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When the World Falls Apart: How People Make Decisions in the Times of War 当世界分崩离析时战争时期人们如何做出决定
Crime & Delinquency Pub Date : 2024-08-09 DOI: 10.1177/00111287241268371
Ekaterina Botchkovar, Matthew Kafafian, A. Timmer, Olena P Antonaccio, Lorine A. Hughes, Robert J. Johnson
{"title":"When the World Falls Apart: How People Make Decisions in the Times of War","authors":"Ekaterina Botchkovar, Matthew Kafafian, A. Timmer, Olena P Antonaccio, Lorine A. Hughes, Robert J. Johnson","doi":"10.1177/00111287241268371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287241268371","url":null,"abstract":"A sample of 1,247 adults from two Ukrainian cities was analyzed to understand how exposure to the Donbas war in 2017 influenced decision-making related to violent behaviors among civilians. The study seeks to: (a) evaluate perceived rewards and costs as mediators between war exposure and violence; (b) test if war exposure increases the effect of perceived rewards and decreases the influence of perceived costs of crime on violence; (c) assess war exposure’s impact on the interaction between perceived rewards/costs of violence and decision-making moderators. As findings show, high war exposure diminishes the relevance of perceived benefits and alters their interrelationships with other factors in violent decisions. Overall, results suggest a shift toward “hot” reasoning during war.","PeriodicalId":507410,"journal":{"name":"Crime & Delinquency","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141923947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sensible Pretrial Reform: The Importance of Accounting for Risk of Violence in Judicial Release Decisions 合理的审前改革：在司法释放决定中考虑暴力风险的重要性
Crime & Delinquency Pub Date : 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.1177/00111287241231741
R. Labrecque, Matthew DeMichele, Jason Walker, Ian A. Silver
{"title":"Sensible Pretrial Reform: The Importance of Accounting for Risk of Violence in Judicial Release Decisions","authors":"R. Labrecque, Matthew DeMichele, Jason Walker, Ian A. Silver","doi":"10.1177/00111287241231741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287241231741","url":null,"abstract":"This study uses data collected from three diverse counties in the United States between 2017 and 2019 to compare the performance of a pretrial risk instrument—the Public Safety Assessment (or PSA)—to a revised version of the tool that accounts for risk of future violence in predicting three pretrial release outcomes. Results indicate the suggested three tiered release levels produced from the current PSA release conditions matrix (RCM) are better at predicting failure to appear in court, while those generated from the violence-informed RCM are better at predicting arrest for a new violent crime. The suggested release levels from both versions of the RCM were similarly able to distinguish between likelihood of a new arrest for any reason.","PeriodicalId":507410,"journal":{"name":"Crime & Delinquency","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139834207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sensible Pretrial Reform: The Importance of Accounting for Risk of Violence in Judicial Release Decisions 合理的审前改革：在司法释放决定中考虑暴力风险的重要性
Crime & Delinquency Pub Date : 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.1177/00111287241231741
R. Labrecque, Matthew DeMichele, Jason Walker, Ian A. Silver
{"title":"Sensible Pretrial Reform: The Importance of Accounting for Risk of Violence in Judicial Release Decisions","authors":"R. Labrecque, Matthew DeMichele, Jason Walker, Ian A. Silver","doi":"10.1177/00111287241231741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287241231741","url":null,"abstract":"This study uses data collected from three diverse counties in the United States between 2017 and 2019 to compare the performance of a pretrial risk instrument—the Public Safety Assessment (or PSA)—to a revised version of the tool that accounts for risk of future violence in predicting three pretrial release outcomes. Results indicate the suggested three tiered release levels produced from the current PSA release conditions matrix (RCM) are better at predicting failure to appear in court, while those generated from the violence-informed RCM are better at predicting arrest for a new violent crime. The suggested release levels from both versions of the RCM were similarly able to distinguish between likelihood of a new arrest for any reason.","PeriodicalId":507410,"journal":{"name":"Crime & Delinquency","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139774777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Community-Level Relationships Between Homelessness and Crime in Finland 芬兰无家可归与犯罪之间的社区层面关系
Crime & Delinquency Pub Date : 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.1177/00111287241231746
Fred E. Markowitz
{"title":"Community-Level Relationships Between Homelessness and Crime in Finland","authors":"Fred E. Markowitz","doi":"10.1177/00111287241231746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287241231746","url":null,"abstract":"Evidence from several countries indicates that homeless persons, particularly those with a mental illness, are at increased risk of offending and victimization. However, there has been little community-level analysis of the relationship between homelessness and crime rates. In this study, we discuss the criminogenic consequences of homelessness and then use panel data from 261 municipalities over a 21-year period (2000–2020) in Finland to examine how homelessness is related to different types of criminal offenses. Results from random and fixed-effects equations indicate that, net of common covariates, rates of homelessness are associated with increased rates of violent crime, property crime, and public intoxication offenses. The findings suggest that, in addition to mental health treatment, efforts to reduce homelessness enhance community safety.","PeriodicalId":507410,"journal":{"name":"Crime & Delinquency","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139773979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Community-Level Relationships Between Homelessness and Crime in Finland 芬兰无家可归与犯罪之间的社区层面关系
Crime & Delinquency Pub Date : 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.1177/00111287241231746
Fred E. Markowitz
{"title":"Community-Level Relationships Between Homelessness and Crime in Finland","authors":"Fred E. Markowitz","doi":"10.1177/00111287241231746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287241231746","url":null,"abstract":"Evidence from several countries indicates that homeless persons, particularly those with a mental illness, are at increased risk of offending and victimization. However, there has been little community-level analysis of the relationship between homelessness and crime rates. In this study, we discuss the criminogenic consequences of homelessness and then use panel data from 261 municipalities over a 21-year period (2000–2020) in Finland to examine how homelessness is related to different types of criminal offenses. Results from random and fixed-effects equations indicate that, net of common covariates, rates of homelessness are associated with increased rates of violent crime, property crime, and public intoxication offenses. The findings suggest that, in addition to mental health treatment, efforts to reduce homelessness enhance community safety.","PeriodicalId":507410,"journal":{"name":"Crime & Delinquency","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139833523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Against the Clock: Crime Victim Compensation Law and Temporality Across the 50 United States 与时间赛跑：美国 50 个州的犯罪受害人赔偿法与时间性
Crime & Delinquency Pub Date : 2024-02-05 DOI: 10.1177/00111287231226185
J. Montañez, Amy Donley
{"title":"Against the Clock: Crime Victim Compensation Law and Temporality Across the 50 United States","authors":"J. Montañez, Amy Donley","doi":"10.1177/00111287231226185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287231226185","url":null,"abstract":"Violence can result in insurmountable losses for victim-survivors. Restitutive and compensatory measures have been historically and contemporarily implemented to address these harms. Crime victim compensation (CVC) is a means by which the state reimburses victim-survivors of violent harm without relying on offender restitution. Overall, the current study argues that CVC laws and regulations may marginalize victim-survivors by regulating the body through crime-reporting and application time limits, as well as through wait times for compensation receipt. With this argument, the current study aims to use a content analysis and quantitative analysis to examine the intricacies of crime-reporting and application time limits detailed within statutes and administrative regulations across the 50 United States, as well as benefit receipt wait times.","PeriodicalId":507410,"journal":{"name":"Crime & Delinquency","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139803157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Against the Clock: Crime Victim Compensation Law and Temporality Across the 50 United States 与时间赛跑：美国 50 个州的犯罪受害人赔偿法与时间性
Crime & Delinquency Pub Date : 2024-02-05 DOI: 10.1177/00111287231226185
J. Montañez, Amy Donley
{"title":"Against the Clock: Crime Victim Compensation Law and Temporality Across the 50 United States","authors":"J. Montañez, Amy Donley","doi":"10.1177/00111287231226185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287231226185","url":null,"abstract":"Violence can result in insurmountable losses for victim-survivors. Restitutive and compensatory measures have been historically and contemporarily implemented to address these harms. Crime victim compensation (CVC) is a means by which the state reimburses victim-survivors of violent harm without relying on offender restitution. Overall, the current study argues that CVC laws and regulations may marginalize victim-survivors by regulating the body through crime-reporting and application time limits, as well as through wait times for compensation receipt. With this argument, the current study aims to use a content analysis and quantitative analysis to examine the intricacies of crime-reporting and application time limits detailed within statutes and administrative regulations across the 50 United States, as well as benefit receipt wait times.","PeriodicalId":507410,"journal":{"name":"Crime & Delinquency","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139863102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Differences in Time to Reported First Arrest by Race, National Origin, and Immigrant Generation: A Test of Assimilation Theories 不同种族、民族和移民世代首次被捕时间的差异：同化理论测试
Crime & Delinquency Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1177/00111287231225125
Christopher Inkpen
{"title":"Differences in Time to Reported First Arrest by Race, National Origin, and Immigrant Generation: A Test of Assimilation Theories","authors":"Christopher Inkpen","doi":"10.1177/00111287231225125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287231225125","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines immigrant assimilation theories by focusing on arrest during adolescence and adult life using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997, a nationally representative panel study that follows children from adolescence through adulthood. The analysis compares outcomes for the first and second-generation of Mexican origin and other parts of Latin America to third- and fourth-plus generation (1) non-Hispanic white, (2) non-Hispanic black, and (3) Hispanic respondents. This investigation employs survival analyses to account for the timing of arrest and other events (e.g., graduation, childbirth, and employment). Results indicate the first generation, both of Mexican and Other Hispanic origin, are less likely to experience arrest than their higher-generation counterparts, regardless of race/ethnicity of the comparison group.","PeriodicalId":507410,"journal":{"name":"Crime & Delinquency","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139826906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Differences in Time to Reported First Arrest by Race, National Origin, and Immigrant Generation: A Test of Assimilation Theories 不同种族、民族和移民世代首次被捕时间的差异：同化理论测试
Crime & Delinquency Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1177/00111287231225125
Christopher Inkpen
{"title":"Differences in Time to Reported First Arrest by Race, National Origin, and Immigrant Generation: A Test of Assimilation Theories","authors":"Christopher Inkpen","doi":"10.1177/00111287231225125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287231225125","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines immigrant assimilation theories by focusing on arrest during adolescence and adult life using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997, a nationally representative panel study that follows children from adolescence through adulthood. The analysis compares outcomes for the first and second-generation of Mexican origin and other parts of Latin America to third- and fourth-plus generation (1) non-Hispanic white, (2) non-Hispanic black, and (3) Hispanic respondents. This investigation employs survival analyses to account for the timing of arrest and other events (e.g., graduation, childbirth, and employment). Results indicate the first generation, both of Mexican and Other Hispanic origin, are less likely to experience arrest than their higher-generation counterparts, regardless of race/ethnicity of the comparison group.","PeriodicalId":507410,"journal":{"name":"Crime & Delinquency","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139886596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Juvenile Offending Among Maltreated Youth: Assessing Type-Specificity and Offense Specialization in the Cycle of Violence 受虐待青少年的犯罪：评估暴力循环中的类型特异性和犯罪专业性
Crime & Delinquency Pub Date : 2024-01-27 DOI: 10.1177/00111287231225143
Allison Kurpiel, Christian M. Connell, Sarah A. Font
{"title":"Juvenile Offending Among Maltreated Youth: Assessing Type-Specificity and Offense Specialization in the Cycle of Violence","authors":"Allison Kurpiel, Christian M. Connell, Sarah A. Font","doi":"10.1177/00111287231225143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287231225143","url":null,"abstract":"This study assesses how different forms of abuse and neglect are associated with juvenile offending, with specific emphasis on whether youth commit offenses analogous to the illicit parental behaviors to which they were exposed. Using statewide child welfare system data linked with juvenile offending records, we assess rates and types of offending among a cohort of youth exposed to child maltreatment, including physical abuse, sexual abuse, and neglect ( N = 7,787). Findings suggest that the maltreatment-delinquency link is better characterized as a general rather than a specific cycle of violence, though sex abuse victims tend to specialize in sex offending. Youth exposed to physical abuse, moral neglect, and parent incarceration offend at high rates overall and should be prioritized for prevention and treatment services.","PeriodicalId":507410,"journal":{"name":"Crime & Delinquency","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139592554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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