{"title":"Electroanalytical Ventures at Nanoscale Interfaces Between Immiscible Liquids.","authors":"D. Arrigan, Yang Liu","doi":"10.1146/annurev-anchem-071015-041415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-anchem-071015-041415","url":null,"abstract":"Ion transfer at the interface between immiscible electrolyte solutions offers many benefits to analytical chemistry, including the ability to detect nonredox active ionized analytes, to detect ions whose redox electrochemistry is accompanied by complications, and to separate ions based on electrocontrolled partition. Nanoscale miniaturization of such interfaces brings the benefits of enhanced mass transport, which in turn leads to improved analytical performance in areas such as sensitivity and limits of detection. This review discusses the development of such nanoscale interfaces between immiscible liquids and examines the analytical advances that have been made to date, including prospects for trace detection of ion concentrations.","PeriodicalId":50758,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"9 1 1","pages":"145-61"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-anchem-071015-041415","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63950619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mass Spectrometry Applied to Bottom-Up Proteomics: Entering the High-Throughput Era for Hypothesis Testing.","authors":"Ludovic C. Gillet, A. Leitner, R. Aebersold","doi":"10.1146/annurev-anchem-071015-041535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-anchem-071015-041535","url":null,"abstract":"Proteins constitute a key class of molecular components that perform essential biochemical reactions in living cells. Whether the aim is to extensively characterize a given protein or to perform high-throughput qualitative and quantitative analysis of the proteome content of a sample, liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry has become the technology of choice. In this review, we summarize the current state of mass spectrometry applied to bottom-up proteomics, the approach that focuses on analyzing peptides obtained from proteolytic digestion of proteins. With the recent advances in instrumentation and methodology, we show that the field is moving away from providing qualitative identification of long lists of proteins to delivering highly consistent and accurate quantification values for large numbers of proteins across large numbers of samples. We believe that this shift will have a profound impact for the field of proteomics and life science research in general.","PeriodicalId":50758,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"9 1 1","pages":"449-72"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-anchem-071015-041535","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63950696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marc Tschofen, Dietmar Knopp, Elizabeth Hood, Eva Stöger
{"title":"Plant Molecular Farming: Much More than Medicines.","authors":"Marc Tschofen, Dietmar Knopp, Elizabeth Hood, Eva Stöger","doi":"10.1146/annurev-anchem-071015-041706","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-anchem-071015-041706","url":null,"abstract":"Plants have emerged as commercially relevant production systems for pharmaceutical and nonpharmaceutical products. Currently, the commercially available nonpharmaceutical products outnumber the medical products of plant molecular farming, reflecting the shorter development times and lower regulatory burden of the former. Nonpharmaceutical products benefit more from the low costs and greater scalability of plant production systems without incurring the high costs associated with downstream processing and purification of pharmaceuticals. In this review, we explore the areas where plant-based manufacturing can make the greatest impact, focusing on commercialized products such as antibodies, enzymes, and growth factors that are used as research-grade or diagnostic reagents, cosmetic ingredients, and biosensors or biocatalysts. An outlook is provided on high-volume, low-margin proteins such as industrial enzymes that can be applied as crude extracts or unprocessed plant tissues in the feed, biofuel, and papermaking industries.","PeriodicalId":50758,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"9 1 1","pages":"271-94"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-anchem-071015-041706","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63950899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gloria M Sheynkman, Michael R Shortreed, Anthony J Cesnik, Lloyd M Smith
{"title":"Proteogenomics: Integrating Next-Generation Sequencing and Mass Spectrometry to Characterize Human Proteomic Variation.","authors":"Gloria M Sheynkman, Michael R Shortreed, Anthony J Cesnik, Lloyd M Smith","doi":"10.1146/annurev-anchem-071015-041722","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-anchem-071015-041722","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mass spectrometry-based proteomics has emerged as the leading method for detection, quantification, and characterization of proteins. Nearly all proteomic workflows rely on proteomic databases to identify peptides and proteins, but these databases typically contain a generic set of proteins that lack variations unique to a given sample, precluding their detection. Fortunately, proteogenomics enables the detection of such proteomic variations and can be defined, broadly, as the use of nucleotide sequences to generate candidate protein sequences for mass spectrometry database searching. Proteogenomics is experiencing heightened significance due to two developments: (a) advances in DNA sequencing technologies that have made complete sequencing of human genomes and transcriptomes routine, and (b) the unveiling of the tremendous complexity of the human proteome as expressed at the levels of genes, cells, tissues, individuals, and populations. We review here the field of human proteogenomics, with an emphasis on its history, current implementations, the types of proteomic variations it reveals, and several important applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":50758,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"9 1 1","pages":"521-45"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4991544/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63950944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Applications of Optical Microcavity Resonators in Analytical Chemistry.","authors":"James H Wade, Ryan C Bailey","doi":"10.1146/annurev-anchem-071015-041742","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-anchem-071015-041742","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Optical resonator sensors are an emerging class of analytical technologies that use recirculating light confined within a microcavity to sensitively measure the surrounding environment. Bolstered by advances in microfabrication, these devices can be configured for a wide variety of chemical or biomolecular sensing applications. We begin with a brief description of optical resonator sensor operation, followed by discussions regarding sensor design, including different geometries, choices of material systems, methods of sensor interrogation, and new approaches to sensor operation. Throughout, key developments are highlighted, including advancements in biosensing and other applications of optical sensors. We discuss the potential of alternative sensing mechanisms and hybrid sensing devices for more sensitive and rapid analyses. We conclude with our perspective on the future of optical microcavity sensors and their promise as versatile detection elements within analytical chemistry. </p>","PeriodicalId":50758,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"9 1 1","pages":"1-25"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-anchem-071015-041742","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63950958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Advances in Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agents for Biomarker Detection.","authors":"Sanhita Sinharay, Mark D Pagel","doi":"10.1146/annurev-anchem-071015-041514","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-anchem-071015-041514","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent advances in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents have provided new capabilities for biomarker detection through molecular imaging. MRI contrast agents based on the T2 exchange mechanism have more recently expanded the armamentarium of agents for molecular imaging. Compared with T1 and T2* agents, T2 exchange agents have a slower chemical exchange rate, which improves the ability to design these MRI contrast agents with greater specificity for detecting the intended biomarker. MRI contrast agents that are detected through chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) have even slower chemical exchange rates. Another emerging class of MRI contrast agents uses hyperpolarized (13)C to detect the agent with outstanding sensitivity. These hyperpolarized (13)C agents can be used to track metabolism and monitor characteristics of the tissue microenvironment. Together, these various MRI contrast agents provide excellent opportunities to develop molecular imaging for biomarker detection.</p>","PeriodicalId":50758,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"9 1 1","pages":"95-115"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4911245/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63950678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Molecular Plasmonics.","authors":"Andrew J Wilson, K. Willets","doi":"10.1146/annurev-anchem-071015-041612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-anchem-071015-041612","url":null,"abstract":"In this review, we survey recent advances in the field of molecular plasmonics beyond the traditional sensing modality. Molecular plasmonics is explored in the context of the complex interaction between plasmon resonances and molecules and the ability of molecules to support plasmons self-consistently. First, spectroscopic changes induced by the interaction between molecular and plasmonic resonances are discussed, followed by examples of how tuning molecular properties leads to active molecular plasmonic systems. Next, the role of the position and polarizability of a molecular adsorbate on surface-enhanced Raman scattering signals is examined experimentally and theoretically. Finally, we introduce recent research focused on using molecules as plasmonic materials. Each of these examples is intended to highlight the role of molecules as integral components in coupled molecule-plasmon systems, as well as to show the diversity of applications in molecular plasmonics.","PeriodicalId":50758,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"9 1 1","pages":"27-43"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-anchem-071015-041612","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63950881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}