International Journal of Environment and Climate Change最新文献

{"title":"Seasonal Incidence of Castor Sucking Pests in Southern Telangana Zone, India","authors":"Navya E, Aruna Sri I, Duraimurugan P, Srinivasa Chary D","doi":"10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i74318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i74318","url":null,"abstract":"A study on the population dynamics of sucking pests of castor was conducted at the Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research (IIOR), Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, from November 2023 to March 2024. The sucking pest infestation was started from vegetative stage and continued till harvesting stage. The leafhopper incidence was started in 48th standard meteorological week (SMW) with population of 6.2 leafhoppers/three leaves/plant and reached peak in the 10th SMW with 74.8 leafhoppers/three leaves/ plant. Whitefly infestation was first observed in the 4th SMW with a population of 10.8whiteflies/top leaf/plant, with a peak population of 68.6 whiteflies /top leaf/ plant in the 13th SMW. Thrips infestation was started during the 52nd SMW with a population of 1.2 thrips spike-1, with a peak population of 32 thrips spike-1 in the 8th SMW. All pests showed significant positive correlations with maximum temperature, wind speed, and evaporation and significant negative correlations with morning and evening relative humidity. Specifically, whiteflies were positively correlated with minimum temperature, while leafhoppers and thrips showed no significant correlation with this factor. Leafhoppers and thrips populations were significantly positively correlated with sunshine hours, whereas whiteflies were not. Rainfall had a non-significant negative correlation with all the pest populations.","PeriodicalId":506431,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment and Climate Change","volume":"9 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141803225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a Solar Powered Cooling System for Dairy Cattle Housing Structure","authors":"Gowtham, K. V. Prakash, Devanand Maski, Sunil Shirwal, J. N. Sreedhara, G. V. S. Reddy, V. Raghavendra","doi":"10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i74316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i74316","url":null,"abstract":"A solar powered system was developed and installed to create optimum healthy environmental conditions inside the cattle house. The renewable energy-based gadgets such as solar panel, charge controller, time-controlled switch and accessories were used inside the cattle housing structure to create an optimum healthy environmental condition at University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka, India. The improved cattle housing structure was capable to shelter for 10 pair cows (HF Deoni crossbred cows) with manger feed trough and urine collection system.   The solar panel (74 W) with DC pump, water fogging system, battery (12 V 22 Ah), charge controller, water tank (200 litre) and time-controlled switch were installed inside the dairy house. The solar panel acts as a power source for the operation of DC pump and time-controlled fogger system provides the fogging of water and created the cooling effect for cows. The fogging of water was not allowed to fall on the ground and evaporates in an open atmosphere. The diamond shaped wire mesh provided surrounding the cattle housing structure protected the cows from mosquito bite and other insects. The aim of the study was to maintain atmospheric temperature relatively 4 -50 C was less inside the housing structure and relative humidity at optimum condition was.","PeriodicalId":506431,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment and Climate Change","volume":"40 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141805738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crop Establishment, Residue Retention and Nutrient Management Influence the Phenology-mediated Greenhouse Gases Emission in an Intensive Rice-wheat System","authors":"S. R. Choudhury, C. Panda, Devashish Kumar, Pravesh Kumar, Anupam Das","doi":"10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i74314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i74314","url":null,"abstract":"The impact of management practices (i.e. crop establishment, tillage, residue addition etc.) on the global warming potential (GWP) and greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) in rice-wheat cropping system accounting the economic viability is sparsely documented. A field experiment was established in 2020 to gain insight crop phonology mediated greenhouse gas emission into GWP, GHGI and economic viability on crop seasonal scale over three cycles (2020, 2021 and 2022) of rice-wheat rotations under subtropical climatic condition. Treatments were three planting techniques viz., System of rice intensification (SRI) followed by conventional wheat without residues (SRI-CW), Puddle Transplanted rice (TPR) followed by CW with 30% rice residue incorporation (TPR-CWRi) and zero-till direct sowing of rice (ZT-DSR) followed by ZT wheat with 30% rice residue retention (ZTDSR-ZTWRr) and four different nutrient management practices viz., 100% NPK (as per recommended dose) through mineral fertiliser (100% NPKi), 75% NPK through mineral fertiliser with 25% N trough organics (75% NPKi + 25%NOrg.), 50% NPK through mineral fertiliser with 50% N trough organics (50% NPKi + 50% NOrg.) was followed in both rice and wheat crop and 100% NPK through mineral fertiliser (100% NPKi) along with mung bean (Vigna radiata) green manure in rice and 100% NPK through mineral fertiliser in wheat (100% NPKi + GM). All treatments were established in a split-plot design and repeated three times; where three planting techniques were arranged in main plots and four different nutrient management practices were arranged in sub-plots. The highest system productivity was obtained under ZTDSR-ZTWRr treatment. Moreover, this system reduced the CH4 and N2O emission by 62.7 and 48% respectively over TPR-CWRi, hence, the Global Warming Potential (GWP), as well as gaseous intensity (GHGI), were reduced by 2.0-2.18 and 2.13-2.20 times, respectively than the traditional technique of cultivation. Green manure behaves differently by increasing the system productivity by 4.27% was and reducing the GHGI 4.56% over 100% NPKi. Thus, ZTDSR-ZTWRr along with 100% NPKi and green manuring in rice could be an economically viable opportunity for maintaining future yield standard of the system with lower emission scenario.","PeriodicalId":506431,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment and Climate Change","volume":"63 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141809343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comprehensive Review on Carbon Sequestration Potential and Addition of Organic Carbon to Soil","authors":"Pragya Pandey, V. J. Swaroopa, Kushal, Prem Lal Sahu, Bharti Parmar","doi":"10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i74313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i74313","url":null,"abstract":"Various soil management techniques can be used to sequester carbon in agricultural fields. With widespread implementation, these methods could sequester a substantial amount of carbon. For the purpose of removing carbon from the atmosphere and storing it in the soil, various management techniques exist. The efficacy of these tactics varies depending on the region, soil type, and climate. The longevity of soil sequestration and the ideal circumstances for maximising the reduction of carbon emissions remain topics of discussion. This essay examines the process by which soil stores carbon, the current status of soil carbon research, and the controversy surrounding the potential of soil carbon. It emphasises the numerous side advantages of raising soil carbon and provides a set of suggestions for further investigation. A substantial amount of soil organic carbon (SOC) might be sequestered by switching from conventional to conservation tillage, although this change would only have a long-term impact on tillage practices. Crop rotation based on legumes is more effective than that based on grass in converting biomass carbon to soil organic carbon. Rotational grazing lowers the overall quantity of CO2 released into the atmosphere while improving the quality of the grass. Producing biochar and incorporating it into soil is an additional strategy for storing carbon from the atmosphere.","PeriodicalId":506431,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment and Climate Change","volume":"8 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141810155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Floral Biology of Salix alba: Insights into Reproductive Dynamics, Pollen Production and Pollen Morphology in Kashmir Himalayas","authors":"Oyais Ahmad Wagay, J. A. Mugloo, T. Masoodi, N.A. Pala, Barkat Hussain, Imran Khan, M. I. Jeelani, G. M. Bhat, Jauhar Rafeeq","doi":"10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i74312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i74312","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the floral phenology, pollen production and pollen characteristics of Salix alba (white willow) over the years 2022 and 2023, highlighting inter-annual and individual tree variations. In 2022, male catkins began flowering between March 8 and March 10, while female catkins initiated between March 14 and March 22. Flowering for male catkins lasted until mid-May and for female catkins until late May. In 2023, male catkins started flowering from March 10 to March 14 and female catkins from March 17 to March 24, with similar flowering durations. Inflorescence diameters varied among individual trees, ranging from 4.4 mm to 7.7 mm for male catkins and 6.1 mm to 8.1 mm for female catkins across the two years. Pollen production exhibited significant variability with the highest recorded at 4,600,995,000 grains per tree and the lowest at 498,312,500 grains per tree. On average, trees produced approximately 2,164,836,667 pollen grains. Pollen viability ranged from 75% to 80%, with sizes between 16 µm and 26 µm. The pollen-ovule ratio also showed substantial differences, with the highest ratio observed at 7600:2 and the lowest at 2345:7. These findings underscore the considerable year-to-year and tree-to-tree variation in the reproductive traits of Salix alba, which may have implications for its breeding and conservation strategies.","PeriodicalId":506431,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment and Climate Change","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141815417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial and Temporal Trends in Precipitation and Temperature and their Influence on Groundwater in Ballia","authors":"Vijeta Singh, A. Sherring, Sumant Kumar, Shakti Suryavanshi, Prabhash Kumar Mishra","doi":"10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i74311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i74311","url":null,"abstract":"A study examined the impact of long-term pre- and post-monsoon precipitation and temperature on groundwater level fluctuations in 17 blocks of Ballia District. The study used 100 years of daily precipitation data (1917-2016) and 62 years of daily temperature data (1951-2012) from the Indian Meteorological Department. Seasonal analysis was performed using pre-monsoon, monsoon, post-monsoon, and winter data. The Mann-Kendall method and Sen's slope were applied. The spatial variability of rainfall and temperature was mapped using the IDW technique in ArcGIS. Significant annual precipitation decreases were found in Murlichapra and Sear blocks. Maniar and Pandah blocks showed precipitation increases. An increasing pre-monsoon trend was observed in several blocks, while post-monsoon trends varied. Groundwater levels fluctuated across Ballia, with a notable decrease of 2.1 m in Bairia Block from 2006 to 2016.","PeriodicalId":506431,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment and Climate Change","volume":"14 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141816203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological Performance of Different Rice Hybrids under Agroclimatic Conditions of Uttar Pradesh","authors":"K. Kumar, Vikram Singh","doi":"10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i74310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i74310","url":null,"abstract":"A field in the kharif season of 2021, a field experiment was conducted at Sam higginbottom University of Agricultural Technology And Sciences, Prayagraj, with the purpose of evaluating ten rice hybrids (UR-26, UR-27, UR-28, UR-29, UR-30, UR-31, UR-32, UR-33, UR-34, and UR-35) under Uttar Pradesh's agro-climatic conditions. The study aimed to assess their growth, productivity, and grain quality attributes.  The experiment addressed a gap in knowledge regarding which rice hybrids perform best in the specific agro-climatic conditions. By comparing these hybrids, the study sought to provide insights into selecting the most suitable varieties for maximizing agricultural productivity in the region. Among the hybrids evaluated, UR-32 demonstrated exceptional performance and exhibited superior grain quality characteristics including better hulling, milling, and head rice recovery rates. These results highlight UR-32 as a promising choice for farmers in Uttar Pradesh seeking to optimize both yield and grain quality during the kharif season.  In conclusion, the study not only filled a research gap by identifying the top-performing rice hybrid under Uttar Pradesh's agro-climatic conditions but also provided valuable data for enhancing agricultural practices and crop selection strategies in the region","PeriodicalId":506431,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment and Climate Change","volume":"36 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141819474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geospatial Techniques for Mapping Madapur Micro-Watershed Using GIS and Remote Sensing Techniques","authors":"Vijayakumari Raveendra Channavar, Jagadeesh B R, M. Potdar, P. L. Patil, Chandrashekhar S S","doi":"10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i74307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i74307","url":null,"abstract":"Geographic Information Systems (GIS)-based land resource inventory (LRI) with high-resolution imagery is the most reliable tool for soil resource mapping. However, soil series-based mapping remains crucial for detailed soil studies in Madapur micro-watershed. A thorough geospatial analysis of land resources was conducted to support integrated land use planning efforts. This involves assessing various factors such as land cover, land use patterns, terrain features and soil characteristics. By adapting GIS and remote sensing data, soil maps were prepared for decision-making in land use planning initiatives, considering environmental sustainability, socio-economic factors and land resource availability. The research findings revealed the extent of soil erosion, gravel content, salinity levels, soil depth, soil pH and nutrient availability. In the moderately soil erosion category, the area covered 316 ha (65.67 %) followed by slightly erosion category covered 99 ha (20.56 %). Gravel content was prevalent, with 276 ha (57.39 %) falling into the gravelly category, while the remaining was non-gravelly. Salinity levels were low across the entire area with non saline. Soil depth in 278 ha (57.81%) area was very deep soil (>150 cm), while a significant portion 126 ha (26.16%) has moderately shallow depth (50-75 cm). The soil reaction is moderately alkaline, with 97.27 percent of the area showing this trait. Nitrogen deficiency is common, affecting 97.27 percent of the area with levels below 280 kg/ha. Phosphorus availability is moderate, ranging from 23 to 56 kg/ha. Potassium content is also moderate in 65.22% of the area, with levels between 140 and 330 kg/ha. Adequate levels of micronutrients like iron, copper and manganese were present, but zinc content was deficient. Despite soil limitations, a substantial portion (57.12%, 275 ha) is classified as good cultivable land with some soil limitations, suggesting potential for agricultural productivity with appropriate management practices.","PeriodicalId":506431,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment and Climate Change","volume":"116 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141822238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal Occurence of Major Insect Pests of Rice Grown in Krishna Delta Region of Andhra Pradesh","authors":"T. Hemanth, Ch. Sreenivasa Rao, D. S. Rani, G. B. Madhavi, D. Ramesh","doi":"10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i74306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i74306","url":null,"abstract":"The investigation on seasonal occurrence of major insect pests of rice grown in Krishna Delta of Andhra Pradesh was conducted during kharif 2023-24. Weekly observations on pest population in relation with abiotic factors revealed that the initial and peak incidence of yellow stem borer (YSB) as dead hearts was observed at vegetative stage during SMW 30 and SMW 38 with 0.30% and 5.56% respectively, whereas at reproductive stage the highest and lowest incidence in the form of white ears was observed after panicle emergence at SMW 44 and SMW 42 i.e., 0.33% and 2.20%, respectively. The highest rice leaf folder incidence was recorded at SMW 39 (9.21%) and lowest at SMW 44 (1.00%). The highest and lowest brown planthopper (BPH) mean population was recorded at SMW 39 and SMW 31 and it was 9.60 hoppers/hill and 0.20 hoppers/hill, respectively. On the other hand, highest and lowest white backed planthopper (WBPH) mean population was recorded during SMW 38 and SMW 32 and it was 3.70 and 0.40 hoppers/hill respectively. The YSB showed non-significant negative correlation with maximum temperature and rainfall, while showed non-significant positive correlation with minimum temperature, morning and evening relative humidity. The rice leaf folder population showed non-significant negative correlation with minimum temperature and non-significant positive correlation with maximum temperature, morning and evening relative humidity and rainfall. BPH population showed non-significant negative correlation with maximum and minimum temperature and rainfall, while it was non-significant positive correlation with morning and evening relative humidity. WBPH population showed significant positive correlation with morning relative humidity, non-significant positive correlation with maximum temperature and evening relative humidity and non-significant negative correlation with minimum temperature.","PeriodicalId":506431,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment and Climate Change","volume":" 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141825840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction and Standardization of Knowledge Test to Measure the Knowledge Level of Farmers on Rice Crop Cultivation","authors":"P. L. Prasanna, P. V. S. Gopal, P. Rambabu, K. Srinivasulu, V. S. Rao","doi":"10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i74303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i74303","url":null,"abstract":"A study was designed to develop a standardized test to measure the knowledge of rice farmers. Pertinent items covering every aspect of rice cultivation were collected with the help of subject matter specialists, progressive farmers, and scientists along with related literature. After getting experts opinion, items were subjected to difficulty index, discrimination index, correlation, reliability and validity. Items with 20-80 of difficulty level, items with 0.20-0.80 discrimination index and significant either at 1 percent or 5 percent level point in biserial correlation were selected and admitted to rice to measure knowledge level on rice cultivation. A total of 47 items were included in the final knowledge test to measure the knowledge level of farmers in rice cultivation.","PeriodicalId":506431,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment and Climate Change","volume":" 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141828928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}