World Electric Vehicle Journal最新文献_第7页

The Performance Enhancement of a Vehicle Suspension System Employing an Electromagnetic Inerter 利用电磁感应器提高车辆悬挂系统的性能

World Electric Vehicle Journal Pub Date : 2024-04-10 DOI: 10.3390/wevj15040162

Chen Luo, Xiaofeng Yang, Zhihong Jia, Changning Liu, Yi Yang

{"title":"The Performance Enhancement of a Vehicle Suspension System Employing an Electromagnetic Inerter","authors":"Chen Luo, Xiaofeng Yang, Zhihong Jia, Changning Liu, Yi Yang","doi":"10.3390/wevj15040162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj15040162","url":null,"abstract":"As a newly conceived vibration isolation element, an inerter can be implemented in different forms, and it is easily introduced in different vibration isolation scenarios. This paper focuses on a novel inerter device called an electromagnetic inerter (EMI), which combines a linear generator with a fluid inerter. Firstly, the structure and the working principle of the EMI is stated. Then, the parameter sensitivity of the fluid inerter is analyzed, and two parameters that have great influence on the inertance coefficient are obtained. Subsequently, the influence of the change of the external circuit on the output characteristics of the device is also discussed. This proves that the introduction of external circuits can simplify complex mechanical topologies. Finally, the topological structures of vehicle suspension are changed in the form of an EMI (including external circuit), and the dynamic performance of these structures in the typical vibration isolation system of a vehicle’s suspension is obtained. It is found that an L4 layout should be considered as the best suspension structure. Compared with traditional passive suspension, it not only ensures that its handling stability is not weakened, but also reduces the root mean square value of body acceleration and the peak of suspension work space by 4.56% and 11.62%, respectively.","PeriodicalId":507038,"journal":{"name":"World Electric Vehicle Journal","volume":"10 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140720544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Research on an Intelligent Vehicle Trajectory Tracking Method Based on Optimal Control Theory 基于最优控制理论的智能车辆轨迹跟踪方法研究

World Electric Vehicle Journal Pub Date : 2024-04-10 DOI: 10.3390/wevj15040160

Shuang Wang, Gang Li, Jialin Song, Boju Liu

{"title":"Research on an Intelligent Vehicle Trajectory Tracking Method Based on Optimal Control Theory","authors":"Shuang Wang, Gang Li, Jialin Song, Boju Liu","doi":"10.3390/wevj15040160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj15040160","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to explore an intelligent vehicle trajectory tracking control method based on optimal control theory. Considering the limitations of existing control strategies in dealing with signal delays and communication lags, a control strategy combining an anthropomorphic forward-looking reference path and longitudinal velocity closure is proposed to improve the accuracy and stability of intelligent vehicle trajectory tracking. Firstly, according to the vehicle dynamic error tracking model, a linear quadratic regulator (LQR) transverse controller is designed based on the optimal control principle, and a feedforward control strategy is added to reduce the system steady-state error. Secondly, an anthropomorphic look-ahead prediction model is established to mimic human driving behavior to compensate for the signal lag. The double proportional–integral–derivative (DPID) control algorithm is used to track the longitudinal speed reference value. Finally, a joint simulation is conducted based on MatLab/Simulink2021b and CarSim2019.0 software, and the effectiveness of the control strategy proposed in this paper is verified by constructing a semi-physical experimental platform and carrying out a hardware-in-the-loop test. The simulation and test results show that the control strategy can significantly improve the accuracy and stability of vehicle path tracking, which provides a new idea for future intelligent vehicle control system design.","PeriodicalId":507038,"journal":{"name":"World Electric Vehicle Journal","volume":"1974 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140719013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sliding Mode Control of an Electric Vehicle Driven by a New Powertrain Technology Based on a Dual-Star Induction Machine 基于双星感应器的新型动力总成技术驱动的电动汽车的滑动模式控制

World Electric Vehicle Journal Pub Date : 2024-04-09 DOI: 10.3390/wevj15040155

Basma Benbouya, Hocine Cheghib, Daniela Chrenko, Maria Teresa Delgado, Yanis Hamoudi, José Rodríguez, Mohamed Abdelrahem

{"title":"Sliding Mode Control of an Electric Vehicle Driven by a New Powertrain Technology Based on a Dual-Star Induction Machine","authors":"Basma Benbouya, Hocine Cheghib, Daniela Chrenko, Maria Teresa Delgado, Yanis Hamoudi, José Rodríguez, Mohamed Abdelrahem","doi":"10.3390/wevj15040155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj15040155","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines a new powertrain system for electric vehicles based on the dual-star induction machine, presented as a promising option due to its significant advantages in terms of performance, energy efficiency, and reliability. This system could play a key role in the evolution of electro-mobility technology. The dual-star induction machine reduces electromagnetic torque fluctuations, limits current harmonics, improves power factor, and enables half-speed operation. Our study focuses on the control strategy and operation of the traction chain for electric vehicles propelled by the dual-star induction machine (DSIM) using Matlab software with version 2017. We integrate the battery as the main energy source, along with three-level static converters for energy conversion in the vehicle’s four operating quadrants. We have opted for sliding mode control, which has proven to be feasible and robust against external disturbances. Although we have modeled driver behavior, we consider it as an aspect of control, to which we add the driving profile to guide our evaluation of the control to be used for vehicle operation. The results of our study demonstrate the reliability and robustness of DSIM for electric vehicle motorization and speed control. Promoting this technology is essential to improve the overall performance and efficiency of electric vehicles, especially in traction and braking modes for energy recovery. This underscores the importance of DSIM in the sustainable development of the electric transportation system.","PeriodicalId":507038,"journal":{"name":"World Electric Vehicle Journal","volume":"32 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140727324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Research on Energy Management Strategy for Series Hybrid Tractor under Typical Operating Conditions Based on Dynamic Programming 基于动态编程的典型工作条件下系列混合动力拖拉机能源管理策略研究

World Electric Vehicle Journal Pub Date : 2024-04-09 DOI: 10.3390/wevj15040156

Xianghai Yan, Yifan Zhao, Xiaohui Liu, Mengnan Liu, Yiwei Wu, Jingyun Zhang

{"title":"Research on Energy Management Strategy for Series Hybrid Tractor under Typical Operating Conditions Based on Dynamic Programming","authors":"Xianghai Yan, Yifan Zhao, Xiaohui Liu, Mengnan Liu, Yiwei Wu, Jingyun Zhang","doi":"10.3390/wevj15040156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj15040156","url":null,"abstract":"In response to the issues of hybrid tractors’ energy management strategies, such as reliance on experience, difficulty in achieving optimal control, and incomplete analysis of typical operating conditions of tractors, an energy management strategy based on dynamic programming is proposed in combination with various typical operating conditions of tractors. This is aimed at providing a reference for the modeling and energy management strategies of series hybrid tractors. Taking the series hybrid tractor as the research object, the tractor dynamics models under three typical working conditions of plowing, rotary tillage, and transportation were established. With the minimum total fuel consumption of the tractor as the optimization target, the engine power as the control variable, and the state of charge of the power battery as the state variable, an energy management strategy based on a dynamic programming algorithm was established and simulation experiments were conducted. The simulation results show that, compared with the power-following energy management strategy, the energy management strategy based on the dynamic programming algorithm can reasonably control the operating state of the engine. Under the three typical working conditions of plowing, rotary tillage, and transportation, the battery SOC consumption increased by approximately 8.37%, 7.24%, and 0.77%, respectively, while the total fuel consumption decreased by approximately 25.28%, 21.54%, and 13.24%, respectively.","PeriodicalId":507038,"journal":{"name":"World Electric Vehicle Journal","volume":"27 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140722528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Research on Operation Characteristics of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor at Zero and Low Speeds Based on Pulse Vibration High-Frequency Injection Method 基于脉冲振动高频注入法的永磁同步电机零速和低速运行特性研究

World Electric Vehicle Journal Pub Date : 2024-04-09 DOI: 10.3390/wevj15040157

Jianfei Wang, Hua Fan, Kai Liu, Xu Liu

{"title":"Research on Operation Characteristics of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor at Zero and Low Speeds Based on Pulse Vibration High-Frequency Injection Method","authors":"Jianfei Wang, Hua Fan, Kai Liu, Xu Liu","doi":"10.3390/wevj15040157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj15040157","url":null,"abstract":"In order to reduce costs, compress space, and improve system stability under harsh operating conditions, the current vehicle motor drive systems often use position sensorless control methods. However, due to the introduction of filters and the hysteresis of position observers, the position sensorless control has the problem of deteriorating dynamic performance when vehicles start from zero and low speeds or their loads change. Therefore, this article focuses on the problem of position sensorless control applied by permanent magnet synchronous motors when vehicles start and operate at zero and low speed. Combined with high-frequency pulse vibration injection method, the relationship between the types of position observers, parameter selection, and position tracking performance is analyzed and compared. The short-pulse injection method is proposed to locate the initial position of the motor, overcoming the inherent 180° position deviation of pulse vibration high-frequency injections. Subsequently, the impact of the amplitude and frequency of the injected high-frequency signal on the performance of position estimation is focused on. Considering the adverse effects caused by the phase delay of the filter, a design method for filter parameters is proposed to achieve a smooth start and operation of the permanent magnet synchronous motor under position sensorless control. Finally, the rationality of the theoretical analysis and the effectiveness of the adopted methods are fully verified through simulation and experiments.","PeriodicalId":507038,"journal":{"name":"World Electric Vehicle Journal","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140722116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An Analysis of Vehicle-to-Grid in Sweden Using MATLAB/Simulink 使用 MATLAB/Simulink 分析瑞典的车联网情况

World Electric Vehicle Journal Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.3390/wevj15040153

Jennifer Leijon, Jéssica Santos Döhler, Johannes Hjalmarsson, D. Brandell, Valeria Castellucci, Cecilia Boström

{"title":"An Analysis of Vehicle-to-Grid in Sweden Using MATLAB/Simulink","authors":"Jennifer Leijon, Jéssica Santos Döhler, Johannes Hjalmarsson, D. Brandell, Valeria Castellucci, Cecilia Boström","doi":"10.3390/wevj15040153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj15040153","url":null,"abstract":"With more electric vehicles introduced in society, there is a need for the further implementation of charging infrastructure. Innovation in electromobility may result in new charging and discharging strategies, including concepts such as smart charging and vehicle-to-grid. This article provides an overview of vehicle charging and discharging innovations with a cable connection. A MATLAB/Simulink model is developed to show the difference between an electric vehicle with and without the vehicle-to-grid capabilities for electricity grid prices estimated for Sweden for three different electric vehicle user profiles and four different electric vehicle models. The result includes the state-of-charge values and price estimations for the different vehicles charged with or without a bidirectional power flow to and from the electric grid. The results show that there is a greater difference in state-of-charge values over the day investigated for the electric vehicles with vehicle-to-grid capabilities than for vehicles without vehicle-to-grid capabilities. The results indicate potential economic revenues from using vehicle-to-grid if there is a significant variation in electricity prices during different hours. Therefore, the vehicle owner can potentially receive money from selling electricity to the grid while also supporting the electric grid. The study provides insights into utilizing vehicle-to-grid in society and taking steps towards its implementation.","PeriodicalId":507038,"journal":{"name":"World Electric Vehicle Journal","volume":"25 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140732396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Research on Automatic Optimization of a Vehicle Control Strategy for Electric Vehicles Based on Driver Style 基于驾驶员风格的电动汽车自动优化控制策略研究

World Electric Vehicle Journal Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.3390/wevj15040154

Guozhen Song, J. Xi, Jianping Gao

引用次数: 0

Second-Order Central Difference Particle Filter Algorithm for State of Charge Estimation in Lithium-Ion Batteries 用于锂离子电池电荷状态估计的二阶中心差粒子滤波算法

World Electric Vehicle Journal Pub Date : 2024-04-07 DOI: 10.3390/wevj15040152

Yuan Chen, Xiaohe Huang

{"title":"Second-Order Central Difference Particle Filter Algorithm for State of Charge Estimation in Lithium-Ion Batteries","authors":"Yuan Chen, Xiaohe Huang","doi":"10.3390/wevj15040152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj15040152","url":null,"abstract":"The estimation of the state of charge (SOC) in lithium-ion batteries is a crucial aspect of battery management systems, serving as a key indicator of the remaining available capacity. However, the inherent process and measurement noises created during battery operation pose significant challenges to the accuracy of SOC estimation. These noises can lead to inaccuracies and uncertainties in assessing the battery’s condition, potentially affecting its overall performance and lifespan. To address this problem, we propose a second-order central difference particle filter (SCDPF) method. This method leverages the latest observation data to enhance the accuracy and noise adaptability of SOC estimation. By employing an improved importance density function, we generate optimized particles that better represent the battery’s dynamic behavior. To validate the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm, we conducted comprehensive comparisons at both 25 °C and 0 °C under the new European driving cycle condition. The results demonstrate that the SCDPF algorithm exhibits a high accuracy and rapid convergence speed, with a maximum error which never exceeds 1.30%. Additionally, we compared the SOC estimations with both Gaussian and non-Gaussian noise to assess the robustness of our proposed algorithm. Overall, this study presents a novel approach to enhancing SOC estimation in lithium-ion batteries, addressing the challenges posed by the process itself and measurement noises.","PeriodicalId":507038,"journal":{"name":"World Electric Vehicle Journal","volume":"47 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140733783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A K-Additive Fuzzy Logic Approach for Optimizing FCS Sizing and Enhanced User Satisfaction 优化 FCS 规模和提高用户满意度的 K 附加模糊逻辑方法

World Electric Vehicle Journal Pub Date : 2024-04-05 DOI: 10.3390/wevj15040150

Nivine Guler, Zied Ben Hazem

{"title":"A K-Additive Fuzzy Logic Approach for Optimizing FCS Sizing and Enhanced User Satisfaction","authors":"Nivine Guler, Zied Ben Hazem","doi":"10.3390/wevj15040150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj15040150","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional electric vehicle (EV) charging methods can lead to extended waiting times for users, resulting in decreased travel efficiency and user satisfaction, therefore impacting overall convenience. Moreover, a limited number of charging stations can lead to congestion, exacerbating waiting times, while an excessive number of stations incurs inefficient costs and reduces utilization. While prior research has primarily focused on sizing and allocating charging stations to enhance user performance, there has been comparatively less emphasis on optimizing waiting times and determining the optimal number of charging stations, which is crucial from the EV user’s perspective. This study introduces a K-additive fuzzy logic algorithm to predict the average waiting time and the optimal number of charging stations. The K-additive fuzzy inference system (K-FIS) defines membership functions, expert rules, and a formulation for achieving the optimal solution. The proposed approach integrates uncertain and independent input parameters into weighted control variables, addressing the objective function to optimize EV waiting times and costs represented by the number of charging stations. The scheme utilizes both Type 1 and Type 2 membership functions, offering a detailed comparison. To validate its efficiency, the proposed scheme undergoes a comparative study against related state-of-the-art approaches.","PeriodicalId":507038,"journal":{"name":"World Electric Vehicle Journal","volume":"205 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140740439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

MLD Modeling and MPC-Based Energy Management Strategy for Hydrogen Fuel Cell/Supercapacitor Hybrid Electric Vehicles 氢燃料电池/超级电容器混合动力电动汽车的 MLD 建模和基于 MPC 的能量管理策略

World Electric Vehicle Journal Pub Date : 2024-04-05 DOI: 10.3390/wevj15040151

Wenguang Luo, Guangyin Zhang, Ke Zou, Cuixia Lin

{"title":"MLD Modeling and MPC-Based Energy Management Strategy for Hydrogen Fuel Cell/Supercapacitor Hybrid Electric Vehicles","authors":"Wenguang Luo, Guangyin Zhang, Ke Zou, Cuixia Lin","doi":"10.3390/wevj15040151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj15040151","url":null,"abstract":"Energy management strategies for hydrogen fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles (FCHEVs) are a key factor in achieving real-time vehicle energy optimization control, vehicle driving economy, and fuel cell durability. In this paper, for an FCHEV equipped with a fuel cell and supercapacitor, the quantitative information, logic rules, and operational constraints are transformed into linear integer inequalities according to its different operating modes, and the Hysdel language is used to establish its mixed logic dynamic model (MLD). Then, the energy management strategy based on model predictive control (MPC) is developed using the MLD model as the prediction model and the equivalent hydrogen consumption and the performance degradation of the fuel cell as the optimization performance indexes. Finally, under the World Light Vehicle Test Cycle, a joint simulation was carried out with Advisor and Simulink to verify the proposed strategy’s superiority by comparing it with the power following control strategy (PFCS) and the compound fuzzy control strategy (CFCS). The results show that the strategy not only ensures real-time FCHEV energy control, but also reduces hydrogen consumption by 10.98% and 1.98% and the number of start/stop times of a fuel cell by six and four, compared to PFCS and CFCS, respectively, which improves the economy of the whole vehicle as well as the durability of the fuel cell.","PeriodicalId":507038,"journal":{"name":"World Electric Vehicle Journal","volume":"34 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140739769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0