study of their specific mechanisms is very limited, and they need to be further clarified. The aim of this study is to compare the intervening mechanism of wCR/zCR/eCR on rats via faecal metabolomics and 16S rDNA gene sequencing analysis. First, faecal samples were collected from the control and CR/wCR/zCR/eCR groups. Then, a metabolomics analysis was performed using UHPLC-Q/TOF-MS to obtain the metabolic profile and significantly altered metabolites. The 16S rDNA gene sequencing analysis was carried out to analyze the composition of gut microbiota and screen out the significantly altered microbiota at the genus level. Finally, a pathway enrichment analysis of the significantly altered metabolites via the KEGG database and a functional prediction of relevant gut microbes based on PICRUSt2 software were performed in combination. Together with the correlation analysis between metabolites and gut microbiota, the potential intervening mechanism of wCR/zCR/eCR was explored. The results suggested that wCR played a good role in maintaining immune homeostasis, promoting glycolysis, and reducing cholesterol; zCR had a better effect on protecting the integrity of the intestinal mucus barrier, preventing gastric ulcers, and reducing body cholesterol; eCR was good at protecting the integrity of the intestinal mucus barrier and promoting glycolysis. This study scientifically elucidated the intervening mechanism of wCR/zCR/eCR from the perspective of faecal metabolites and gut microbiota, providing a new insight into the processing mechanism research of Chinese herbs.</p>","PeriodicalId":50814,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Chinese Medicine","volume":"51 6","pages":"1547-1576"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10499299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of <i>Rosa roxburghii</i> Tratt on Ulcerative Colitis: An Integrated Analysis of Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation.","authors":"Yu-Hong Kang,&nbsp;Ting Zhou,&nbsp;Shou-Xun Wu,&nbsp;Xing-Jie Li,&nbsp;Xiao-Yi Huang,&nbsp;Rui Xia,&nbsp;Yi-Han Ling,&nbsp;He-Ting Zhou,&nbsp;Shu-Wen Zhang,&nbsp;Wen-Ya Yin","doi":"10.1142/S0192415X23500672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X23500672","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Rosa roxburghii</i> Tratt is a traditional Chinese plant that has been used to treat different inflammatory diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism of action of <i>Rosa roxburghii</i> Tratt extract (RRTE) against ulcerative colitis (UC) using network pharmacology and experimental validation. HPLC-Q/Orbitrap MS was used to rapidly identify the substances contained in RRTE after extracting the active components from the fruit. Then, network pharmacology combined with molecular docking was used to explore the critical target and potential mechanism of RRTE against UC using the active ingredients in RRTE as the research object. Data are presented in a visual manner. Finally, the pharmacological effects of RRTE in alleviating UC were further verified using a DSS-induced UC model of NCM460. The results showed that 25 components in RRTE were identified. A total of 250 targets of the active components and 5376 targets associated with UC were collected. Furthermore, a systematic analysis of the Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) networks suggests that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 (PIK3R1), and serine/threonine kinase 1 (AKT1) are critical targets for RRTE in the treatment of UC. A comprehensive regulatory network analysis showed that RRTE alleviated UC through the EGFR-mediated PI3K/Akt pathway, and molecular docking showed that active components could strongly bind to EGFR, PIK3R1, and AKT1. In addition, RRTE alleviated dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS)-induced cell injury and significantly decreased the protein expression levels of EGFR, PIK3R1, and p-AKT in NCM460 cells <i>in vitro</i>. Furthermore, RRTE significantly regulated the expression of the apoptosis-related proteins Apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 (Apaf1), cleaved caspase-3, B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl2), and Bcl2 associated X protein (Bax). In conclusion, the components of RRTE are complex, and RRTE can relieve UC through the EGFR-mediated PI3K/Akt pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":50814,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Chinese Medicine","volume":"51 6","pages":"1477-1499"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10499301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"20(S)-Protopanaxadiol from <i>Panax ginseng</i> Induces Apoptosis and Autophagy in Gastric Cancer Cells by Inhibiting Src.","authors":"Chaoran Song,&nbsp;Ting Shen,&nbsp;Han Gyung Kim,&nbsp;Weicheng Hu,&nbsp;Jae Youl Cho","doi":"10.1142/S0192415X2350012X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X2350012X","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>20(S)-protopanaxadiol (PPD), a metabolite of <i>Panax ginseng</i>, has multiple pharmacological properties. However, the effects of PPD against human gastric cancer have not been elucidated. Our purpose in this study was to investigate if PPD has anticancer effects against human gastric cancer <i>in vitro</i>. Cell viability, migration, clone formation, and invasion were assessed to explore the effects of PPD on cancer cells. PI and annexin V staining as well as immunoblotting were employed to determine if PPD-induced apoptosis and autophagy of MKN1 and MKN45 cells. The target of PPD was identified using immunoblotting, overexpression analysis, and flow cytometric analysis. PPD exhibited significantly suppressed cell viability, migration, colony formation, and invasion. Phosphorylation of Src and its down-stream effectors were inhibited by PPD. PPD-enhanced apoptosis and autophagy in a dose- and time-dependent manner by inhibiting Src. Collectively, our results demonstrate that PPD induces apoptosis and autophagy in gastric cancer cells <i>in vitro</i> by inhibiting Src.</p>","PeriodicalId":50814,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Chinese Medicine","volume":"51 1","pages":"205-221"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9204316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}