{"title":"Formulation and Evaluation of Niosomal Loaded Transdermal Patches for\u0000the Treatment of Osteoarthritis","authors":"Kajal, D. Sharma, Vinay Pandit, M. Ashawat","doi":"10.2174/0122103031283166240619043041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0122103031283166240619043041","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease resulting from the\u0000breakdown of joint cartilage and underlying bone. The most common symptoms of osteoarthritis\u0000are joint pain and stiffness. The major hurdle in its treatment is that the oral administration of\u0000NSAIDs (Lornoxicam) causes side effects like GI side effects, cardiovascular problems, liver issues, or renal problems. Thus, there is a need to develop a Transdermal drug delivery system for\u0000the transport of drugs, which reduces side effects and has several benefits over oral delivery, and\u0000a Novel drug delivery system to enhance the permeation of drugs and give relief from symptoms\u0000of OA.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This work deals with the formulation and evaluation of niosomal-loaded Transdermal\u0000Patches for the treatment of Osteoarthritis.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The Niosomes were prepared using the thin film hydration method, and Niosomalloaded Transdermal patches were prepared using the Solvent Casting method. The preliminary\u0000evaluation and characterization studies were conducted to find the optimized formulation. The invitro release and ex-vivo permeation studies were investigated. Stability studies were also assessed.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The prepared Niosomes suspension (F2) was found to have particle size 320.2 nm, Zeta\u0000potential 23.9 mV, and Drug entrapment 79 ± 0.32%. The in-vitro drug release studies of optimized formulation show 96.44 ± 0.34 % drug release for 24 hours. Then, the optimized Niosome\u0000formulation (F2) was loaded into the transdermal patches. The in-vitro permeation studies of Niosomal-loaded transdermal patch F1 (NLXTP) were performed, which showed a higher permeability than plain drug-loaded transdermal patch. F1 (NLXTP) followed Zero order release kinetic\u0000model, which shows a non-fickian controlled release diffusion mechanism. The ex-vivo drug release studies of optimized formulation F1 (NLXTP) show 2.79 ± 0.76 (µg/ml) drug permeated for\u00008 hours with a flux value of 0.35 ± 0.55, and the percentage of drug retention was found to be\u00005.67%. The stability studies showed that patches were stable over 90 days in different atmospheric conditions.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The Lornoxicam-loaded Niosomal transdermal patch was found to be a promising\u0000nano-drug-delivery alternative that showed better entrapment and release with a permeation profile for the daily management of osteoarthritis.\u0000","PeriodicalId":507230,"journal":{"name":"Drug Delivery Letters","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141687278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}