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From Fitness-Centered to Trait-Centered Explanations: What Evolutionary Transitions in Individuality Teach Us About Fitness – ADDENDUM 从以体质为中心的解释到以特质为中心的解释：个体性的进化转变告诉我们什么是 "健壮性" - 增编
Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2024-05-14 DOI: 10.1017/psa.2024.16
Peter Takacs, Guilhem Doulcier, Pierrick Bourrat
{"title":"From Fitness-Centered to Trait-Centered Explanations: What Evolutionary Transitions in Individuality Teach Us About Fitness – ADDENDUM","authors":"Peter Takacs, Guilhem Doulcier, Pierrick Bourrat","doi":"10.1017/psa.2024.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/psa.2024.16","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":508051,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140978945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Mitonuclear Compatibility Species Concept, Intrinsic Essentialism, and Natural Kinds 有丝核相容性物种概念、内在本质论和自然种类
Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2024-05-13 DOI: 10.1017/psa.2024.18
Kyle B. Heine, E. Shech
{"title":"The Mitonuclear Compatibility Species Concept, Intrinsic Essentialism, and Natural Kinds","authors":"Kyle B. Heine, E. Shech","doi":"10.1017/psa.2024.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/psa.2024.18","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This essay introduces, develops, and appraises the mitonuclear compatibility species concept (MCSC), identifying advantages and limitations with respect to alternative species concepts. While the consensus amongst most philosophers of biology is that (kind) essentialism about species is mistaken, and that species at most have relational essences, we appeal to the MCSC to defend a thoroughgoing intrinsic essentialism. Namely, the doctrine that species have fully intrinsic essences and, thus, are natural kinds (of sorts), while allowing that species aren’t categorically distinct.","PeriodicalId":508051,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140985315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
“Philosophy of Astrophysics: Stars, Simulations, and the Struggle to Determine What is Out There”, edited by Nora Mills Boyd, Siska De Baerdemaeker, Kevin Heng, and Vera Matarese, Cham: Springer, 2023. "天体物理学哲学：由诺拉-米尔斯-博伊德（Nora Mills Boyd）、西斯卡-德-巴德梅克（Siska De Baerdemaeker）、凯文-亨（Kevin Heng）和维拉-马塔雷斯（Vera Matarese）编辑的《恒星、模拟和确定外界事物的斗争》，Cham：斯普林格出版社，2023 年。
Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2024-05-13 DOI: 10.1017/psa.2024.14
Silvia De Bianchi
{"title":"“Philosophy of Astrophysics: Stars, Simulations, and the Struggle to Determine What is Out There”, edited by Nora Mills Boyd, Siska De Baerdemaeker, Kevin Heng, and Vera Matarese, Cham: Springer, 2023.","authors":"Silvia De Bianchi","doi":"10.1017/psa.2024.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/psa.2024.14","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":508051,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140985308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
To Hedge or Not to Hedge: Scientific Claims and Public Justification 对冲与否：科学主张与公共理由
Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2024-05-07 DOI: 10.1017/psa.2024.17
Zina B. Ward, Kathleen A. Creel
{"title":"To Hedge or Not to Hedge: Scientific Claims and Public Justification","authors":"Zina B. Ward, Kathleen A. Creel","doi":"10.1017/psa.2024.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/psa.2024.17","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Scientific hedges are communicative devices used to qualify and weaken scientific claims. Gregor Betz (2013) has argued – unconvincingly, we think – that hedging can rescue the value-free ideal for science. Nevertheless, Betz is onto something when he suggests there are political principles that recommend scientists hedge public-facing claims. In this paper, we recast this suggestion using the notion of public justification. We formulate and reject a Rawlsian argument that locates the justification for hedging in its ability to forge consensus. On our alternative proposal, hedging is often justified because it renders scientific claims as publicly accessible reasons.","PeriodicalId":508051,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141004041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Triangulation, Incommensurability, and Conditionalization 三角测量、不可通约性和条件化
Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2024-03-27 DOI: 10.1017/psa.2024.11
Amir Liron, Ittay Nissan-Rozen
{"title":"Triangulation, Incommensurability, and Conditionalization","authors":"Amir Liron, Ittay Nissan-Rozen","doi":"10.1017/psa.2024.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/psa.2024.11","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 We present a new justification for Methodological Triangulation (MT), the practice of using different methods to support the same scientific claim. Unlike existing accounts, our account captures cases in which the different methods in question are associated with, and relies on, incommensurable theories. Using a non-standard Bayesian model, we show that even in such cases, a commitment to the minimal form of epistemic conservatism, captured by the rigidity condition that stands at the basis of Jeffrey’s conditionalization, supports the practice of MT.","PeriodicalId":508051,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140374051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Review of Werner Heisenberg’s Reality and its Order – CORRIGENDUM 评论沃纳-海森堡的《现实及其秩序》 - CORRIGENDUM
Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2024-03-25 DOI: 10.1017/psa.2023.180
{"title":"Review of Werner Heisenberg’s Reality and its Order – CORRIGENDUM","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/psa.2023.180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/psa.2023.180","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":508051,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140383454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Functions and Populations: Sharpening the Generalized Selected Effects Theory of Function 函数与群体：强化功能的广义选择效应理论
Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.1017/psa.2024.3
Justin Garson
{"title":"Functions and Populations: Sharpening the Generalized Selected Effects Theory of Function","authors":"Justin Garson","doi":"10.1017/psa.2024.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/psa.2024.3","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The generalized selected effects theory of function (GSE) holds that a trait’s proper function is an activity that historically caused its differential persistence or differential reproduction within a population, construed as a collection of individuals that impact each other’s persistence or reproduction chances. Several critics have taken aim at GSE on the grounds that its appeal to populations is either unfit for purpose or arbitrary. Here I revise GSE by articulating a notion of population that is fit to purpose and showing that its selection is not arbitrary but flows from the realist commitments of the selected effects theory itself.","PeriodicalId":508051,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139834409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Functions and Populations: Sharpening the Generalized Selected Effects Theory of Function 函数与群体：强化功能的广义选择效应理论
Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.1017/psa.2024.3
Justin Garson
{"title":"Functions and Populations: Sharpening the Generalized Selected Effects Theory of Function","authors":"Justin Garson","doi":"10.1017/psa.2024.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/psa.2024.3","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The generalized selected effects theory of function (GSE) holds that a trait’s proper function is an activity that historically caused its differential persistence or differential reproduction within a population, construed as a collection of individuals that impact each other’s persistence or reproduction chances. Several critics have taken aim at GSE on the grounds that its appeal to populations is either unfit for purpose or arbitrary. Here I revise GSE by articulating a notion of population that is fit to purpose and showing that its selection is not arbitrary but flows from the realist commitments of the selected effects theory itself.","PeriodicalId":508051,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139774689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
What is the Replication Crisis a Crisis Of? 什么是复制危机？
Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2024-02-08 DOI: 10.1017/psa.2024.2
Uljana Feest
{"title":"What is the Replication Crisis a Crisis Of?","authors":"Uljana Feest","doi":"10.1017/psa.2024.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/psa.2024.2","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In recent debates about the replication crisis, two positions have been dominant: One that focuses on methodological reforms and one that focuses on theory-building. This paper takes up the suggestion that there might be a deeper difference in play, concerning the ways the very subject matter of psychology is construed by opposing camps, i.e., in terms of stable effects vs in terms of complexity. I argue that both gets something right, but neither is sufficient. My analysis suggests that the context-sensitivity of the psychological subject matter needs to be front and center of methodological and theoretical efforts.","PeriodicalId":508051,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139793480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
What is the Replication Crisis a Crisis Of? 什么是复制危机？
Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2024-02-08 DOI: 10.1017/psa.2024.2
Uljana Feest
{"title":"What is the Replication Crisis a Crisis Of?","authors":"Uljana Feest","doi":"10.1017/psa.2024.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/psa.2024.2","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In recent debates about the replication crisis, two positions have been dominant: One that focuses on methodological reforms and one that focuses on theory-building. This paper takes up the suggestion that there might be a deeper difference in play, concerning the ways the very subject matter of psychology is construed by opposing camps, i.e., in terms of stable effects vs in terms of complexity. I argue that both gets something right, but neither is sufficient. My analysis suggests that the context-sensitivity of the psychological subject matter needs to be front and center of methodological and theoretical efforts.","PeriodicalId":508051,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139853328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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