Animal Conservation最新文献

{"title":"Understanding early reproductive failure in turtles and tortoises","authors":"A. Lavigne,&nbsp;R. Bullock,&nbsp;N. J. Shah,&nbsp;C. Tagg,&nbsp;A. Zora,&nbsp;N. Hemmings","doi":"10.1111/acv.12986","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acv.12986","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Turtles and tortoises (Order Testudines) are facing an extinction crisis, and ecosystems are at risk of collapsing with the loss of key roles they play. Hatching failure is a crucial barrier to population growth and persistence, but its causes are poorly understood, and it is unknown whether fertilization rates are declining as many populations become smaller and more female-biased. Here, we show that very few studies of turtle and tortoise hatching success consider fertilization rates, and those that do use unreliable methods to determine egg fertility. We also show that studies of hatching success are biased towards marine turtles, as opposed to freshwater and terrestrial species, and wild rather than captive populations. To address the lack of reliable methods for assessing fertilization rates in turtles and tortoises, a microscopy-based method (originally designed for bird eggs) for detecting perivitelline membrane (PVM) bound sperm and embryonic nuclei in the germinal disc of unhatched eggs has been developed and tested (in turtle and tortoise eggs). We demonstrate that this method provides unequivocal evidence of egg fertilization in five different turtle and tortoise species from both captive and wild populations, even after eggs have been left in wild nests for the full incubation period. This methodological approach represents a valuable tool for monitoring egg fertility and embryo survival rates in turtles and tortoises, with the potential to provide important insights into the underlying drivers of reproductive failure in threatened captive and wild populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":50786,"journal":{"name":"Animal Conservation","volume":"28 3","pages":"353-364"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/acv.12986","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142260622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing population viability and management strategies for species recovery of the critically endangered Puerto Rican parrot","authors":"L. J. Faust,&nbsp;T. M. Martínez,&nbsp;A. W. Parsons,&nbsp;T. H. White Jr.,&nbsp;R. Valentin,&nbsp;J. Vélez-Valentín,&nbsp;B. Ramos-Güivas,&nbsp;S. S. Nelson,&nbsp;M. Lopez","doi":"10.1111/acv.12987","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acv.12987","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Recovery of endangered species is challenging and lengthy, especially when it involves reintroduction and dynamic environmental conditions. Because managers often need to decide between many management strategies with uncertain outcomes, periodically assessing progress toward recovery using population viability analysis (PVA) can help guide decision-making. We developed a PVA for the critically endangered Puerto Rican parrot (<i>Amazona vittata</i>) to evaluate current status and potential future management strategies to reach goals set in the Recovery Plan. Having grown from their nadir of 13 birds in 1976 to 686 in 2021, the recovery effort has made great progress. Using 15 years of data, we built an individual-based PVA that included interactions between two captive and three wild populations connected via annual releases. If management continues as planned, the wild populations have no to moderate risks of extinction (0–32%) over the next 100 years. However, wild populations remain dependent on releases to sustain growth, and recovery targets for stable population growth and connectivity have not yet been reached. Our analysis suggests that hurricanes are an impediment to reaching recovery targets and impact some wild populations more than others based on geography. Projections with climate-change-induced higher hurricane impact resulted in wild populations being less likely to stabilize. We identified demographic rates and associated management strategies that could positively impact wild populations: increasing reproduction (e.g., via increasing artificial nests, improving nest success) and decreasing first-year mortality (e.g., via targeted predator control). Based on our current understanding of Puerto Rican parrot demographics, species recovery will continue to be management-dependent unless demographic rates can be altered. As more data are gathered, especially for data-sparse populations and in the face of environmental change, future iterations of this model can re-evaluate progress, update management strategies, and provide support for deciding if and when to delist this iconic species.</p>","PeriodicalId":50786,"journal":{"name":"Animal Conservation","volume":"28 1","pages":"104-118"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/acv.12987","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142260621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Go where you know: range expansion and fidelity in mountain caribou following eight years of maternity penning","authors":"D. Hoffart,&nbsp;C. J. Johnson,&nbsp;R. S. McNay","doi":"10.1111/acv.12975","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acv.12975","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Woodland caribou (<i>Rangifer tarandus caribou</i>) are designated as Threatened or Endangered in Canada, with many populations being at risk of extirpation. Approaches for caribou conservation can be both invasive and expensive. For example, maternity penning involves the relocation of pregnant females to a predator-free fenced enclosure where they are held for 20–22 weeks. This activity greatly reduces the risk of predation for adult females and their dependent calves, but requires the construction, maintenance, and monitoring of a penning facility as well as the risk associated with the capture and transport of adult caribou. With only four maternity pen trials within the last decade, there has been little study of the potential influence of maternity penning on the distribution and habitat use of caribou after release. We used Brownian Bridge Movement Models to examine changes in range fidelity and overall range use of the Klinse-Za caribou herd in north-central British Columbia, Canada, following eight years of maternity penning. We generated annual home range utilisation distributions and examined the space use of caribou among years and between penned and unpenned animals, as well as pre-penning and post-penning time periods. We found that following penning, caribou shifted distribution to areas near maternity pens and expanded their overall use of range. However, caribou did not shift their distribution relative to the elevation of their mountainous habitats. Our results suggest that caribou can adapt to capture and forced displacement without altering patterns of instinctual or learned habitat use.</p>","PeriodicalId":50786,"journal":{"name":"Animal Conservation","volume":"28 2","pages":"224-235"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/acv.12975","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142260625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How did the elephant cross the fence? Electric fence crossing by elephants in Udawalawe, Sri Lanka","authors":"A. D. G. Ranjeewa,&nbsp;R. J. Thomas,&nbsp;D. K. Weerakoon,&nbsp;G. H. N. A. Sandanayake,&nbsp;P. Fernando","doi":"10.1111/acv.12982","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acv.12982","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Electric fences are widely used in human–elephant conflict mitigation. However, elephants constantly challenge and overcome fences, which is a growing concern. We studied how elephants crossed the perimeter electric fence around the Udawalawe National Park (UWNP), Sri Lanka. Using camera traps, we monitored 18 fence posts and an open gate in the fence over 605 days from 2016 to 2019. Photographs of 3097 fence crossings were analysed to obtain demographic data for fence crossing elephants, crossing methods, and the daily and seasonal timing of fence crossing. We identified 77 adult males and 12 adult females that crossed the fence, which represent about 17% of the adult elephants in UWNP. Most of the crossings were through the open gate at night. Elephants used a variety of crossing methods, comprised of crossing at the open gate, at previously toppled posts, by crashing through wires and stepping over wires, as well as by using the trunk or forefeet to topple posts. Fence voltage was not a determinant of fence crossing. The frequency and timing of fence crossings varied between locations with later exits and less time spent outside, at crossing points bordering human dominated areas. Our results emphasis on the importance of taking into account the problem solving abilities of elephants in fence design and location, such as energising fence posts and constructing exclosure fences at the boundaries of crop fields and settlements, in employing electric fences to mitigate human-elephant conflict.</p>","PeriodicalId":50786,"journal":{"name":"Animal Conservation","volume":"28 2","pages":"197-207"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142180649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Source population and time spent in captivity affect survival and reproduction of long-distance translocated northern bobwhites","authors":"A. Schmidt,&nbsp;G. Beane,&nbsp;J. A. Martin","doi":"10.1111/acv.12985","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acv.12985","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Northern bobwhites (<i>Colinus virginianus</i>) have become a species of great conservation priority because of widespread and ongoing population declines. Long-distance translocations are becoming increasingly used to access a source population with densities high enough to support translocation. Two key uncertainties exist regarding the efficacy of long-distance translocations: choosing a source population with adaptations that will be successful in a novel environment and mitigating the stress response common during the translocation process. We translocated bobwhites from the South Texas Plains and the Floridian Coastal Plain to a recipient site in the Floridian Coastal Plain in 2021 and 2022 to compare the survival and productivity of bobwhites translocated from two different source populations. We also evaluated how varying holding times during the translocation process influenced the success of the translocated individuals. Breeding season survival, nest propensity and fecundity were greater for Florida resident and Florida translocated bobwhites relative to Texas translocated bobwhites. We observed high rates of mortality during the transport and holding processes, but holding time did not affect breeding season survival of Texas translocated bobwhites. Both nest success and fecundity of Texas translocated bobwhites were negatively affected by holding time. Bobwhites translocated long distances may have the adaptive capacity to be successful in novel environments, but the consequences of translocation stress can be detrimental. Future translocation planning should consider choosing source populations from similar ecoregions to simultaneously decrease translocation distances and potential stress from translocation.</p>","PeriodicalId":50786,"journal":{"name":"Animal Conservation","volume":"28 3","pages":"365-379"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/acv.12985","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142180651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"That woodland Caribou were released during the anthropause from a ‘landscape of fear’ caused by heli-skiing is not supported by available evidence","authors":"Steven F. Wilson","doi":"10.1111/acv.12967","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acv.12967","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;The disruption in socio-economic activity during the COVID-19 pandemic, commonly labeled the “anthropause,” provided an opportunity to observe the effects of a pause in human-related activities on ecological systems (e.g., Naidoo &amp; Burton, &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;; Gaiser &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;; Perkins, Shilling, &amp; Collinson, &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;). However, this treatment of reduced activity was not under the spatial or temporal control of researchers, and therefore, estimated effects could be confounded in time by unobserved factors that varied over the course of the study.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In British Columbia, Canada, heli-ski operators suspended or severely curtailed their activities for the 2020–2021 season in response to international border closures and public health requirements (HeliCat Canada, &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;). Gill &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;. (&lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;) analyzed the late winter movements of woodland caribou (&lt;i&gt;Rangifer tarandus caribou&lt;/i&gt;) before, during, and after the anthropause. They reported that caribou home ranges were largest during the anthropause, and inferred that the reduction in heli-skiing activity released caribou from a “landscape of fear” (Bleicher, &lt;span&gt;2017&lt;/span&gt;). However, Gill &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;.'s (2023) analysis identified a year effect, but not evidence that heli-skiing was the cause.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Mean home range size during the late winter anthropause year of 2020–21 was indeed larger than in years before or after. But Gill &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;. (&lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;) found that home range overlap with heli-ski tenures was not a significant covariate, meaning that ranges were larger during the anthropause regardless of their pre- or post-anthropause exposure to heli-ski activity. With nearly a third of home ranges occurring entirely outside tenures, their data are well-suited for re-analysis as a Before-After-Control-Impact design, with ranges located outside tenures serving as a quasi-control group (untreated but not randomly assigned). I conducted this analysis (Appendix S1) and found a larger increase in home range size during the anthropause among “control” caribou than among “impact” caribou that had home ranges that overlapped tenures (&lt;i&gt;P =&lt;/i&gt; 0.01, &lt;i&gt;β&lt;/i&gt; = −1.03). Post-anthropause, the resumption of heli-skiing was associated with a reduction in home range size that did not differ among “control” and “impact” caribou (&lt;i&gt;P =&lt;/i&gt; 0.28, &lt;i&gt;β&lt;/i&gt; = −0.31; Fig. 1). Thus, changes in home range size from before, during the anthropause treatment, and after, did not provide evidence of a heli-ski effect.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;As Gill &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;. (&lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;) noted, tenure overlap is only a coarse measure of exposure to heli-skiing because the distribution of flights and skiing is not uniform in space or time within tenures. But outside tenures, caribou would not have been subject to landings, take-offs, or skiing during years of normal operation, but some might have experienced some helicopter overflights. Detailed flight and skiing dat","PeriodicalId":50786,"journal":{"name":"Animal Conservation","volume":"27 4","pages":"409-411"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/acv.12967","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142123360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Movement ecology of endangered caribou during a COVID-19 mediated pause in winter recreation – response to Wilson (2024)","authors":"R. Gill,&nbsp;R. Serrouya,&nbsp;A. M. Calvert,&nbsp;A. Ford,&nbsp;R. Steenweg,&nbsp;M. J. Noonan","doi":"10.1111/acv.12981","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acv.12981","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50786,"journal":{"name":"Animal Conservation","volume":"27 4","pages":"412-414"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142123361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disturbance and ecosystem management interact to shape reptile body condition","authors":"K. J. Macdonald,&nbsp;T. S. Doherty,&nbsp;B. A. Hradsky,&nbsp;D. A. Driscoll","doi":"10.1111/acv.12983","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acv.12983","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fire, invasive predators and low rainfall are key disturbances that interact to negatively impact wildlife. Reptiles are a highly threatened group, yet they have rarely been the focus of threat interaction research. Research assessing the impacts of disturbance on wildlife have typically focussed on changes in species richness and abundance. However, these metrics largely overlook the non-lethal effects on individuals and populations persisting within disturbed landscapes. Body condition is an individual-level response metric that is easily obtainable and provides insight into the cumulative behavioural and morphological changes within a population. We used a landscape-scale natural experiment in southern Australia to investigate the impacts of prescribed fire severity, invasive red fox (<i>Vulpes vulpes</i>) control, low rainfall conditions and their interactive effects on reptile body condition. Low rainfall had pervasive negative effects on body condition, while prescribed fire had negative effects on the larger, viviparous species. We found a three-way interactive effect, whereby the negative effects of fire and low rainfall were greater in areas where red foxes were controlled. These results indicate that there are complex ecological interactions at play, potentially including intra-specific competition and interspecific interactions. Lower body condition in disturbed environments could have lasting implications for individual fitness and population persistence. For instance, species with lower body condition one-year post-fire could be more vulnerable to another fire event, compared to species that are able to maintain condition in post-fire landscapes. With reptile body condition lower in a drier year, we advise minimising additional disturbance (e.g. avoid prescribed fires) during low rainfall years and drought periods. Along with research into ecological interactions, understanding how body condition indices relate to altered fitness is a priority knowledge gap. Such research could improve the ability to predict how species and populations will respond to future disturbances, a key challenge in wildlife disturbance research.</p>","PeriodicalId":50786,"journal":{"name":"Animal Conservation","volume":"28 2","pages":"303-314"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/acv.12983","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142180652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating threat mapping and animal movement data to identify high-risk areas for endangered mobile species","authors":"T. Curk,&nbsp;J. Melzheimer,&nbsp;O. Aschenborn,&nbsp;A. Amar,&nbsp;H. Kolberg,&nbsp;R. Garbett,&nbsp;G. Maude,&nbsp;R. P. Reading,&nbsp;M. Selebatso,&nbsp;F. Berzaghi,&nbsp;G. P. Hempson,&nbsp;A. Botha,&nbsp;R. L. Thomson,&nbsp;G. Tate,&nbsp;O. Spiegel,&nbsp;A. Santangeli","doi":"10.1111/acv.12980","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acv.12980","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Given the current biodiversity crisis, understanding how animals move across a landscape dotted with different anthropogenic threats and the consequences of those threats for animals is paramount to devising evidence-based conservation interventions. Vultures roam across large areas and are highly exposed to poisoning, which represents a particularly damaging form of wildlife crime. In this study, we introduce a framework for quantifying the exposure to threats and illustrate an example of poisoning risk as a threat in an endangered African vulture species, the Lappet-faced Vulture (<i>Torgos tracheliotos</i>). We combined GPS tracking data of 19 individuals collected between 2012 and 2022 with food availability and spatial threat maps of both intentional (poachers directly targeting vultures) and unintentional (farmers aiming to kill carnivores, with vultures being secondarily affected) poisoning across most of Southern Africa. We identified poisoning hotspots in northern Botswana and south-eastern Namibia. These areas were also associated with a high number of vulture mortalities, providing additional support for poisoning risk. Northern Botswana and areas at the border between Botswana and South Africa were characterized by high food availability, potentially amplifying the mortality rate by attracting vultures from surrounding areas. Our results offer valuable insights for regional vulture conservation, together with a methodological framework for quantifying and mapping the spatial exposure to threats for mobile species of conservation concern, enabling improved targeting of conservation actions.</p>","PeriodicalId":50786,"journal":{"name":"Animal Conservation","volume":"28 2","pages":"291-302"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/acv.12980","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142180654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Delayed responses and extinction debt: an opportunity for the conservation of Chaco Serrano forest birds","authors":"L. E. Silvetti,&nbsp;G. Gavier Pizarro,&nbsp;J. R. Arcamone,&nbsp;L. M. Bellis","doi":"10.1111/acv.12979","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acv.12979","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Land-use change is one of the main threats to biodiversity at the global level, and subtropical dry forests are not exempt from such a threat. Recent studies suggest that species can become extinct with a considerable time lag, even if no further habitat loss occurs. Hence, there may be an extinction debt, which poses a great challenge to conservation. Here, we analyzed the response of taxonomic and functional richness of forest and understory specialist birds to 30 years (data from 1989, 2004 and 2019) of land-cover and land-use changes in the Chaco Serrano forest of central Argentina. Our results showed the occurrence of extinction debt in both forest and understory specialist birds, with such debt being greater in forest specialist birds. Results for species trait debt were inconclusive. We also found evidence that birds are not equally sensitive to land-use change, indicating a species-specific response. We conclude that the current presence of some large native forest patches and an intermediate degree of isolation in the region might be prolonging the persistence of some bird species and traits. Moreover, ecological legacies can strongly affect the current species distribution pattern and the permanence of functional traits in fragmented landscapes. These findings should be considered in conservation planning.</p>","PeriodicalId":50786,"journal":{"name":"Animal Conservation","volume":"28 2","pages":"277-290"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142180653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}