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ANALYSIS OF CHEST PROTECTORS AND BALLISTIC SHIELDS IN TERMS OF THE POSSIBILITY OF USING SPATIAL STRUCTURES PRODUCED WITH ADDITIVE METHODS 分析护胸和防弹盾牌使用添加法生产的空间结构的可能性
PROBLEMY TECHNIKI UZBROJENIA Pub Date : 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0054.6672
Piotr Fotyga, M. Magier
{"title":"ANALYSIS OF CHEST PROTECTORS AND BALLISTIC SHIELDS IN TERMS OF THE POSSIBILITY OF USING SPATIAL STRUCTURES PRODUCED WITH ADDITIVE METHODS","authors":"Piotr Fotyga, M. Magier","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0054.6672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.6672","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the article was to analyze selected designs of two types of shields: chest protectors for motorcyclists and light, personal ballistic shields, in terms of the materials and design solutions used. In the further part of the article, selected concepts of spatial structures dedicated to absorbing the kinetic impact energy were analyzed based on a literature review. Basing on the analyses, conclusions were drawn regarding the possibility of developing and testing spatial structures produced using additive technologies, protecting the chest and limbs against the kinetic impact generated at velocity from 130 km/h up to 1300 km/h.","PeriodicalId":506206,"journal":{"name":"PROBLEMY TECHNIKI UZBROJENIA","volume":" 36","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141675642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
POSSIBILITIES FOR APPLICATION OF WASTE TYRES IN INDIVIDUAL BALLISTIC ARMOURS 将废轮胎应用于个人防弹装甲的可能性
PROBLEMY TECHNIKI UZBROJENIA Pub Date : 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0054.6684
Tomasz Chmura
{"title":"POSSIBILITIES FOR APPLICATION OF WASTE TYRES IN INDIVIDUAL BALLISTIC ARMOURS","authors":"Tomasz Chmura","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0054.6684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.6684","url":null,"abstract":"Development of motorisation and car transport is a source of large amounts of waste. Tyres waste is difficult and expensive for utilisation. Its aggregation and storng poses a serious problem to the environment. It also is an inspiration for searching new areas where the waste could be used. The paper presents results of tests on stabbing (knife resistance) for samples prepared with three layers of different types of used car tyres according with standard NIJ Standard–0115.00: Stab Resistance of Personal Body Armor. The samples met the requirements only for the first level of resistance in the case of an edge imitating a large military knife. Testing the resistance on higher levels and for other edges ended with a negative result. Therefore, a possibility for potential application of materials originating from the used tyres in individual armours protecting against stabbing by the white weapon is significantly limited.","PeriodicalId":506206,"journal":{"name":"PROBLEMY TECHNIKI UZBROJENIA","volume":" 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141675179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
HARDWARE IN THE LOOP STATIONS FOR TESTING AERIAL LASER GUIDED BOMBS 用于测试空中激光制导炸弹的环形硬件站
PROBLEMY TECHNIKI UZBROJENIA Pub Date : 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0054.6671
Tomasz Klemba, Wiesław Milewski, Mariusz Pietraszek, Mirosław Wijaszka
{"title":"HARDWARE IN THE LOOP STATIONS FOR TESTING AERIAL LASER GUIDED BOMBS","authors":"Tomasz Klemba, Wiesław Milewski, Mariusz Pietraszek, Mirosław Wijaszka","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0054.6671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.6671","url":null,"abstract":"The article details a comprehensive simulation study on guided aerial bombs, utilizing a Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) station. It outlines the construction of the HIL station, the guided bomb model, and the simulation's control environment. The principle of operation of the laser seeker and the method of calculating the target observation angle are introduced. For simulation purposes, the spatial motion of the bomb was described by a system of twelve ordinary differential equations, supplemented with control laws. Subsequent tests validate the simulation models against their real-world counterparts, proving the efficacy of the HIL station in guided bomb testing. The test results make it possible to assess both the correctness of the models (especially the seeker) used in the simulation program and their real counterparts used in tests on the HIL station.","PeriodicalId":506206,"journal":{"name":"PROBLEMY TECHNIKI UZBROJENIA","volume":" 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141675034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
DESIGN OF A SPORTS SUBMACHINE GUN MPM 9 „BOHR”. PART I - REVIEW OF EXISTING MODELS, INITIAL TECHNICAL ASSUMPTIONS 设计运动型冲锋枪 MPM 9 "BOHR"。第 I 部分 - 审查现有模型，初步技术假设
PROBLEMY TECHNIKI UZBROJENIA Pub Date : 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0054.6667
Michał Hryniewicz, M. Magier
{"title":"DESIGN OF A SPORTS SUBMACHINE GUN MPM 9 „BOHR”. PART I - REVIEW OF EXISTING MODELS, INITIAL TECHNICAL ASSUMPTIONS","authors":"Michał Hryniewicz, M. Magier","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0054.6667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.6667","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this work was to design a sports submachine gun based on a review of current design solutions used in this type of weapon and to create preliminary technical assumptions. The scope of work included the selection of a cartridge for the submachine gun, the selection of the barrel length, the calculation of the outer diameter of the barrel, the selection of the mass of the bolt and the return spring as well as the calculation of the bolt kinematics, the creation of a functional model using the additive technique, checking the correct operation of the weapon's mechanisms and indicating possible design improvements. Part I contains an overview of existing designs of sports submachine guns and formulates preliminary technical assumptions for design.","PeriodicalId":506206,"journal":{"name":"PROBLEMY TECHNIKI UZBROJENIA","volume":" 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141675910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
STRENGTH ANALYSIS OF REINFORCED AND UNREINFORCED BARRELS USED IN SMALL ARMS OF SELECTED CALIBERS. PART I - SOLVING THE MAIN PROBLEM OF INTERNAL BALLISTICS FOR THE TESTED BARRELS 对选定口径小武器中使用的加固和未加固枪管的强度分析。第 I 部分 - 解决测试枪管内部弹道的主要问题
PROBLEMY TECHNIKI UZBROJENIA Pub Date : 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0054.6666
Bartłomiej Dąbrowski, M. Magier, Paweł Sweklej
{"title":"STRENGTH ANALYSIS OF REINFORCED AND UNREINFORCED BARRELS USED IN SMALL ARMS OF SELECTED CALIBERS. PART I - SOLVING THE MAIN PROBLEM OF INTERNAL BALLISTICS FOR THE TESTED BARRELS","authors":"Bartłomiej Dąbrowski, M. Magier, Paweł Sweklej","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0054.6666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.6666","url":null,"abstract":"The presented work was aimed to fulfil two main research objectives. The first one related to designing six barrels in three calibers: 5.56x45 NATO, 7.62x51 NATO, and 12.7x99 NATO. Two barrels were designed for each calibre: one unreinforced and second with reinforced coat. The second task related to execution of a computer simulation of barrels resistance, using the finite elements method, and formulation of conclusions by comparing numerical and analytical calculations of the resistance. First part includes a solution of the Main Problem of Internal Ballistics (MPIB) for all investigated barrels.","PeriodicalId":506206,"journal":{"name":"PROBLEMY TECHNIKI UZBROJENIA","volume":" 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141673650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
INCOMPATIBILITIES OF AMMUNITION PRIMERS AFTER EXPIRATION OF GUARANTEED TECHNICAL LIFE TIME 弹药底火在保证技术寿命到期后的不兼容性
PROBLEMY TECHNIKI UZBROJENIA Pub Date : 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0054.6674
B. Krysiński
{"title":"INCOMPATIBILITIES OF AMMUNITION PRIMERS AFTER EXPIRATION OF GUARANTEED TECHNICAL LIFE TIME","authors":"B. Krysiński","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0054.6674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.6674","url":null,"abstract":"Primers can be found in almost every type of ammunition. Depending on the purpose of a primer, it can be installed in the outer wall of the product (e.g. small arms ammunition) or in its interior (e.g. fuses). Their physicochemical parameters change during the storage process as a result of the natural aging of the materials from which they are made, the impact of environmental factors, as well as various mechanical forces accompanying the process of their exploitation. Due to the role of primers in the operation of ammunition, their technical condition is subject to periodic inspections. They involve subjecting them to diagnostic tests and, based on the results obtained, making a prognostic decision informing about the method and period of their further operation. The article presents significant incompatibilities of primers found during their testing.","PeriodicalId":506206,"journal":{"name":"PROBLEMY TECHNIKI UZBROJENIA","volume":" 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141675810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF HEAT AND MECHANICAL TREATMENT ON THE FRAGMENTATION OF 120 MM HIGH-EXPLOSIVE MORTAR SHELLS.PART I - CHARACTERISTICS OF SELECTED 120 MM MORTAR SHELLS 分析热处理和机械处理对 120 毫米高爆迫击炮弹破片的影响。
PROBLEMY TECHNIKI UZBROJENIA Pub Date : 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0054.6650
Michał Orłowski, Andrzej Rogala, Paweł Sweklej, M. Magier
{"title":"ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF HEAT AND MECHANICAL TREATMENT ON THE FRAGMENTATION OF 120 MM HIGH-EXPLOSIVE MORTAR SHELLS.PART I - CHARACTERISTICS OF SELECTED 120 MM MORTAR SHELLS","authors":"Michał Orłowski, Andrzej Rogala, Paweł Sweklej, M. Magier","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0054.6650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.6650","url":null,"abstract":"The research goal of the work was to determine the influence of thermal and mechanical processing on the fragmentation of 120 mm projectiles for Rak self-propelled mortar based on results of dynamic tests over the fragmentation of projectile shells and measurements of number of fragments in individual mass groups. The main issues raised in the work are the tactical and technical requirements that must be met by HE (high explosive) mortar rounds, focusing on the properties that influence the fragmentation process of the projectiles, i.e. the material used for the shell and the explosive material. In order to obtain appropriate data to analyse the topic of the work, it was necessary to investigate prepared samples. The research part includes a ballistic examination of the fragmentation of HE projectile shells made of three types of materials and subjected to various parameters of heat treatment during the production process. The obtained results of ballistic fragmentation tests of mortar shells were used for analysis and enabled comparison of fragmentation characteristics between shells made of different materials and subjected to heat treatment processes. The conducted ballistic test analysis provides data that will contribute to further optimization of the projectile shell structure in order to obtain the desired fragmentation effects. Part I presents an overview of selected 120 mm mortar cartridges with high-explosive (HE) shells.","PeriodicalId":506206,"journal":{"name":"PROBLEMY TECHNIKI UZBROJENIA","volume":" 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141675899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
UMOWA PROOBRONNA A FUNKCJONOWANIE ORGANIZACJI PROOBRONNYCH W POLSCE 支持防卫协定》与波兰支持防卫组织的运作
PROBLEMY TECHNIKI UZBROJENIA Pub Date : 2024-01-31 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0054.3023
Marta Adamczewska
{"title":"UMOWA PROOBRONNA A FUNKCJONOWANIE ORGANIZACJI PROOBRONNYCH W POLSCE","authors":"Marta Adamczewska","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0054.3023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.3023","url":null,"abstract":"Przedmiotem artykułu jest realizacja umowy proobronnej przez organizacje pozarządowe. Zrzeszenia realizują działania związane ze zwiększaniem świadomości w zakresie obronności i bezpieczeństwa kraju. Ministerstwo Obrony Narodowej od 2020 roku wprowadziło możliwość zawarcia partnerskiej umowy proobronnej, która pozwala na określenie zadań jakie stoją zarówno przed Ministerstwem Obrony Narodowej, jak i organizacjami proobronnymi. Ustawa o obronie Ojczyzny w 2022 roku zdefiniowała pojęcie organizacji proobronnej tym samym precyzując kierunek rozwoju środowiska. Nie ulega wątpliwości, że takie sformalizowanie współpracy pozwala na podniesienie efektywności realizowanych szkoleń oraz umożliwia rozwój stowarzyszeń i fundacji. W artykule odniesiono się do obowiązujących przepisów prawnych, dokonano charakterystyki organizacji proobronnych oraz przeanalizowano aktualny stan realizacji umów.","PeriodicalId":506206,"journal":{"name":"PROBLEMY TECHNIKI UZBROJENIA","volume":"426 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140472950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
ROLA URZĘDU PREZYDENTA RZECZYPOSPOLITEJ POLSKIEJ W SYSTEMIE BEZPIECZEŃSTWA NARODOWEGO 波兰共和国总统府在国家安全体系中的作用
PROBLEMY TECHNIKI UZBROJENIA Pub Date : 2024-01-31 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0054.2996
Anna MRÓZ-JAGIEŁŁO
{"title":"ROLA URZĘDU PREZYDENTA RZECZYPOSPOLITEJ POLSKIEJ W SYSTEMIE BEZPIECZEŃSTWA NARODOWEGO","authors":"Anna MRÓZ-JAGIEŁŁO","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0054.2996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.2996","url":null,"abstract":"Wprowadzenie do rozważań na przyjęty w artykule temat stanowiły aspekty związane z rozwojem polskiego systemu bezpieczeństwa narodowego. W opinii autorki wywarł on zdecydowany wpływ na kształtowanie się nowej roli i znaczenia urzędu Prezydenta RP w zapewnianiu bezpieczeństwa w państwie. Głównie w aspektach związanych z kierowaniem bezpieczeństwem narodowym. Polska przyjmując w 1997 roku Konstytucję RP rozpoczęła nowy rozdział działalności w obszarze polityki bezpieczeństwa. Główne organy władzy wyposażone zostały w szereg kompetencji mających na celu zapewnienie bezpieczeństwa obywatelom. W artykule dokonano charakterystyki ustrojowych kompetencji Prezydenta oraz tych z zakresu bezpieczeństwa państwa. Na podstawie analizy aktów prawnych oraz literatury ukazana została rola Prezydenta RP w systemie bezpieczeństwa narodowego Polski.","PeriodicalId":506206,"journal":{"name":"PROBLEMY TECHNIKI UZBROJENIA","volume":"66 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140475429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
CZY NOWE ROZWIĄZANIA W ZAKRESIE MAKSYMALNYCH POZAODSETKOWYCH KOSZTÓW KREDYTU WZMOCNIĄ BEZPIECZEŃSTWO FINANSOWE POLAKÓW? 最高无息信贷成本的新解决方案能否加强电杆的财务安全？
PROBLEMY TECHNIKI UZBROJENIA Pub Date : 2024-01-31 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0054.3025
Magdalena Redo
{"title":"CZY NOWE ROZWIĄZANIA W ZAKRESIE MAKSYMALNYCH POZAODSETKOWYCH KOSZTÓW KREDYTU WZMOCNIĄ BEZPIECZEŃSTWO FINANSOWE POLAKÓW?","authors":"Magdalena Redo","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0054.3025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.3025","url":null,"abstract":"Narastający problem pozaodsetkowych kosztów kredytu (PKK) wzmógł w Polsce najpierw wy-buch kryzysu finansowego w 2008 r., a następnie wybuch pandemii covid-19 w 2020 r., w wyniku czego stopy procentowe NBP zostały obniżone do bezprecedensowego poziomu 0,1%. W efekcie także oprocentowanie kredytów musiało ulec znacznej redukcji, dlatego instytucje kredytujące przerzuciły część kosztów lub zarobku ukrytych dotąd w oprocentowaniu do PKK. Przeprowadzona analiza wykazała, że nowowprowadzone zmiany zaostrzające ustawowe limity w zakresie wysokości nakładanych na kredytobiorców w Polsce PKK i pożyczki, które weszły w życie w grudniu 2022 r., najsilniej obniżyły limit PKK w przypadku kredytów konsumenckich poniżej 30 dni. Spośród kredytów na okres powyżej 30 dni limit PKK najbardziej uległ obniżeniu dla kredytów zaciąganych na 16-31 miesięcy. W przypadku kredytów konsumenckich udzielonych na okres 15-60 miesięcy obecne rozwiązanie jest mniej korzystne dla kredytobiorców, niż to wprowadzone przejściowo na czas pandemii covid-19. Analizowana nowelizacja wprowadziła po raz pierwszy ograniczenia w poziomie pozaodsetkowych kosztów w przypadku umowy pożyczki regulowanej kodeksem cywilnym. Co ważne, w większości przypadków limit kosztów pozaodstekowych dla umowy pożyczki jest korzystniejszy (niższy) niż dla kredytu konsumenckiego. Jedynie w sytuacji długu zaciąganego na okres 12-18 miesięcy niższy jest zaostrzony w grudniu 2022 r. limit PKK dla kredytu konsumenckiego, niż nowowprowadzony limit dla umowy pożyczki (kc). Powyższe pozornie korzystne dla kredytobiorców obniżenie limitu PKK sprawia jednak, że udzielanie kredytów i pożyczek stało się w Polsce mniej opłacalne, przez co nastąpi ograniczenie ich dostępności i wypchnięcie części klientów do pożyczania pieniędzy w szarej strefie, zagrażając bezpieczeństwu finansowemu osób o niższej zdolności kredytowej.","PeriodicalId":506206,"journal":{"name":"PROBLEMY TECHNIKI UZBROJENIA","volume":"133 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140475175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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