IIC - International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law最新文献

{"title":"Territoriality and the Quest for a Unitary Copyright Title","authors":"Mireille M. M. van Eechoud","doi":"10.1007/s40319-023-01412-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40319-023-01412-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":505904,"journal":{"name":"IIC - International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law","volume":"61 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139812214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Marrakesh Treaty to Facilitate Access to Published Works for Persons Who Are Blind, Visually Impaired or Otherwise Print Disabled in the European Union: Reflecting on Its Implementation and Gauging Its Impact from a Disability Perspective","authors":"Delia Ferri","doi":"10.1007/s40319-023-01410-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40319-023-01410-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":505904,"journal":{"name":"IIC - International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law","volume":"204 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139827949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Marrakesh Treaty to Facilitate Access to Published Works for Persons Who Are Blind, Visually Impaired or Otherwise Print Disabled in the European Union: Reflecting on Its Implementation and Gauging Its Impact from a Disability Perspective","authors":"Delia Ferri","doi":"10.1007/s40319-023-01410-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40319-023-01410-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":505904,"journal":{"name":"IIC - International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law","volume":"68 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139887931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Territoriality and the Quest for a Unitary Copyright Title","authors":"Mireille M. M. van Eechoud","doi":"10.1007/s40319-023-01412-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40319-023-01412-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":505904,"journal":{"name":"IIC - International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law","volume":"25 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139872088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Copyright Law and the Lifecycle of Machine Learning Models","authors":"Martin Kretschmer, Thomas Margoni, Pinar Oruc","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4670563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4670563","url":null,"abstract":"Machine learning, a subfield of artificial intelligence (AI), relies on large corpora of data as input for learning algorithms, resulting in trained models that can perform a variety of tasks. While data or information are not subject matter within copyright law, almost all materials used to construct corpora for machine learning are protected by copyright law: texts, images, videos, and so on. There are global policy moves to address the copyright implications of machine learning, in particular in the context of so-called “foundation models” that underpin generative AI. This paper takes a step back, exploring empirically three technological settings through detailed case studies. We set out the established industry methodology of a lifecycle of AI (collecting data, organising data, model training, model operation) to arrive at descriptions suitable for legal analysis. This will allow an assessment of the challenges for a harmonisation of rights, exceptions and disclosure under EU copyright law. The three case studies are: 1. Machine learning for scientific purposes, in the context of a study of regional short-term letting markets; 2. Natural Language Processing (NLP), in the context of large language models; 3. Computer vision, in the context of content moderation of images. We find that the nature and quality of data corpora at the input stage is central to the lifecycle of machine learning. Because of the uncertain legal status of data collection and processing, combined with the competitive advantage gained by firms not disclosing technological advances, the inputs of the models deployed are often unknown. Moreover, the “lawful access” requirement of the EU exception for text and data mining may turn the exception into a decision by rightholders to allow machine learning in the context of their decision to allow access. We assess policy interventions at EU level, seeking to clarify the legal status of input data via copyright exceptions, opt-outs or the forced disclosure of copyright materials. We find that the likely result is a fully copyright-licensed environment of machine learning that may have problematic effects for the structure of industry, innovation and scientific research.","PeriodicalId":505904,"journal":{"name":"IIC - International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law","volume":"30 26","pages":"1-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139684107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ReCreating Europe Rethinking Digital Copyright Law for a Culturally Diverse, Accessible, Creative Europe","authors":"C. Sganga","doi":"10.1007/s40319-024-01424-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40319-024-01424-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":505904,"journal":{"name":"IIC - International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law","volume":"25 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139685160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decision Quality and Errors in Content Moderation","authors":"Sebastian Felix Schwemer","doi":"10.1007/s40319-023-01418-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40319-023-01418-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":505904,"journal":{"name":"IIC - International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law","volume":"55 9","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139687586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“RegioJet”","authors":"Arts. 5 6 RegioJet a.s. v. České dráhy a.s. Directive 201410","doi":"10.1007/s40319-024-01423-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40319-024-01423-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":505904,"journal":{"name":"IIC - International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law","volume":"523 1","pages":"339-340"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140479760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EU Digital Legislation as a “Wimmelpicture”? What Children’s Books Can Teach Us About Laws","authors":"Heiko Richter","doi":"10.1007/s40319-023-01421-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40319-023-01421-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":505904,"journal":{"name":"IIC - International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law","volume":"68 ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140487763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“DOBELES HES”","authors":"Art. 107 Regulation No. 14072013 Art. 5 ‘DOBELES HES’ SIA and Sabiedrisko pakalpojumu regu","doi":"10.1007/s40319-024-01422-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40319-024-01422-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":505904,"journal":{"name":"IIC - International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law","volume":"48 9","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139526811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}