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First Occurrence of Coffee Leaf Rust Caused by Hemileia vastatrix on Coffee in Saudi Arabia 沙特阿拉伯首次发生由 Hemileia vastatrix 引起的咖啡叶锈病

Microbiology Research Pub Date : 2024-01-08 DOI: 10.3390/microbiolres15010011

K. Alhudaib, A. Ismail

{"title":"First Occurrence of Coffee Leaf Rust Caused by Hemileia vastatrix on Coffee in Saudi Arabia","authors":"K. Alhudaib, A. Ismail","doi":"10.3390/microbiolres15010011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microbiolres15010011","url":null,"abstract":"Coffee leaf rust (CLR) is a major disease of Arabica coffee caused by the biotrophic fungus Hemileia vastatrix. Jazan region in Saudi Arabia has long been one of the last coffee-producing regions in the world free of this disease. In August 2023, CLR was initially observed in coffee plantations located in Fyfa district one of the main coffee-producing mountains of Jazan region. The source of the infection is unknown, however CLR could have entered Jazan from the nearest coffee-producing locations that haven the pathogen. During a scheduled survey in August 2023, symptoms were observed including yellowish-orange lesions that frequently combined to form chlorotic lesions and exhibited the powdery appearance of yellow uredospores on the abaxial surface of leaves. The uredospores and teliospores were microscopically examined and their morphology matched the previously published description for H. vastatrix. The identity of H. vastatrix specimens was further confirmed based on PCR amplification and sequencing of ITS, sharing a 99–100% identity with previously published sequences, as belonging to H. vastatrix. The pathogenicity of H. vastatrix specimens was investigated on Coffee arabica plants under growth chamber conditions, and all were pathogenic relative to control, with 100% of disease incidence, therefore fulfilling Koch’s postulates. Based on our findings, this is the first documentation of H. vastatrix causing CLR in Saudi Arabia.","PeriodicalId":506564,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Research","volume":"43 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139447457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Screening of Microorganisms from Wastes and Identification of the Optimal Substrate for Biosurfactant Production 从废物中筛选微生物并确定生产生物表面活性剂的最佳底物

Microbiology Research Pub Date : 2024-01-06 DOI: 10.3390/microbiolres15010010

L. Biktasheva, A. Gordeev, Anastasia Kirichenko, P. Kuryntseva, S. Selivanovskaya

{"title":"Screening of Microorganisms from Wastes and Identification of the Optimal Substrate for Biosurfactant Production","authors":"L. Biktasheva, A. Gordeev, Anastasia Kirichenko, P. Kuryntseva, S. Selivanovskaya","doi":"10.3390/microbiolres15010010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microbiolres15010010","url":null,"abstract":"The production of biosurfactants from organic wastes has received significant attention due to its potential cost savings. This study involved the isolation of biosurfactant-producing microorganisms from waste sources. The surfactant properties of the 37 studied isolates were assessed by reducing surface tension and their emulsifying properties, determined by the emulsification index E24. We assessed the ability of these isolated strains to produce biosurfactants using various waste substrates, namely potato peelings, waste cooking oil and sunflower cake. Our results showed that sunflower cake exhibited better growth and biosurfactant production for most of the strains studied. This highlights that sunflower cake is a potentially effective and economical substrate for the production of biosurfactants. The most effective strains allowing to achieve an emulsification index above 50% and reduce surface tension below 40 mN m−1 were Enterobacter sp. 2pp, strain 2wfo, Peribacillus sp. 1mo, Sphingomonas sp. 2mo, Ochrobactrum sp. 5mo, Shouchella sp. 6mo, Bacillus sp. 1os, Bacillus sp. 2os. Among these strains, both previously known strains as biosurfactant producers and previously unknown strains were found. Thus, we found that among representatives of the genus Sphingomonas there are effective producers of biosurfactants. The highest yield of biosurfactant on a medium with glycerol and glucose was shown by the Bacillus sp. 2os strain of 0.501 and 0.636 g L−1, respectively.","PeriodicalId":506564,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology Research","volume":"57 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139449430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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