Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society最新文献

Princely prisons, state exhibitions, and Muslim industrial authority in colonial India 殖民时期印度的王公监狱、国家展览和穆斯林工业权威

Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society Pub Date : 2024-05-17 DOI: 10.1017/s1356186324000063

Amanda Lanzillo

{"title":"Princely prisons, state exhibitions, and Muslim industrial authority in colonial India","authors":"Amanda Lanzillo","doi":"10.1017/s1356186324000063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1356186324000063","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article analyses the prison industries and state industrial exhibitions of three Indian princely states in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, tracing how princely elites sought to develop distinct labouring and industrial cultures. Drawing on examples from three Muslim-led princely states, namely Rampur, Bhopal, and Hyderabad, the article argues that state elites distinguished their forms of cultural and religious authority from that of the British Raj by coercing and displaying new industrial practices. They aimed to cultivate an industrial modernity that could compete with colonial projects while also promoting what they characterised as Indian Muslim characteristics and courtly traditions for artisan labourers and their work. The article asks how princely elites worked to conscript their subjects—including marginalised subjects such as convict labourers—into visions of regional industrial authority. Princely visions of Muslim and courtly industrial futures in Rampur, Bhopal, and Hyderabad were rooted in the attempts of state administrators to fashion distinctive regional identities and assert authority in a context of circumscribed, quasi-colonial rulership. Industrial cultures associated with princely prisons and exhibitions ultimately exceeded the bounds of these projects, placing pressure on other state subjects to adopt new material practices and engage with state-defined regional craft traditions.","PeriodicalId":506947,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140963977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

‘Blown from a gun’: situating the British practice of execution by cannon in the context of southern and western Asia 从炮口吹出"：将英国的大炮处决做法置于南亚和西亚的背景之下

Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society Pub Date : 2024-05-17 DOI: 10.1017/s1356186324000038

N. R. Jenzen-Jones, Charles Randall, Jack Shanley, Omer Sayadi

{"title":"‘Blown from a gun’: situating the British practice of execution by cannon in the context of southern and western Asia","authors":"N. R. Jenzen-Jones, Charles Randall, Jack Shanley, Omer Sayadi","doi":"10.1017/s1356186324000038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1356186324000038","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In parts of southern and western Asia, as elsewhere, the cannon once served as one of the most dramatic tools in the inventories of state executioners. The practice of ‘blowing from a gun’, by which the condemned was bound to the front of a cannon and quite literally blown to pieces, was most infamously employed in British India and the Princely States, and the vast majority of English-language scholarship focuses on these regions. However, blowing from guns was commonplace in several other contemporary states, and the British use of the practice has rarely been situated in this context. The tactic was considered especially useful in Persia and Afghanistan, where weak governance, rebellion, and rampant banditry all threatened the legitimacy of the nascent state in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. This article presents a history of the practice of execution by cannon in southern and western Asia, positioning it within the existing literature on public executions in the context of military and civilian justice. In doing so, the article seeks to situate the British use of the tactic within a broader regional practice, arguing that, whilst the British—following the Mughal tradition—used execution by cannon primarily in maintaining military discipline, states such as Persia and Afghanistan instead employed the practice largely in the civilian context. This article also provides a brief technical review of the practice, drawing upon numerous primary sources to examine execution by cannon within the Mughal empire, British India, Persia, and Afghanistan.","PeriodicalId":506947,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society","volume":"46 42","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140965960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Promoting standardisation in modern China: British and American engineers’ organisations, local Chinese engineers, and their transnational networks, 1901–41 促进近代中国的标准化：英美工程师组织、中国本土工程师及其跨国网络，1901-41 年

Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society Pub Date : 2024-03-04 DOI: 10.1017/s1356186323000627

Lin-Chun Wu

{"title":"Promoting standardisation in modern China: British and American engineers’ organisations, local Chinese engineers, and their transnational networks, 1901–41","authors":"Lin-Chun Wu","doi":"10.1017/s1356186323000627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1356186323000627","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Standardisation is a product of the second wave of the Industrial Revolution in Europe and North America. This article examines how Western standardisation practices were introduced, transmitted, and promoted in China during the first half of the twentieth century. In particular, it looks at the critical role played by British, American, and local Chinese engineers in the transmission process. The topics covered in the present article have seldom been considered, and this article tries to fill the gap in scholarship. It analyses the shifting patterns of various standardisation efforts that are closely related to the governance of both cities and the wider nation. Work examined includes that of the Engineering Society of China, led by British engineers, which initiated standardisation in the Shanghai International Settlement in the early twentieth century; that of the Association of Chinese and American Engineers, founded by engineers of China and the USA, which, after World War I, began to implement the standardisation of railway infrastructure, with the cooperation of the Ministry of Transportation of the Beijing government; and efforts in the 1930s under the Nanjing government to establish an ‘engineering’ or ‘technocratic’ state, which included the execution of national schemes for the development of industrial standardisation. From the period of World War I until the 1930s, the orientation and practices of American standardisation strategies dominated China; then, due to the worsening situation of the Chinese–Japanese War, ideological tendencies and national strategies for standardisation began to diverge.","PeriodicalId":506947,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society","volume":"55 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140080753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Foreign aromatics, olfactory culture, and scent connoisseurship in late medieval China 中世纪晚期中国的外来香料、嗅觉文化和香味鉴赏力

Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society Pub Date : 2024-03-04 DOI: 10.1017/s1356186323000640

Linda Rui Feng

{"title":"Foreign aromatics, olfactory culture, and scent connoisseurship in late medieval China","authors":"Linda Rui Feng","doi":"10.1017/s1356186323000640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1356186323000640","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 By the end of the Tang Dynasty (618–907 CE), olfactory culture in China had evolved significantly as coveted aromatics continued to be imported and in increasing quantities from Southeast Asia. Although there is no surviving treatise dedicated to aromatics from this period, anecdotes in prose literature describing the uses and curation of scents reveal a process in which imported aromatics were being actively incorporated into existing olfactory culture and accrued new social, aesthetic, and ritual significance. This process is discernible in two major respects. First, a discourse of connoisseurship for aromatics arose in contrast to the conspicuous consumption of imported aromatics that flaunted wealth and status. Secondly, aromatics that were once the privilege of the very few began to be circulated among a wider (admittedly still elite) population, as seen in the case of the dragon brain aromatic in late-Tang and Five Dynasties accounts. By delving into these and related prose narratives and by cross-examining these accounts against other types of records, this article examines how imported aromatic goods shaped the Tang elite's perception of how scent was—and could be—used as part of a socially rooted sensory experience.","PeriodicalId":506947,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society","volume":"89 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140079983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Railways’ Economic Impact on Uttar Pradesh and Colonial North India (1860–1914): The Iron Raj By Ian D. Derbyshire (review). 615 pp. Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2022. 铁路对北方邦和北印度殖民地的经济影响（1860-1914 年）：The Iron Raj 作者：Ian D. Derbyshire（评论）。615 pp.泰恩河畔纽卡斯尔，剑桥学者出版社，2022 年。

Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society Pub Date : 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.1017/s1356186323000536

David W. Del Testa

引用次数: 0

Japan at War in the Pacific: The Rise and Fall of The Japanese Empire in Asia 1868–1945 By Jonathan Clements. 351 pp. Rutland, VT, Tuttle Publishing, 2022. 太平洋战争中的日本：1868-1945 年日本帝国在亚洲的兴衰》，乔纳森-克莱门茨著。351 页。弗吉尼亚州拉特兰，塔特尔出版社，2022 年。

Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society Pub Date : 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.1017/s135618632300007x

Paul D. Barclay

引用次数: 0

Railways’ Economic Impact on Uttar Pradesh and Colonial North India (1860–1914): The Iron Raj By Ian D. Derbyshire (review). 615 pp. Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2022. 铁路对北方邦和北印度殖民地的经济影响（1860-1914 年）：The Iron Raj 作者：Ian D. Derbyshire（评论）。615 pp.泰恩河畔纽卡斯尔，剑桥学者出版社，2022 年。

Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society Pub Date : 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.1017/s1356186323000536

David W. Del Testa

引用次数: 0

Japan at War in the Pacific: The Rise and Fall of The Japanese Empire in Asia 1868–1945 By Jonathan Clements. 351 pp. Rutland, VT, Tuttle Publishing, 2022. 太平洋战争中的日本：1868-1945 年日本帝国在亚洲的兴衰》，乔纳森-克莱门茨著。351 页。弗吉尼亚州拉特兰，塔特尔出版社，2022 年。

Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society Pub Date : 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.1017/s135618632300007x

Paul D. Barclay

引用次数: 0