UMYU Scientifica最新文献

{"title":"New Generalized Odd Fréchet-G (NGOF-G) Family of Distribution with Statistical Properties and Applications","authors":"Ibrahim Abubakar Sadiq, S. Doguwa, Abubakar Yahaya, Jamilu Garba","doi":"10.56919/usci.2323.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.2323.016","url":null,"abstract":"The distribution theory literature contains recent types of parametric distributional models that have been successfully used in the past and whose goodness of fit is sufficient only for certain datasets, suggesting further attention to accommodate a wider range of real-world datasets, for more adaptability, efficiency, and applications. This study aims to develop an extended Fréchet-G family of distributions and study their mathematical properties. The method of Alzaatreh is employed in developing a new lifetime continuous probability distribution called the new Generalized Odd Fréchet-G Family of Distribution. The developed distribution is flexible for studying positive real-life datasets. The statistical properties related to this family are obtained. The parameters of the family were estimated by using a technique of maximum likelihood. A New Generalized Odd Fréchet-Weibull model is introduced. This distribution was fitted with a set of lifetime data. A Monte Carlo simulation is applied to test the consistency of the estimated parameters of this distribution in terms of their bias and mean squared error with a comparison of M.L.E and the maximum product spacing (MPS). The findings of the Monte Carlo simulation show that the M.L.E method is the best technique for estimating the parameter of New Generalized Odd Frechet-Weibull distribution than the M.PS method. The findings of the application on the data set produce a higher flexibility than some of the competing distributions. In general, our new distributions serve as a viable alternative to other distributions available in the literature for modelling positive data.","PeriodicalId":506326,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"190 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139333676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Checklist, Diversity and Abundance of the Flora in some Selected Local Government of Zamfara State, Northwestern Nigeria","authors":"Isyaku Abubakar, Bello Musawa Bello, Khalid Tukur, Nura Salah Maiakwai, Mustapha Muhammad Sani","doi":"10.56919/usci.2323.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.2323.021","url":null,"abstract":"Check list of the flora in some selected Local Governments of Zamfara State, North Western Nigeria, was studied. The objective of the study was to provide a comprehensive checklist document and evaluate the diversity and abundance of floral species in the study area. A field inventory of floral species was adopted for data collection. The result showed a total of 306 species belonging to 229 genera within 58 families represented in the study area. The result showed that twenty-six families consist of only 1 species each, eight families have 2 species each and five families have 3 species each, two families have 4 species each while the other families consist of 5 species, 6 species 7 species, 9 species, 14 species 24 species and 86 species respectively. Of these, the family Fabaceae has the highest number of species, 86 occurring in all the study areas, followed by Asteraceae and Euphorbiaceae with 24 each. This result reveals a high rate of degradation of the remnant flora species as a result of human activities, habitat conversion into residential areas (urbanization), and expansion of Farmland. It's recommended that State Government management and the entire communities pay attention to conservation planning and management activities that will take ecological implications into consideration. More research should be conducted on the identified species in order to ascertain their morphological, anatomical, ethnobotanical and economic importance.","PeriodicalId":506326,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139332777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomass Assessment and Optimization of Alcaligenes faecalis Isolated from some Nigerian Mining Sites for Heavy Metal Uptake Using Response Surface Methodology Model","authors":"Umar Balarabe Ibrahim, Ibrahim Yusuf, Ali Saleh, Aminu Yusuf Fardami, Haruna Ismail Yahaya, Abubakar Muazu Jodi, Zainab Muhammad Sanusi, A. H. Kawo, Muhammad Kabiru Nataala, Sani Yahaya","doi":"10.56919/usci.2323.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.2323.019","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we investigated the heavy metal absorption of Alcaligenes faecalis strain U.B.I., a bacteria isolated from a mining site, under different environmental conditions. We utilized both conventional and molecular techniques to identify the bacteria and employed response surface methodology (R.S.M.) to determine optimal environmental conditions for heavy metal absorption. Our analysis revealed that the heavy metal-tolerant bacteria belong to the Proteobacteria, specifically the Betaproteobacteria order in the Burkholderiales family. Additionally, the bacteria’s phylogenetic characteristics indicated a close relationship between the Aeromonas sp. cluster and members of the Aeromonadaceae family. Our results showed that the biomass A. faecalis strain U.B.I. had an optimal potential for chromium (Cr+) absorption at 93.0%. We also conducted tests on the biomass under optimized conditions for lead (Pb2+) absorption using R.S.M., resulting in a mean heavy metal uptake of 89.99%. Furthermore, we analyzed the surface functional groups after interaction with heavy metals and observed a significant shift in position of the functional groups. The O-H stretch and H-bonded at the 3268 cm1 position, while C=C stretch and N-O asymmetrical stretch/C-O stretch occurred at positions 2195 cm-1 and 1629 cm-1 of the spectra, respectively. Our findings suggest that the biomass of A. faecalis strain U.B.I. has potential for heavy metal bioremediation and can be used for heavy metal biosorption under various environmental conditions.","PeriodicalId":506326,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139332823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Neem Tree (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) Invasion on the Growth of Indigenous Flora in Katsina State, Northwest Nigeria","authors":"Bello Musawa Bello, Khalid Tukur, Mustapha Muhammad Sani, Isyaku Abubakar, Mukhtar Abubakar Lawal","doi":"10.56919/usci.2323.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.2323.020","url":null,"abstract":"Invasive or alien species are increasing in number, extent, and influence worldwide.  They are both passengers and drivers of change, and they interact synergistically with many other facets of global change.  The Neem trees have been grown successfully in all parts of Nigeria.  Neem has become an invasive and naturalized species in various parts of Nigeria in quite diverse ecological and climatic conditions.  The tree is adaptable to a wide range of climatic and topographic conditions.  The objective of the study is to determine the effect of neem invasion on the growth of indigenous flora in Katsina state.  The information on farmers' perception about Neem tree was obtained using semi semi-structured questionnaire.  About 200 informants were interviewed.  Direct counting of trees was conducted to determine the effect of Neem invasion on the indigenous flora.  A total of 58 species of trees belonging to 47 genera within 15 families, of which family Fabaceae has the highest number of tree species, 44 affected by neem invasion in the study area.  The result showed the effects of having neem in the farms. Some of the respondents believed that Neem spread easily and nothing grew near it.  Others believed that it's difficult to kill and grow back easily.  The result indicated a number of tree species found in farms compared to the number of farmers needed for that tree. A lot of farmers preferred indigenous trees then Neem in their farms.  In conclusion, in Katsina and from casual observations in the study areas, we have found that Neem is spreading in a way characteristic of an invasive species.  They are spread by birds and other animals, becoming numerous under native trees.  The trees themselves may become 'weeds.  Since farmers in Katsina do not like Neem in their fields, it can be considered a weed, and because it can reproduce in large quantities at a considerable distance from the parent plant, it is, by definition, an invasive plant.","PeriodicalId":506326,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139333830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Evaluation of Unpeeled Cassava (Manihot esculenta) and Tacca (Tacca involucrata) Tuber Flours as Substrates for Bioethanol Production","authors":"P. S. Awodi, John Adole Ujoh, Peter Adikwu, T. Nwagu","doi":"10.56919/usci.2323.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.2323.014","url":null,"abstract":"The ever-increasing demand for alternatives to fossil fuel due to its negative impacts on the environment and high prices have resulted in the search for feedstock for bioethanol production. Cassava is one of the major staple foods that is processed into various preservative forms in Nigeria, while tacca is a plant growing in the wild and is eaten by a few people during scarcity of food. Unpeeled cassava and tacca tubers were processed into flour. The flour was hydrolyzed using Aspergillus niger and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, separately. The bioethanol potentials of tuber flours were evaluated using a single-step process. Hydrolysis of 10g of cassava tuber flour separately by Aspergillus niger and Saccharomyces cerevisiae produced (g/100mL) 0.720 and 0.765 of sugar, respectively, while hydrolysis of 10g of tacca tuber flour separately by Aspergillus niger and Saccharomyces cerevisiae produced (g/100mL) 0.392 and 0.367 of sugar respectively. Evaluation of the effect of time during hydrolysis of cassava tuber flour for 24h by Aspergillus niger and Saccharomyces cerevisiae separately produced (g/100mL) 1.44 and 0.737 of sugar, while hydrolysis of tacca tuber flour for 24h  produced (g/100mL) 0.768 and 0.493 of sugar. Evaluation of the effect of varying pH values during hydrolysis of the tuber flours revealed that pH 5.6 produced the highest concentration of sugar (0.240g/100mL) and (0.803g/100mL) when Aspergillus niger and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were separately used to hydrolyze cassava tuber flour. When Aspergillus niger and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were separately used to hydrolyze tacca tuber flour at pH 5.6, 0.626g and 0.436g of sugar was produced. Fermentation of cassava tuber flour by mixed culture of Aspergillus niger and Saccharomyces cerevisiae for 48h produced 3.851%(w/v) bioethanol at 24h of fermentation, while fermentation of tacca tuber flour by mixed culture of Aspergillus niger and Saccharomyces cerevisiae produced 3.236% (w/v) bioethanol at 48h. Cassava tuber flour produced a higher concentration of bioethanol than tacca tuber flour. These results have shown that tacca tuber is a potential feedstock for bioethanol production, hence exploitation of nonfood materials such as tacca tuber for bioprocesses can reduce the over _dependence on cassava tuber.","PeriodicalId":506326,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139332787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intracellular Survival of Toxoplasma gondii: Success and Adaptation","authors":"Abdullahi Alhassan Sharif, Hassan Yahaya","doi":"10.56919/usci.2323.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.2323.013","url":null,"abstract":"T. gondii was described as the most successful parasite on earth because of its wide range of host agents, intracellular adaptations and its ability to maintain continuous survival for the life span of its host. Its complex movement, penetration and intracellular replication within the host cell are organized in such a way that it invades and evades immune cells. Formation of parasitoporous vacoule within the host cells and strong anti-oxidant system, are factors that add to its ability to maintain itself in a latent stage, evasion of immune cells attack as well as the effects of reactive oxygen species. In immunocompetent individuals, the infection is asymptomatic, and the parasite exists and persists in a slowly replicating bradyzoite stage in skeletal muscle, heart, brain, retina, and placental tissues. Reactivation of the rapidly replicating tachyzoite stage in settings of immune-depression results with severe consequences.  This, therefore, prompts the need to understand certain mechanisms through which this organism succeeds and adapts the harsh condition of host cells during infection. The review further portrays the applicability of diagnostics and therapeutics to diagnose, treat and prevent infection with T. gondii.","PeriodicalId":506326,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139331844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing the Third Order Linear and Nonlinear Fuzzy Ordinary Differential Equations in Hilbert Space by the Extension Principle.","authors":"Habibu Hassan, Alhaji Tahir","doi":"10.56919/usci.2323.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.2323.012","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, a third nonlinear fuzzy ordinary differential equation is defined and established in Hilbert space using extension principle. The results obtained gives clear distinction between this work and the existing ones in the literature an example is formulated which shows that a closed subset of a Hilbert space is a Hilbert Space. It is recommended that future study should consider the development of system of third order linear and nonlinear fuzzy ordinary differential equations in Hilbert space by the extension principle.","PeriodicalId":506326,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"167 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139333955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extreme Rainfall Modeling through the Lens of Extreme Value Theory: A Case Study of Katsina City, Nigeria","authors":"Ibrahim Lawal Kane, Khadija Umar Tahir, Anasu Rabe","doi":"10.56919/usci.2323.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.2323.015","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change has conveyed about strange new weather patterns, among others is changes in rainfall extremes. To make adequate inferences about extreme rainfall, it's important to invest in meteorological research. This can include the use of climate models to predict extreme rainfall events with greater accuracy. Additionally, information sharing can help ensure that countries are well-prepared for extreme weather events and can collaborate to address the global challenges posed by climate change. Monthly rainfall record of Katsina city was collected from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NiMet), Nigeria. In pursuit of this objective, the study employed Extreme Value Theory to model and forecast extreme rainfall of Katsina city, utilizing rainfall data spanning from 1989 to 2019. The research employed the Maximum Likelihood Estimation method to derive the model parameters. For the Generalized Extreme Value Distribution (GEVD), the block maxima approach was applied, whereas the Generalized Pareto Distribution (GPD) was fitted using the Peak Over Threshold method. The analysis revealed that the optimal model within the GEVD framework was the Frechet distribution, whereas the ordinary Pareto distribution emerged as the optimal model when considering values above the threshold. Additionally, the study included predictions for return periods of 2, 20, and 100 years based on the return level estimates, accompanied by the presentation of their respective confidence intervals. The analysis demonstrated that as the return periods lengthened, there was a proportional increase in the return levels. The study's model diagnostics, involving probability, density, quantile, and return level plots, collectively indicated that the provided models were well-suited for the dataset.","PeriodicalId":506326,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"227 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139333352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Dandruff among the Pupils and Staff of some Selected Public Schools in Katsina State","authors":"Nawaf A., Junaidu Sanusi, Ibrahim S., Babangida I., Liadi S.","doi":"10.56919/usci.2323.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.2323.018","url":null,"abstract":"Dandruff is characterized by patches of loosely attached flakes on the scalp, which are generally accompanied by irritation. malassezia species of the genus restricta and globossa, Staphylococcus species of the genus aureus, and Bacteria of the genus Propiobacterium are components of human skin microflora and etiological agents of dandruff.   The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of dandruff,  Isolation and identification of the pathogens causing the dandruff infection among secondary school students in Katsina State. The study was a cross-sectional survey conducted with the permission of seven local government areas, namely: Katsina, Funtua, Mani, Kankia, Malunfashi, Dutsin-ma, and Daura. According to the prevalence studies of the selected LGAs, Kankia and Mani Local Governments had the highest prevalence rates of 14.81% and 14.65%, respectively, followed by Daura, Malunfashi, and Funtua with 14.49%, 14.33%, and 14.01%. Dutsinma and Katsina had the lowest prevalence rates, of 13.85% and 13.85%, respectively.    Males (51%) were more affected than females (49%), out of the 420 people polled.  The prevalence by age shows that the age group 11-20 years has the highest incidence of dandruff infection, with 58.83%, followed by the age groups 1-10 years, with 21.88%, and 21-30 years, with 8.27%. The socioeconomic position of the individuals studied was found to be a risk factor for the occurrence of this disease. The prevalence of dandruff was highest in villages, followed by towns, with 58% and 42%, respectively. To prevent the spread of this disease, the researchers recommend sterilizing barbing and weaving materials.","PeriodicalId":506326,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139333782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solution of Time Independent System of First Order Ordinary Differential Equations Using Embedding Method in Fuzzy Environment","authors":"Habibu Hassan, Alhaji Tahir","doi":"10.56919/usci.2323.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.2323.011","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, time independent system of first order fuzzy ordinary differential equations is solved using embedding method. Results for the system of FODEs are obtained and a case of non-homogeneous system of FODEs is established and used to find the Eigen values in an  n x n matrix with negative real numbers R- consisting of n fuzzy numbers. Examples are constructed using the principles of existence and uniqueness. It is recommended that further study should look at the possibilities of generalizing this work to nth order system of first order ordinary differential equations using embedding method in fuzzy environment.","PeriodicalId":506326,"journal":{"name":"UMYU Scientifica","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139331634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}