Timiryazev Biological Journal最新文献

{"title":"Nutrient Diagnostics and Biochemical Indicators of Oat Grain Quality Predicted by Leaf Juice Amino Acid Concentration","authors":"N. N. Novikov, A. A. Sokolov, P. V. Tereshenkov","doi":"10.26897/2949-4710-2023-2-94-106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26897/2949-4710-2023-2-94-106","url":null,"abstract":"In order to find out the relationship between the level of nitrogen nutrition of oat plants of the Yakov variety and the content of amino acids in leaf juice, as well as the possibility of using this indicator to assess the content and composition of proteins, the activity of amylases, catalases and peroxidases in ripe grain and the activity of theseenzymes in germinating grain, a field experiment was carried out at the Field Experimental Station of Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, on sod-podzolic medium loamy soil. In the field experiment, variants with different levels of nitrogen nutrition of oat plants that had passed post-harvest ripening were tudied. Ammonium nitrate, double superphosphate, and potassium chloride were applied in advance. As a result, it was found that as the level of nitrogen nutrition of plants increased, the concentration of amino acids in the juice of oat leaves at the stage of formation of the first stem node decreased, which was closely correlated with the nitrogen doses. These data indicate the possibility of using this indicator for the diagnosis of nitrogen nutrition in oat plants. The studies also revealed a reliable correlation between the content of amino acids in leaf juice and the concentration of proteins soluble in water and solutions of 10% KCl, 0.2% NaOH, as well as the activity of acid (pH 5.5), neutral (pH 7) and alkaline (pH 8) isoenzymes of α-amylase and acid isoforms of β-amylase in ripe grain. In addition, the amino acid content of leaf juice was found to be significantly correlated with the activity of acidic α-amylase, acidic and neutral β-amylase in germinated grain. The results obtained demonstrate the possibility of predicting the level of protein accumulation in oat grains. It is also possible to predict the protein composition, activity of α- and β-amylase, catalase, and peroxidase isoenzymes from the content of amino acids in leaf juice in the phase of the first stem node formation. A reliable correlation was also found for the activity of acid and neutral isoenzymes of α-amylase, catalase, and peroxidase in ripe and germinated oat grain.","PeriodicalId":506831,"journal":{"name":"Timiryazev Biological Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139315170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phagocytosis in the Fish Oreochromis Niloticus against the Background of Candidaemia Development under Aquarium Conditions","authors":"Дмитрий Владимирович Снегирев, Рамзия Тимергалеевна Маннапова, Dmitry Snegirev, R. Mannapova","doi":"10.26897/2949-4710-2023-2-69-76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26897/2949-4710-2023-2-69-76","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, pathogenic forms of Candida albicans have been activated and isolated in aquariums of commercially valuable fish and in closed water systems (CWIs). They largely colonise the digestive tube and lead to the death of 95‑100% of fish. Treatment methods for aquarium fish bred for food purposes are ecologically and economically unjustified, as the preparations retain a certain toxicity. In this regard, it is necessary to search for environmentally friendly methods of prevention and therapy of candidaemiasis in aquariums and CWIs. It was found that propolis in complex with methylene blue promotes complete elimination of toxicity and suppressive action of sensitizers, inhibition of increased reproduction of Candida in the organism of Oreochromis niloticus, strengthening of haematopoiesis processes, increase of neutrophils, monocytes and activation of phagocytosis. In comparison with the data of the infected fish of group 2, the level of neutrophils increased by 1.63, 1.6, 1.82 and 1.67 times, monocytes by 1.94, 2.58, 3.08 and 3.1 times on the 7th, 14th, 21st and 30th day of the experiment. This contributed to the restoration of the functional activity of cells and phagocytic reactions in the organism of O. niloticus, increasing the ecological environment, productivity and quality of the obtained dietary protein, meat rich in essential fatty acids omega‑3 and -6.","PeriodicalId":506831,"journal":{"name":"Timiryazev Biological Journal","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139320424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecological characterisation of the mycotoxin Alternariol in the green mass of spring wheat and white mustard under the conditions of the Moscow region","authors":"L. V. Mosina, P. F. Vasil’kov","doi":"10.26897/2949-4710-2023-2-118-127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26897/2949-4710-2023-2-118-127","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of the study of the influence of agro-ecological factors on the content of mycotoxins in the green mass of white mustard (Sinapis alba) and the spring wheat variety Lyubava (Triticum aestivum L.). The study was conducted at the experimental field «Yuzhnoe» of the Ecological Station of the Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy using chemical and microbiological methods. Agro-ecological factors were evaluated by the following parameters: humus content, soil acidity, phosphorus, potassium and lead content. The immunoenzyme method was used to determine the content of mycotoxins in the vegetative mass of white mustard and spring wheat (according to development stages). As a result, the highest levels of mycotoxin contamination were found in the mid-ripe stage of the crops, exceeding the average level of contamination by 8‑11 times in wheat and 4‑5 times in white mustard. The highest inverse correlation was found between the Alternariol content in the studied crops and the soil temperature of the upper layer of the humus horizon of 0‑5 cm. This fact justifies a more detailed study of the effect of this environmental factor.","PeriodicalId":506831,"journal":{"name":"Timiryazev Biological Journal","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139320426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Marker-assisted and Genomic Selection of Beef Cattle","authors":"M. Selionova, L. V. Evstaf’eva, E. N. Konovalova, E. Belaya","doi":"10.26897/2949-4710-2023-2-37-48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26897/2949-4710-2023-2-37-48","url":null,"abstract":"This article provides an overview of modern genetic technologies for improving production traits and predicting breeding value in beef cattle. In particular, in marker-assisted selection the most promising is the selectionby desirable genotypes in the genes of myostatin (MSTN), calpain (CAPN), calpastatin (CAST), growth hormone (GH), leptin (LEP), thyroglobulin (TG), fatty acid binding protein (FABP), retinoic acid C-receptor (RORC), diacyl-glycerol acyltransferase (DGATI), sterol-Co desaturase (SCD). A modern and much more advanced approach is the Single Step Genomic Best Linear Unbiased Predictions (ssGBLUP) method, which calculates a Genomic Estimated Breeding Value (GEBV) using DNA chip genotyping, phenotype and pedigree data. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS), based on the use of genetic markers distributed throughout the genome and in non-equilibrium linkage with at least one of the quantitative traits, are currently recognised as more informative for finding new genes for beef cattle productivity. New genes associated with live weight at different stages of ontogenesis, average daily live weight gain, residual feed intake, carcass weight and flesh content have been identified. Most of the identified genes control cell division, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. The accumulated data on full-genome association studies and exome sequencing led to new methods of genetic analysis – gene ontology and gene networks. The use of gene networks provided the first detailed understanding of the genetic basis for the formation of complex phenotypic traits based on the complex interaction of regulatory networks of «major» and «peripheral» genes controlling the development of a particular trait.","PeriodicalId":506831,"journal":{"name":"Timiryazev Biological Journal","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139351085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological Aspects of Interaction of Nanoparticles with Plant and Microorganism Cells","authors":"Дарья Анатольевна Хлебникова, Оксана Борисовна, Поливанова, Маргарита Владимировна, Бойцова, Илья Иванович, Чеповой Нандин-Оюу, Михаил Юрьевич Мунхбаатар, Чередниченко, Darya A. Khlebnikova, Oksana B. Polivanova, Margarita V. Boytsova, Ilya I. Chepovoy, Nandin-Oyuu Munkhbaatar, Mikhail Yu. Cherednichenko","doi":"10.26897/2949-4710-2023-2-77-93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26897/2949-4710-2023-2-77-93","url":null,"abstract":"Nanoparticles (NPs) are materials with unique physical and chemical properties that are less than 100 nm in size. They are widely used in various fields of industry, medicine and agriculture. In agribusiness nanomaterials are used as nanofertilisers and nanopesticides. This fact requires a detailed study of the physiological, biochemical and molecular genetic responses of cells of living organisms – plants, fungi and animals – to interaction with nanomaterials. This review article provides information on the mechanisms of nanoparticle absorption, movement and molecular interaction in plant organisms, as well as mechanisms of their antibacterial and fungicidal activity. Available scientific resources devoted to the physiological features of nanoparticle absorption by plants indicate two possible ways of their penetration into the plant organism – apoplastic and symplastic. In plant cells, nanoparticles act as reactive oxygen species (ROS), causing oxidative stress and triggering enzymatic and non-enzymatic defence systems that result in both inhibition of physiological processes and stimulation of plant growth and development and, consequently, increased yield. The effect on the plant organism is species-specific and depends on the type of nanomaterial and its concentration. Detailed laboratory and field studies are required to determine the specific effect of nanomaterials on a particular plant species, while complying with all toxicological safety standards to avoid environmental contamination with nanomaterials. Nanoparticles act on microorganism cells as physical and chemical disruptors – they change the permeability of cell walls and organelle membranes, protein configuration, damage DNA, leading to physical destruction of cells. Such properties of nanoparticles define antimicrobial and fungicidal activities of nanoparticles. However, nanoparticles should be used cautiously in crop production, as both plant life and productivity depend largely on microbial symbionts, and their effect on microbial cells is not species-specific.","PeriodicalId":506831,"journal":{"name":"Timiryazev Biological Journal","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139353295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feed Characteristics and State of Medicago Falcata L. Cenopopulations in Siberia","authors":"Нина Андреевна Карнаухова, Серафима Яковлевна Сыева, N. Karnaukhova, S. Syeva","doi":"10.26897/2949-4710-2023-2-6-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26897/2949-4710-2023-2-6-18","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of a comprehensive study of Medicago falcat L. – a widespread fodder plant of the natural flora of Siberia. The aim of the research is to find out the fodder value of the species, its adaptability to different botanical and geographical zones of Siberia, as well as its stability and self-restoration ability under anthropogenic influence. To this end, the ontogenetic structure, morphometric parameters, and seed production of 15‑25 middle-aged generative individuals, as well as the chemical composition of fodder samples, were studied in 13 cenopopulations of M. falcata. The study of the fodder value of M. falcata in a wide ecological and geographical range showed that the protein content in air-dry matterdiffered from region to region: in Khakassia – on average 22.9%, in the Altai Republic – up to 15.9%, in the Novosibirsk region – up to 14.33%. One kilogram of alfalfahay contains from 0.47 to 0.67 feed units. It was found that the long life cycle of M. falcata in different botanical-geographical zones can take place in different variants, depending on the level of anthropogenic influence. Taproot plants are more common in undisturbed phytocenoses, whereas in phytocenoses exposed to anthropogenic impacts, rootstock taproot plants are predominant. Consequently, anthropogenic factors influence the number and biomass of species, the mode of seed regeneration and the ontogenetic structure of M. falcata conopopulations.","PeriodicalId":506831,"journal":{"name":"Timiryazev Biological Journal","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139372735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}