Biologics最新文献_第2页

Cytokines and Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Childhood: Study of a Group of Children 细胞因子与儿童期阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停：一组儿童的研究

Biologics Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.3390/biologics4010004

L. Nosetti, Claudio Tirelli, F. Marino, M. Gaiazzi, Lucia Sacchi, Mara De Amici, F. Barocci, R. Maio, M. Cosentino, Luigi Nespoli

{"title":"Cytokines and Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Childhood: Study of a Group of Children","authors":"L. Nosetti, Claudio Tirelli, F. Marino, M. Gaiazzi, Lucia Sacchi, Mara De Amici, F. Barocci, R. Maio, M. Cosentino, Luigi Nespoli","doi":"10.3390/biologics4010004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biologics4010004","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) in children is characterized by repeated episodes of partial or complete obstruction of the upper airways that impair normal ventilation and cause hypoxia and sleep disruption. These episodes activate innate and adaptive immunity resulting in the production of proinflammatory cytokines: IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and reactive oxygen species. The hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPT) axis is also activated with alteration of the circadian rhythm of cortisol synthesis. OSA in children, and even more in adults, induces a systemic inflammatory condition that contributes to the genesis of clinical complications: poor growth, learning disabilities, cardiovascular changes, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome. Methods: A total of 42 non-obese children (age 1–15 years) were enrolled among those sent to our sleep center to perform full polysomnography (PSG). After PSG, 6 children did not show OSA (controls), 20 had mild OSA (m OSA), and 16 had medium-severe OSA (MS OSA). In vitro IL-1β, TNF-α, and serum cortisol levels were measured at 2 and 8 am in the analyzed groups. Results: Cortisol levels did not differ between controls and OSA children. At 2 am, there were no differences between controls and OSA in TNF-α production, whereas at 8 am, TNF-α was reduced in MS-OSA. IL-1β production showed no differences between OSA and controls. Conclusions: In our population, only TNF-α production is suppressed in MS-OSA: this might indicate a role of OSA severity in inducing inflammation. In adults, the phenomenon is more pronounced due to the habitual greater severity/duration of OSA, presence of comorbidities (cardiovascular and metabolic), and different immune system function.","PeriodicalId":505652,"journal":{"name":"Biologics","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139884615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines for the Prevention of Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Patients Living with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Rapid Review 呼吸道合胞病毒疫苗用于预防慢性阻塞性肺病患者的下呼吸道感染：快速回顾

Biologics Pub Date : 2024-01-25 DOI: 10.3390/biologics4010002

Paul M. Boylan, Megan E. Fleischman, Nathan A. Pinner, Joseph Andrew Woods, Adam Welch

{"title":"Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines for the Prevention of Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Patients Living with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Rapid Review","authors":"Paul M. Boylan, Megan E. Fleischman, Nathan A. Pinner, Joseph Andrew Woods, Adam Welch","doi":"10.3390/biologics4010002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biologics4010002","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Patients living with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are at risk for lower respiratory tract infections caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). The first RSV vaccines were approved in 2023 for adults ages 60 years and older. The safety and efficacy of the RSV vaccines and their clinical implications in patients living with COPD, apart from composite comorbidity results, are under-reported. Methods: This rapid review aimed to collect and report data pertaining to RSV vaccine safety and efficacy in patients living with COPD. Resources searched included Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, published peer-reviewed abstracts, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) website. Results: Seven records were included: five research manuscripts and two ongoing clinical trials. Patients living with COPD were included in RSV vaccine clinical trials, but outcomes of RSV vaccine safety and efficacy in patients living with COPD were grossly unreported. Conclusions: Future clinical trials of patients living with COPD and subgroup analyses of patients living with COPD within existing studies evaluating RSV vaccine safety and efficacy are necessary to substantiate outcomes in this population.","PeriodicalId":505652,"journal":{"name":"Biologics","volume":"21 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139598372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Recent Advances in Arboviral Vaccines: Emerging Platforms and Promising Innovations Arboviral 疫苗的最新进展：新兴平台和前景广阔的创新

Biologics Pub Date : 2023-12-22 DOI: 10.3390/biologics4010001

S. Pujhari

{"title":"Recent Advances in Arboviral Vaccines: Emerging Platforms and Promising Innovations","authors":"S. Pujhari","doi":"10.3390/biologics4010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biologics4010001","url":null,"abstract":"Arboviruses are a group of viruses that are transmitted by arthropods, such as mosquitoes, and cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Currently, there are only a few options, with restricted use, for effective vaccines against these viruses. However, recent advances in arboviral vaccine development have shown promising innovations that have potential in preclinical and clinical studies. Insect-specific viruses have been explored as a novel vaccine platform that can induce cross-protective immunity against related arboviruses. Nanoparticle-based vaccines have also been developed to enhance the immunogenicity and stability of viral antigens. Additionally, vaccines against mosquito salivary proteins that can modulate the host immune response and interfere with arboviral transmission are being explored. Synonymous recoding, such as random codon shuffling, codon deoptimization, and codon-pair deoptimization, is being investigated as a strategy to attenuate the replication of arboviruses in vertebrate cells, reducing the risk of reverting to wild-type virulence. Finally, mRNA vaccines have been developed to rapidly generate and express viral antigens in the host cells, eliciting robust and durable immune responses. The challenges and opportunities for arboviral vaccine development are outlined, and future directions for research and innovation are discussed.","PeriodicalId":505652,"journal":{"name":"Biologics","volume":"33 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139165082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Targeting Hyaluronan Synthesis in Cancer: A Road Less Travelled 针对癌症中的透明质酸合成：少有人走的路

Biologics Pub Date : 2023-12-12 DOI: 10.3390/biologics3040022

Theodoros Karalis

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Advances in Escherichia coli-Based Therapeutic Protein Expression: Mammalian Conversion, Continuous Manufacturing, and Cell-Free Production 基于大肠杆菌的治疗性蛋白质表达的进展：哺乳动物转化、连续生产和无细胞生产

Biologics Pub Date : 2023-11-29 DOI: 10.3390/biologics3040021

Sarfaraz K. Niazi, Matthias Magoola

引用次数: 0

mRNA and Synthesis-Based Therapeutic Proteins: A Non-Recombinant Affordable Option 基于 mRNA 和合成的治疗蛋白质：经济实惠的非重组选择

Biologics Pub Date : 2023-11-15 DOI: 10.3390/biologics3040020

Sarfaraz K. Niazi, Matthias Magoola

引用次数: 0