Annals of Carnegie Museum最新文献

{"title":"Loss of Habitat Leads to Bigger Toads and Bigger Eggs: Natural Area Management Predictions for the Eastern American Toad, Anaxyrus americanus americanus (Holbrook, 1836)","authors":"W. E. Meshaka, William S. Humbert, M. Mccallum, Pablo R. Delis","doi":"10.2992/007.086.0104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2992/007.086.0104","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Reproductive characteristics of the Eastern American Toad (Anaxyrus americanus americanus) vary geographically across its broad eastern North American range. Northern populations are known to breed for a shorter period that begins later in the season (April and/or May) than southern populations that can begin in winter and last until April. Delayed maturity and larger minimum body size are also associated with northern populations. Specimens collected during two years of systematic trapping during 1982–1983 at the Powdermill Nature Reserve (PNR), Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, were examined to test predictions of geographic patterns associated with reproduction and growth of a southwestern Pennsylvania population. The results indicate a short egg laying season in May, large adult body size, and delayed maturity. An apparent response to northern Allegheny climate, the reproductive-related patterns of this population were similar to those of other northern regions rather than populations at similar latitudes within Pennsylvania. Eastern American Toads collected from a breeding site at PNR in 2014 were larger in body size, clutch size, and egg size than those of the 1982–1983 study. Most notably, loss of open breeding habitat in the 30+ years between sampling periods resulted in fewer larger toads producing on average larger eggs and twice the clutch size than counterparts studied during earlier successional series of this study site. These differences quantify geographic and temporal variability in life history traits of an ecologically versatile and geographically widespread species and provide landscape-wide predictions of life history responses by the Eastern American Toad to natural or human-mediated changes to natural areas.","PeriodicalId":50771,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Carnegie Museum","volume":"69 1","pages":"77 - 88"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76076492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New Laniifera Species from the Dominican Republic (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)","authors":"J. Hayden","doi":"10.2992/007.086.0102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2992/007.086.0102","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Laniifera Hampson is diagnosed and compared to related genera of Asciodini (Crambidae: Spilomelinae). Laniifera rawlinsi, n. sp., is described from the Dominican Republic. The larvae are predicted to feed in Opuntia cacti, as do related taxa.","PeriodicalId":50771,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Carnegie Museum","volume":"38 11 1","pages":"37 - 42"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78360252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Primitive Caseid (Synapsida, Caseasauria) from the Early Permian of Germany","authors":"D. Berman, Hillary C. Maddin, A. Henrici, S. Sumida, D. Scott, R. Reisz","doi":"10.2992/007.086.0103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2992/007.086.0103","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A new genus and species of a basal synapsid Caseidae, Martensius bromackerensis, is described based on four partial to nearly complete mostly articulated skeletons that provide a comprehensive knowledge of the skeletal morphology. All four specimens were collected from a single site, the Bromacker quarry, in the Lower Permian Artinskian Tambach Formation, Germany. The Bromacker caseid is the first to be reported from Germany and can be easily distinguished from all other caseids based on substantial lists of autapomorphic and plesiomorphic characters. Of the four caseid specimens only the smallest, a juvenile, and the largest, an adult designated as the holotype, are nearly complete, articulated, and possess skull material: in the juvenile a small partially articulated portion of the skull, and in the adult a nearly complete but dorsoventrally crushed skull. The two specimens are distinguished from one another by features attributed to different ontogenetic stages of development, which include skeletal ossification, proportional dimensions of elements, and most interestingly marginal dentitions. The last category includes a feature unique among caseids of an ontogenetic change in the dentition from insectivorous in the juvenile specimen to what is believed to be an omnivorous dentition in the adult. A phylogenetic analysis posits the Late Pennsylvanian Eocasea martini Reisz and Fröbisch, 2014, as the basalmost member of the monophyletic Caseidae and the later occurring middle Early Permian Bromacker caseid as the sister taxon of the remaining late Early and Middle Permian members of the clade. This series of relationships parallels a proposed chronology of evolutionary changes in the dentitions and associated diets of caseids.","PeriodicalId":50771,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Carnegie Museum","volume":"15 1","pages":"43 - 75"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87961166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paleontology and Geology of the Badwater Creek Area, Central Wyoming. Part 21. Natrona, a New Genus of Rodent, Family Sciuravidae (Mammalia)","authors":"M. Dawson","doi":"10.2992/007.085.0402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2992/007.085.0402","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A new small sciuravid rodent, Natrona natronensis, new genus and species, from Uintan and Duchesnean deposits in the Wagon Bed Formation at the Hendry Ranch locality in central Wyoming exhibits some morphological parallelism in the structure of its P4 to the M1 of the more derived cricetid rodents. Other occurrences of this new lineage may be from the Eocene of Trans-Pecos Texas and Lac Pelletier, Saskatchewan, Canada.","PeriodicalId":50771,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Carnegie Museum","volume":"6 1","pages":"329 - 333"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87435939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Genus and Species of Djadochtatheriid Multituberculate (Allotheria, Mammalia) from the Upper Cretaceous Bayan Mandahu Formation of Inner Mongolia","authors":"J. Wible, Sarah L. Shelley, Shundong Bi","doi":"10.2992/007.085.0401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2992/007.085.0401","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The superfamily Djadochtatherioidea is a distinctive clade of multituberculates from Upper Cretaceous beds of Mongolia and Inner Mongolia, China. Because many of the 11 included genera are known from skulls, more is known about the cranial anatomy of djadochtatherioids than any other clade of multituberculates. Within Djadochtatherioidea, the most diverse and widely accepted group is the family Djadochtatheriidae. Within the family, the basal genus, Kryptobaatar Kielan-Jaworowska, 1970, is small with a skull length of about 30 mm, whereas the other four genera, Djadochtatherium Simpson, 1925, Catopsbaatar Kielan-Jaworowska, 1994, Tombaatar Rougier et al., 1997, and Mangasbaatar Rougier et al., 2016, have skulls approximately twice as long. Here, we describe a new genus and species, Guibaatar castellanus, based on a single specimen from the Upper Cretaceous Bayan Mandahu Formation, Inner Mongolia that we refer to Djadochtatheriidae. Guibaatar is represented by a relatively complete rostrum, a partial right braincase, and partial lower jaws. As revealed by CT scanning, the specimen is a juvenile, with deciduous enlarged upper and lower incisors with permanent replacements forming, m2 erupting, and M2 forming. Based on the preserved cranial parts, we estimate the skull length to be approximately 50 mm, but as an adult, Guibaatar would have been in the size range of the larger djadochtatheriids. Phylogenetic analysis including Guibaatar, known djadochtatherioids, and outgroups places Guibaatar within Djadochtatheriidae, as sister to a clade of Mangasbaatar and Catopsbaatar. We suspect the relationships of djadochtatherioids are likely to be refined given the announcements by other researchers that skulls are known for the djadochtatheriids Tombaatar and Djadochtatherium, which were previously represented by incomplete material.","PeriodicalId":50771,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Carnegie Museum","volume":"34 1","pages":"285 - 327"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79103302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determining the Largest Known Land Animal: A Critical Comparison of Differing Methods for Restoring the Volume and Mass of Extinct Animals","authors":"G. Paul","doi":"10.2992/007.085.0403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2992/007.085.0403","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Recent claims regarding what is and is not the largest known sauropod dinosaur are tested via dimensional comparisons of the most critical metrics of relative size—especially, when possible, the functional lengths of the dorsal vertebral centra and the articulated length of the combined trunk vertebrae—and analog volumetric models based on technical skeletal restorations. The Cretaceous Argentinosaurus massed 65–75 tonnes, and its dorsal vertebrae and dorsal–sacral series are much larger than those of any other described titanosaur. Specimens of Patagotitan indicate a 50–55 tonne titanosaur, and the less complete Notocolossus, Puertasaurus, and ‘Antarctosaurus’ giganteus appear to have occupied a similar size range. Paralititan weighed between 30 and 55 tonnes. The juvenile Dreadnoughtus, as well as Futalognkosaurus and Alamosaurus, were in the area of 30 tonnes, with the possibility that the last was substantially larger. Entirely analog, skillfully produced, high-anatomical-fidelity skeletal restorations and volumetric models representing a prime-lean condition are approximately as scientifically objective and accurate, as well as more realistic than, analog-digital, crudely-formed convex hull volumetric models, which are based on subjectively and often inconsistently or erroneously mounted skeletons and digitized skeletal reconstructions. The need to ensure that skeletal restorations are as anatomically correct and consistent as the data allow is stressed, which requires that researchers and illustrators be sufficiently skilled in animal and especially dinosaur anatomy, and the procedures and standards for achieving the best possible results are detailed. When properly executed, analog and digital volumetric models produce adequately similar results that can be used to cross-check one another, and both produce accurate masses much more reliably than do methods based on strength factors such as limb bone circumferences or certain other skeletal dimensions that suffer from inherently very high plus-minus factors.","PeriodicalId":50771,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Carnegie Museum","volume":"28 1","pages":"335 - 358"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81225310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Index to Volume 85","authors":"see Buckley, F. G. Buckley","doi":"10.1080/00325481.1989.11700762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00325481.1989.11700762","url":null,"abstract":"This index is primarily one to new information. Previously published information referred to in this volume has not been indexed unless extensive comparisons or reinterpretations are involved. Also not indexed are the various species of birds mentioned in the Reports of the Committee on Conservation (pp. 117-126 and 669-677). For some species, especially ones not in the A.O.U. Checkdist area, scientific names only have been entered, and in some instances entries under scientific names are more extensive than those under vernacular names. New generic, specific, and subspecific names are printed in boldface type.","PeriodicalId":50771,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Carnegie Museum","volume":"504 1","pages":"359 - 360"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90160777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tiger Beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae: \u0000Cicindelinae) of the Andaman and Nicobar Archipelagoes, India, \u0000with the Description of Cylindera (\u0000Ifasina) Dartista, New Species, from \u0000Great Nicobar Island","authors":"R. E. Acciavatti, D. Pearson","doi":"10.2992/007.085.0302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2992/007.085.0302","url":null,"abstract":"Twelve tiger beetle taxa are reported from the Andaman and Nicobar Archipelagoes, Union Territories, India. These are listed according to their current classification within the Carabidae: Cicindelinae under tribes Collyrini or Cicindelini, along with comments about their taxonomy, recognition, habitats, and distribution. Cylindera (Ifasina) dartista, new species, known only from Great Nicobar Island, India, is described and compared to related taxa. Cylindera (Ifasina) discreta nicobarica (Mandl, 1970), also endemic to Great Nicobar Island, India, is distinguished from related species found elsewhere in Southeast Asia. In addition to these two endemic Cylindera (Ifasina) taxa, Neocollyris (Orthocollyris) crassicornis andamana (Bates, 1878) and Neocollyris (Neocollyris) schaumi (W. Horn, 1892) are considered endemic to the Andaman and Nicobar Archipelagoes. Except for these four endemic taxa, all but two of the remaining eight taxa comprising the tiger beetle fauna of these archipelagoes have a wider distribution in South Asia and Southeast Asia. These include six species: Neocollyris (Orthocollyris) subclavata (Chaudoir, 1860); Neocollyris (Leptocollyris) variicornis (Chaudoir, 1864); Calochroa flavomaculata (Hope, 1831); Calochroa sexpunctata (Fabricius, 1775); Callytron limosum (Saunders, 1836); Hypaetha biramosa (Fabricius, 1781). Two taxa have more limited ranges. Cosmodela diehli Wiesner, 1997, previously known only from Simular Island off the southwestern coast of Sumatra, Indonesia, is now documented from Great Nicobar Island, India. This species is very similar to Cosmodela didyma (Dejean, 1825) from Sumatra and Java, also reported from Little and Great Nicobar Islands. It is possible C. didyma records from the Nicobars are based on misidentified C. diehli. Examination of the Nicobar Archipelago specimens identified as C. didyma will be necessary to determine whether both species co-occur on the islands, or whether all the specimens are, in fact, C. diehli.","PeriodicalId":50771,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Carnegie Museum","volume":"114 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88121584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Whitneyan (Middle Oligocene) Rodents from Obritsch Ranch (Stark County, North Dakota) and a Review of Whitneyan Rodent Fossil Record","authors":"W. Korth, Clint A. Boyd","doi":"10.2992/007.085.0304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2992/007.085.0304","url":null,"abstract":"Until recently, few well-described rodent faunae from the Whitneyan North American Land Mammal Age [NALMA] were known, hindering studies of rodent diversity, biogeography, and evolutionary patterns during the Oligocene. This study describes a new Whitneyan rodent assemblage from the Obritsch Ranch paleontological locality in the Little Badlands region of North Dakota. Specimens were collected from three stratigraphically restricted sampling intervals within the middle to upper Brule Formation, resulting in the recognition of fourteen rodent species, five of which are elsewhere known to first appear in Whitneyan faunae. Described is one new species, the eomyid Paradjidaumo obritschorum, and the first cranial material of the heteromyid rodent ProharrymysKorth and Branciforte, 2007. The rodent fauna from the upper two sampling intervals at Obritsch Ranch and the uppermost fauna recently described from the nearby Fitterer Ranch paleontological locality share four taxa in common with the late Whitneyan Blue Ash local fauna from southwestern South Dakota, indicating these two North Dakota rodent faunae are also from the late Whitneyan. Increasing knowledge of Whitneyan rodent faunae in North America reveals unusually high survivorship of rodent species from the older Orellan NALMA into the Whitneyan NALMA and much geographic variation in the diversity, distribution, and relative abundance of different rodent families between individual Whitneyan rodent faunae. Those factors help explain prior difficulties in differentiating Orellan and Whitneyan rodent faunae and in identifying biostratigraphically useful rodent taxa for the Whitneyan. Overall, Whitneyan rodent faunae from North America display an increase in the diversity of aplodontiids, cricetids, and sciurids and a decrease in eomyid and ischyromyid diversity relative to the Orellan.","PeriodicalId":50771,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Carnegie Museum","volume":"345 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74984596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New Peirosaurid Crocodyliform from the Upper Cretaceous Lago Colhué Huapi Formation of Central Patagonia, Argentina","authors":"M. Lamanna, G. Casal, L. Ibiricu, R. Martínez","doi":"10.2992/007.085.0301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2992/007.085.0301","url":null,"abstract":"Peirosaurid crocodyliforms were diverse and abundant in the Cretaceous of the Gondwanan landmasses, especially South America. Here, we describe Colhuehuapisuchus lunai, gen. et sp. nov., a new peirosaurid taxon from the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian–?lower Maastrichtian) Lago Colhue Huapi Formation of southern Chubut Province in central Patagonia, Argentina. Although represented by only the anterior ∼one-third of the mandible with several complete, in situ teeth, the new taxon exhibits a combination of distinctive morphologies that does not occur in other peirosaurids, including several mandibular and dental autapomorphies. The symphyseal region of the Colhuehuapisuchus mandible is transversely wider than that of any other representative of Peirosauridae, and as such the new form may be most closely related to other broad-snouted peirosaurids such as Barrosasuchus neuquenianus, Gasparinisuchus peirosauroides, and Patagosuchus anielensis. The exceptional diversity of snout and tooth shapes among definitive and probable members of Peirosauridae suggests the existence of a variety of ecological and dietary preferences within the clade. Colhuehuapisuchus constitutes the southernmost peirosaurid occurrence worldwide and arguably the youngest record from Patagonia, thereby expanding the paleobiogeographic range of these distinctive mesoeucrocodylians to nearly the end of the Mesozoic and the southern tip of South America.","PeriodicalId":50771,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Carnegie Museum","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76738029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}