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Effect of Hydrolysis Reactor Design on Maltodextrin Production 水解反应器设计对麦芽糊精生产的影响
Materials Science Forum Pub Date : 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.4028/p-ocuq1d
A. S. Handayani, Kevin Gabryelle, Miliendi Ananda Setyawan, Annisa Nurul Syabila
{"title":"Effect of Hydrolysis Reactor Design on Maltodextrin Production","authors":"A. S. Handayani, Kevin Gabryelle, Miliendi Ananda Setyawan, Annisa Nurul Syabila","doi":"10.4028/p-ocuq1d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-ocuq1d","url":null,"abstract":"Maltodextrin is a short-chain polysaccharide compound resulting from the hydrolysis of starch, which is easily soluble in water, so it has very wide applications for food and health. The production of maltodextrin uses the method of reaction of starch hydrolysis with enzymes carried out using fermenters. The temperature used in the fermenter is 95 °C with a residence time of about 12 hours to reduce the risk of failure in the enzymatic reaction. The stirrer used is a turbine with 6 flat blades. The selection of this type because it has an excellent mixing rate, especially for microscale products. The enzymes that react are alpha-amylase at the liquification stage, and the glucoamylase at the saccharification stage. The yield of maltodextrin is 95% and 5% is the remaining water produced based on the starch hydrolysis process that occurs in the fermenter.","PeriodicalId":507742,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science Forum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139776068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Synthesis, Properties, and Application of Advanced Nano and Functional Materials 先进纳米材料和功能材料的合成、特性和应用
Materials Science Forum Pub Date : 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.4028/b-jyd2xt
R. P. Anugraha, Steven Y. Liang, Oleksandr Vasiliev, H. Watari
{"title":"Synthesis, Properties, and Application of Advanced Nano and Functional Materials","authors":"R. P. Anugraha, Steven Y. Liang, Oleksandr Vasiliev, H. Watari","doi":"10.4028/b-jyd2xt","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/b-jyd2xt","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":507742,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science Forum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139776390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Preliminary Study of the Effect of pH on Ce, Nd, La, Pr Recovery from REOH Concentrate pH 值对从 REOH 浓缩物中回收 Ce、Nd、La、Pr 的影响的初步研究
Materials Science Forum Pub Date : 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.4028/p-itci3e
Nizar Kamil Perwira, N. Aziz, Kris Tri Basuki, Septian Hardi, R. Langenati, Intan Nurhimawati, Kukuh Ario Baskoro, Muhammad Ilham Baqyuni
{"title":"Preliminary Study of the Effect of pH on Ce, Nd, La, Pr Recovery from REOH Concentrate","authors":"Nizar Kamil Perwira, N. Aziz, Kris Tri Basuki, Septian Hardi, R. Langenati, Intan Nurhimawati, Kukuh Ario Baskoro, Muhammad Ilham Baqyuni","doi":"10.4028/p-itci3e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-itci3e","url":null,"abstract":"The separation of uranium, thorium, and rare earth elements (REE) from monazite sand was carried out using the PLUTHO pilot plant facility. The REEs were produced in the form of hydroxide concentrates (REOH). Further separation process must be carried out to obtain high-purity elements for application in advanced industries such as polisher material for hard materials, infrared protective glass, and Ni-metal hydride batteries. The Major Element of REEs are Cerium (Ce), Lanthanum (La), Neodynium (Nd), and Praseodymium (Pr). Those elements can be separated by various methods such as fractional precipitation, extraction, ion exchange, and others. This research was carried out using the Fractional Precipitation method. Rare earth elements have chemical properties that permit ready dissolution and easy precipitation. The fractional precipitating reagent commonly used is NH4OH because it will not contaminate the precipitate due to the volatility of NH3. The parameter used in this preliminary study was pH from 4 to 9. The separation process was started with the dissolution of the REOH concentrate in a solution of HNO3 to obtain RE nitrate. After the dissolution process, oxidation and precipitation were carried out by the addition of KMnO4 as an oxidizing agent and Na2CO3 as a precipitating agent at pH 4 to obtain high recovery efficiency of cerium. The precipitation was pH varies continued by pH adjustment using NH4OH starting from pH 4 to pH 9 to separate La, Nd, and Pr. The analysis of Ce, La, Nd, and Pr concentration was carried out using ICP-OES. The optimum pH recovery for Ce, Nd, and Pr was found at pH 4 with a concentration of 19986.4 ppm, 3532.34 ppm, and 3796.81 ppm, respectively, while at pH 8.5 for La with a concentration of 5846.59 ppm.","PeriodicalId":507742,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science Forum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139836415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Solketal Synthesis from Glycerol and Acetone Using Amberlyst-36 Catalyst 使用 Amberlyst-36 催化剂以甘油和丙酮为原料合成 Solketal
Materials Science Forum Pub Date : 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.4028/p-4ferz0
Tamaratritania Citta Trisnantari, H. Sulistyo, M. M. Azis
{"title":"Solketal Synthesis from Glycerol and Acetone Using Amberlyst-36 Catalyst","authors":"Tamaratritania Citta Trisnantari, H. Sulistyo, M. M. Azis","doi":"10.4028/p-4ferz0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-4ferz0","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, biodiesel production has increased condiserably due to the use of B30 in Indonesia. As a side product of biodiesel production, glycerol is also produced in large amount. Glycerol conversion to fuel additive is one of promising path for glycerol utilization. Solketal is one of fuel additives that can be derived from glycerol and it may enhance octane number on gasoline. Solketal can be synthesized from glycerol and aceton by using Amberlyst-36 as catalyst. The aim of this paper was to study the effect of catalyst loading to glycerol conversion as well as to develop a kinetic model to correlate catalyst loading to kinetic parameter. A series of experiments were conducted in a batch reactor heated in water bath, equipped with cooler, and stirrer speed at 650 rpm for 180 minutes, mole ratio glycerol to acetone is 1:4, at temperature 500 C, varying catalyst loading at 1, 3, 5, 7 wt. %. The result showed that the highest glycerol conversion was achieved as high as 88.19% at 500 C temperature using 7 wt. % of catalyst.","PeriodicalId":507742,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science Forum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139834083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Application of Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles for Dye Wastewater Treatment 绿色合成银纳米粒子在染料废水处理中的应用
Materials Science Forum Pub Date : 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.4028/p-uifca6
Feb Alexis P. Marquez, E. Fundador, N. G. Fundador
{"title":"Application of Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles for Dye Wastewater Treatment","authors":"Feb Alexis P. Marquez, E. Fundador, N. G. Fundador","doi":"10.4028/p-uifca6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-uifca6","url":null,"abstract":"A facile one-pot synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was achieved using the ethanolic extract of Cavendish banana florets as source of reducing agents for the conversion of Ag+ to Ag. The appearance of surface plasmon resonance peak between 410–435 nm in the UV Vis spectra confirmed the formation of AgNPs. The effects of different reaction conditions on the size and concentration of AgNPs were evaluated. The optimum conditions identified were pH 7 at 80 °C. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed spherical AgNPs with a mean particle size of 13.55 nm. On the other hand, energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis confirmed the presence of silver (Ag) as the bulk element (87.25%). Other elements such as carbon (C) and oxygen (O) are attributed to the capping agents of AgNPs which agrees with the results in the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. The optimized AgNPs were used for dye degradation using methyl orange (MO) as the model dye under acidified conditions. The maximum MO dye degradation of 96.07% and 77.32% at pH 1.5 and 2 were achieved after 10 min and 1320 min, respectively. This highlights the potential use of green-synthesized AgNPs for dye wastewater treatment.","PeriodicalId":507742,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science Forum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139834556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mn2+ Adsorption on Nanozeolite: Determination of Thermodynamic Properties Using Isothermal Titration Calorimetry 纳米沸石上的 Mn2+ 吸附：使用等温滴定量热法确定热力学性质
Materials Science Forum Pub Date : 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.4028/p-15gl2j
Rochelle P. Dineros, Benjo C. Labrador, Conrado Miguel L. Ustaris IV, Paul Eric C. Maglalang, J. C. Millare
{"title":"Mn2+ Adsorption on Nanozeolite: Determination of Thermodynamic Properties Using Isothermal Titration Calorimetry","authors":"Rochelle P. Dineros, Benjo C. Labrador, Conrado Miguel L. Ustaris IV, Paul Eric C. Maglalang, J. C. Millare","doi":"10.4028/p-15gl2j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-15gl2j","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the thermodynamics of manganese ion adsorption on nanozeolite to assess the nanomaterial’s heavy metal removal efficiency from surface water, industrial water, and groundwater. Using Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (ITC), the thermodynamic profile of nanozeolite is obtained, demonstrating a low equilibrium binding affinity. The thermodynamic signature showed favorable binding mechanisms, primarily from the change of entropy, suggesting spontaneous reactions. Meanwhile, the enthalpy change of adsorption increases as temperature rises, while ∆G and T∆S decrease. Using proper thermodynamic conditions, nanozeolite may efficiently remove manganese from different water sources.","PeriodicalId":507742,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science Forum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139835176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Microstructural and Optical Properties of Green-Synthesized rGO Utilizing Amaranthus viridis Extract 利用苋菜提取物绿色合成的 rGO 的微观结构和光学特性
Materials Science Forum Pub Date : 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.4028/p-2gm6g0
Z. Zurnansyah, Putri Dwi Jayanti, Larrisa Jestha Mahardhika, Hafil Perdana Kusumah, N. Istiqomah, E. Suharyadi
{"title":"Microstructural and Optical Properties of Green-Synthesized rGO Utilizing Amaranthus viridis Extract","authors":"Z. Zurnansyah, Putri Dwi Jayanti, Larrisa Jestha Mahardhika, Hafil Perdana Kusumah, N. Istiqomah, E. Suharyadi","doi":"10.4028/p-2gm6g0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-2gm6g0","url":null,"abstract":"Research of green-synthesized reduced graphene oxide (rGO) using Amaranthus viridis (AV) extract has been successfully conducted. The modified Hummers method was used to synthesize graphene oxide (GO), then reduced using hydrazine hydrate and AV extract to obtain rGO. The X-ray diffraction results illustrate the change in crystalline structure from graphite to rGO. Peaks at 2θ angles of 26.5°, 9.1°, and 24.1° indicate the characteristics of graphite, GO, and rGO, respectively. The transmission electron microscopy image shows the formation of 2D nanosheet morphology with slight wrinkles. The fourier transform infrared spectrum represents six peaks of identical functional groups in the graphene-based nanomaterials. Meanwhile, GO has two additional oxygen groups (carboxyl and hydroxyl) at wavenumbers of 1720 cm-1 and 1217 cm-1, respectively. Furthermore, the UV-Vis analysis data shows the typical absorption of GO at 232 nm and 301 nm, while at 266 nm and 278 nm, it belongs to graphite and rGO. The bandgap energy of nanomaterials is 0–3.58 eV, which describes the difference in their optical properties. These promising results reveal the potential of AV as a green-reducing agent to minimize the use of chemicals in the synthesis of rGO for various applications.","PeriodicalId":507742,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science Forum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139835564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Features of the Structural Formation of Tungsten Single Crystals in the Shape of Hollow Rotational Bodies 中空旋转体形状钨单晶的结构形成特征
Materials Science Forum Pub Date : 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.4028/p-sdyx6a
Yuriy Nikitenko, Viktor Shapovalov, Volodymyr Yakusha, O. Gnizdylo, Olena M. Berdnikova
{"title":"Features of the Structural Formation of Tungsten Single Crystals in the Shape of Hollow Rotational Bodies","authors":"Yuriy Nikitenko, Viktor Shapovalov, Volodymyr Yakusha, O. Gnizdylo, Olena M. Berdnikova","doi":"10.4028/p-sdyx6a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-sdyx6a","url":null,"abstract":"The results of the development of the technology for growing super-large single crystals of refractory metals, which were developed at the E.O. Paton Electric Welding Institute of the NAS of Ukraine. Based on proven technology and acquired skills, a new generation of equipment was created that allows the growth of single crystals of refractory alloys in the form of bodies of rotation. Experiments were conducted on growing a single crystal of tungsten in the form of a hollow cylinder, from which it is possible to make such a product as a crucible. Technological parameters and energy regimes were established, which allowed for control of the thickness of the wall to be welded. As a result of the experiments, an ingot with a welded wall height of 68 mm, a thickness of 20–22 mm, and an outer diameter of 85 mm was grown. The structure of the obtained samples was studied.","PeriodicalId":507742,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science Forum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139775301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Preliminary Study of the Effect of pH on Ce, Nd, La, Pr Recovery from REOH Concentrate pH 值对从 REOH 浓缩物中回收 Ce、Nd、La、Pr 的影响的初步研究
Materials Science Forum Pub Date : 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.4028/p-itci3e
Nizar Kamil Perwira, N. Aziz, Kris Tri Basuki, Septian Hardi, R. Langenati, Intan Nurhimawati, Kukuh Ario Baskoro, Muhammad Ilham Baqyuni
{"title":"Preliminary Study of the Effect of pH on Ce, Nd, La, Pr Recovery from REOH Concentrate","authors":"Nizar Kamil Perwira, N. Aziz, Kris Tri Basuki, Septian Hardi, R. Langenati, Intan Nurhimawati, Kukuh Ario Baskoro, Muhammad Ilham Baqyuni","doi":"10.4028/p-itci3e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-itci3e","url":null,"abstract":"The separation of uranium, thorium, and rare earth elements (REE) from monazite sand was carried out using the PLUTHO pilot plant facility. The REEs were produced in the form of hydroxide concentrates (REOH). Further separation process must be carried out to obtain high-purity elements for application in advanced industries such as polisher material for hard materials, infrared protective glass, and Ni-metal hydride batteries. The Major Element of REEs are Cerium (Ce), Lanthanum (La), Neodynium (Nd), and Praseodymium (Pr). Those elements can be separated by various methods such as fractional precipitation, extraction, ion exchange, and others. This research was carried out using the Fractional Precipitation method. Rare earth elements have chemical properties that permit ready dissolution and easy precipitation. The fractional precipitating reagent commonly used is NH4OH because it will not contaminate the precipitate due to the volatility of NH3. The parameter used in this preliminary study was pH from 4 to 9. The separation process was started with the dissolution of the REOH concentrate in a solution of HNO3 to obtain RE nitrate. After the dissolution process, oxidation and precipitation were carried out by the addition of KMnO4 as an oxidizing agent and Na2CO3 as a precipitating agent at pH 4 to obtain high recovery efficiency of cerium. The precipitation was pH varies continued by pH adjustment using NH4OH starting from pH 4 to pH 9 to separate La, Nd, and Pr. The analysis of Ce, La, Nd, and Pr concentration was carried out using ICP-OES. The optimum pH recovery for Ce, Nd, and Pr was found at pH 4 with a concentration of 19986.4 ppm, 3532.34 ppm, and 3796.81 ppm, respectively, while at pH 8.5 for La with a concentration of 5846.59 ppm.","PeriodicalId":507742,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science Forum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139776622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mn2+ Adsorption on Nanozeolite: Determination of Thermodynamic Properties Using Isothermal Titration Calorimetry 纳米沸石上的 Mn2+ 吸附：使用等温滴定量热法确定热力学性质
Materials Science Forum Pub Date : 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.4028/p-15gl2j
Rochelle P. Dineros, Benjo C. Labrador, Conrado Miguel L. Ustaris IV, Paul Eric C. Maglalang, J. C. Millare
{"title":"Mn2+ Adsorption on Nanozeolite: Determination of Thermodynamic Properties Using Isothermal Titration Calorimetry","authors":"Rochelle P. Dineros, Benjo C. Labrador, Conrado Miguel L. Ustaris IV, Paul Eric C. Maglalang, J. C. Millare","doi":"10.4028/p-15gl2j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-15gl2j","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the thermodynamics of manganese ion adsorption on nanozeolite to assess the nanomaterial’s heavy metal removal efficiency from surface water, industrial water, and groundwater. Using Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (ITC), the thermodynamic profile of nanozeolite is obtained, demonstrating a low equilibrium binding affinity. The thermodynamic signature showed favorable binding mechanisms, primarily from the change of entropy, suggesting spontaneous reactions. Meanwhile, the enthalpy change of adsorption increases as temperature rises, while ∆G and T∆S decrease. Using proper thermodynamic conditions, nanozeolite may efficiently remove manganese from different water sources.","PeriodicalId":507742,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science Forum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139775829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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