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A series-fed low sidelobe antenna for 24-GHz automotive radar 一种用于24ghz汽车雷达的串联馈电低旁瓣天线
IF 0.8 4区 工程技术
Electromagnetics Pub Date : 2023-02-17 DOI: 10.1080/02726343.2023.2192091
Wenbo Li, Bin Wang, Xue Tian
{"title":"A series-fed low sidelobe antenna for 24-GHz automotive radar","authors":"Wenbo Li, Bin Wang, Xue Tian","doi":"10.1080/02726343.2023.2192091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02726343.2023.2192091","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this paper, a series-fed microstrip antenna array with low sidelobe is presented for 24-GHz automotive radar. Chebyshev distribution is realized by different widths of a quarter-guided wavelength (λ g /4) feedline between adjacent antenna elements, achieving a low sidelobe level (SLL). A 1 × 8 antenna array is designed with the SLL of −23.1 dB at 24.125 GHz, which is extended to 2 × 8 and 8 × 8 planar arrays to improve array gain. The measured gain of 2 × 8 and 8 × 8 planar arrays is 17.3 dBi with an SLL of −23.6 dB and 22.1 dBi with an SLL of −24.7 dB at 24.125 GHz, respectively. In summary, the two antennas have excellent performance in the 24 GHz ISM band with the characteristics of good performance, simple structure, and easy integration, which can be applied to 24-GHz automotive radar.","PeriodicalId":50542,"journal":{"name":"Electromagnetics","volume":"43 1","pages":"73 - 89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46774794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Ionospheric delay estimation of Loran skywave using simple cosine model 基于简单余弦模型的罗兰天波电离层延迟估计
IF 0.8 4区 工程技术
Electromagnetics Pub Date : 2023-02-17 DOI: 10.1080/02726343.2023.2192092
Kai Zhang, Fan Yang, Weidong Wang, Chen Zheng, Borong Zou, Hui Li
{"title":"Ionospheric delay estimation of Loran skywave using simple cosine model","authors":"Kai Zhang, Fan Yang, Weidong Wang, Chen Zheng, Borong Zou, Hui Li","doi":"10.1080/02726343.2023.2192092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02726343.2023.2192092","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Ionospheric delay is the most significant source of error affecting the Loran skywave timing. To improve timing service, we propose a new ionospheric delay estimation method in this paper. It is a cosine model that combines the ionospheric physical characteristics and skywave delay variation law. This semi-empirical and semi-measured model has characteristics of accuracy and simplicity compared with the traditional method. The experimental results show that estimation error of the model is less than 1 µs for a single day and less than 2 µs for 3 days in the stable time. It is sufficient to correct more than 90% of delay when skywave passes through the ionosphere and is less affected by the season. This paper also gives some suggestions on the propagation of ionospheric coefficients required for the model. It allows broadcasting only by modifying the data channel message structure under the normal operation of Loran system.","PeriodicalId":50542,"journal":{"name":"Electromagnetics","volume":"43 1","pages":"90 - 105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47274884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A novel dual-polarized gain-enhanced microstrip patch antenna 一种新型双极化增益增强微带贴片天线
IF 0.8 4区 工程技术
Electromagnetics Pub Date : 2023-02-17 DOI: 10.1080/02726343.2023.2192104
Long Jin, Zhibin He, Jiuyang Xiao, Yao Sun, Yangmiao Lin, Ruohan Zhang
{"title":"A novel dual-polarized gain-enhanced microstrip patch antenna","authors":"Long Jin, Zhibin He, Jiuyang Xiao, Yao Sun, Yangmiao Lin, Ruohan Zhang","doi":"10.1080/02726343.2023.2192104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02726343.2023.2192104","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A broadside direction gain-enhanced low-cost dual-polarized microstrip patch antenna has been presented. The proposed antenna consists of a slot-loaded cross-shaped patch and shorting pins. The orthogonal polarized radiating elements works in TM05 and TM12, meanwhile slot-loaded excite TM01. The equivalent magnetic currents (EMCs) amplitude, frequency, and flow direction of the TM12 are controlled by shorting pins to form the broadside gain enhancement. The superposition of them can enhance the gain in the broadside direction. The proposed antenna is coaxial feed. The substrate is divided into two layers: air and FR4. A copper column is added to the air layer to greatly improve the polarized isolation of the antenna. The size of the proposed antenna is 2.29λ 0×2.29λ 0×0.069λ 0 (λ 0 is the wavelength of free space at the central frequency). The simulated maximum realized gain is 12.59 dB, and the realized gain is better than 11.53 dB in operating band. The measured maximum realized gain is 12.05 dB, and the realized gain is better than 10.04 dB. The dual-polarized microstrip patch antenna has the advantages of low cost and high gain, which can be used in the modern wireless communication system.","PeriodicalId":50542,"journal":{"name":"Electromagnetics","volume":"43 1","pages":"137 - 150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48561161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Research on frequency reconfigurable bowtie antenna loaded with triangular shaped fractal parasitic elements 加载三角形分形寄生元件的频率可重构领结天线研究
IF 0.8 4区 工程技术
Electromagnetics Pub Date : 2023-02-17 DOI: 10.1080/02726343.2023.2192103
Xiaoqiao Deng, Yuanjiang Li, Xiaolong Li, Lin Bao, Yubo Tian
{"title":"Research on frequency reconfigurable bowtie antenna loaded with triangular shaped fractal parasitic elements","authors":"Xiaoqiao Deng, Yuanjiang Li, Xiaolong Li, Lin Bao, Yubo Tian","doi":"10.1080/02726343.2023.2192103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02726343.2023.2192103","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The bowtie antenna loaded with triangular-shaped fractal parasitic elements (TSFPE) is a kind of novel dual-band antenna with excellent performance and unique advantages. If it can achieve frequency reconfiguration by loading RF switches, its application will be further expanded. This paper attempts to load the RF switch onto the novel antenna. It is found in the research that the TSFPE performance is seriously deteriorated after loading the RF switch due to the discontinuous effect of RF switch loading. Therefore, a trapezoidal patch compensation loading scheme is proposed to ensure the performance of TSFPE. Through trapezoidal patch loading, S11 of TSFPE can be effectively improved, and its gain can be increased by 1.6 dB. The simulation and measurement results show that the designed frequency reconfigurable antenna has good performance in X/Ku/ka bands. The idea and method of compensation design after switch loading can be further popularized and applied.","PeriodicalId":50542,"journal":{"name":"Electromagnetics","volume":"43 1","pages":"129 - 136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42817277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
UWB full polarization single-plane monopulse reflector antenna 超宽带全极化单平面单脉冲反射天线
IF 0.8 4区 工程技术
Electromagnetics Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/02726343.2023.2177373
F. Ghiasvand
{"title":"UWB full polarization single-plane monopulse reflector antenna","authors":"F. Ghiasvand","doi":"10.1080/02726343.2023.2177373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02726343.2023.2177373","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT UWB dual polarization azimuth plane monopulse feed-reflector antenna is presented. Quadridge ‎open ended waveguide working in frequency range from 6 to 12 GHz is proposed as feed for Cassegrain ‎reflector. The feed phase center distance is 0.65 and 1.3 at lowest and highest operating ‎frequency respectively. Sum (Σ) and Diff (Δ) radiation pattern of the feed array are measured in ‎anechoic chamber using same electrical length coaxial cable and 180°Coupler. The results are in good ‎agreement (vertical and horizontal polarizations) with numerical simulation especially for the main ‎beam. To enhance gain value, 50 cm reflector antenna has been used. A proper crossover is achieved ‎by controlling F/D ratio of the equivalent reflector. A compact Cassegrain reflector compatible to feed ‎array is designed and fabricated. The radiation characteristics measurements of the feed-reflector ‎system have been performed using outdoor measurement setup. By ignoring coupler insertion loss, ‎Sum (Diff) gain range is between 24.8 (17) dBi at 6 GHz and 31.7 (29.5) dBi at 12 GHz. Cross pol and null ‎depth better than −31.5 and −24 have been obtained. ‎","PeriodicalId":50542,"journal":{"name":"Electromagnetics","volume":"43 1","pages":"1 - 13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46439615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Ultra-wideband circularly polarized millimeter wave antenna based on adjacent coupled feed 基于相邻耦合馈电的超宽带圆极化毫米波天线
IF 0.8 4区 工程技术
Electromagnetics Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/02726343.2023.2177390
Shuqi Wang, Haonan Zhang, Zexi Li
{"title":"Ultra-wideband circularly polarized millimeter wave antenna based on adjacent coupled feed","authors":"Shuqi Wang, Haonan Zhang, Zexi Li","doi":"10.1080/02726343.2023.2177390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02726343.2023.2177390","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In order to improve the performance of 5 G Millimeter wave, a new gap-coupled fed ultra-wideband circularly polarized antenna is proposed. Firstly, by fabricating the top structure of the slot antenna ，a C-shaped patch structure can adjust the surface transverse current as well as the longitudinal current to generate circularly polarized waves; then the feed structure at the bottom layer of the antenna is designed and resonance is generated with the top layer of the antenna to expand bandwidth. From the simulation and the measurement results can know that the −10 dB impedance bandwidth of the antenna is 19.21 GHz−45.50 GHz (81.25%); the 3 dB circularly polarized axial ratio (AR) bandwidth is 20.59 GHz−38.33 GHz (60.2%), with ultra-broadband circular polarization performance. The designed antenna has a simple structure, small size, low profile and wide working bandwidth, which can fully include N257, N258 and N261 bands, and has a good application prospect in 5 G communication.","PeriodicalId":50542,"journal":{"name":"Electromagnetics","volume":"43 1","pages":"48 - 62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48620309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An efficient method for analysis of electromagnetic scattering from a 3-D coated object half-buried in PEC rough surface 一种分析半埋在PEC粗糙表面中的三维涂层物体电磁散射的有效方法
IF 0.8 4区 工程技术
Electromagnetics Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/02726343.2023.2177393
Hongjie He, Ya Zhang, Ke-Yun Li
{"title":"An efficient method for analysis of electromagnetic scattering from a 3-D coated object half-buried in PEC rough surface","authors":"Hongjie He, Ya Zhang, Ke-Yun Li","doi":"10.1080/02726343.2023.2177393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02726343.2023.2177393","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT To accurately simulate the electromagnetic scattering from a three-dimensional (3-D) coated object half-buried in perfectly electrically conductor (PEC) rough surface, an efficient method combining the 3-D vector finite element method-boundary integral method (FEM-BIM) with fast multipole method (FMM) is proposed in this paper. FEM is used to model the coated object and the multiple interactions between the half-buried object and rough surface are handled by FMM-enhanced BIM. According to the characteristics of the FEM-BIM matrix equations, a hybrid solver is adopted to solve the matrix equations. In addition, OpenMP parallel acceleration technique is used in the numerical code to accelerate the intensive computations of the prediction process. The accuracy and efficiency of our numerical code are validated by multilevel fast multipole method (MLFMM) in FEKO for both TE and TM polarizations.","PeriodicalId":50542,"journal":{"name":"Electromagnetics","volume":"43 1","pages":"14 - 23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48316798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A novel gain enhanced Vivaldi antenna for a breast phantom measurement system 一种用于乳腺体模测量系统的新型增益增强Vivaldi天线
IF 0.8 4区 工程技术
Electromagnetics Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/02726343.2023.2177394
Hüseyin Özmen, M. B. Kurt
{"title":"A novel gain enhanced Vivaldi antenna for a breast phantom measurement system","authors":"Hüseyin Özmen, M. B. Kurt","doi":"10.1080/02726343.2023.2177394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02726343.2023.2177394","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this study, a breast phantom measurement system based on radar-based microwave imaging technique is proposed. For this purpose, a small-size Vivaldi antenna with high gain and ultra-wide band is designed. The antenna bandwidth is in the range of 3–10.6 GHz, and the maximum realized gain is 8.5 dB. The size of the antenna is 36 × 36 mm2, and FR4 was used as dielectric material. Bandwidth and gain are increased by using edge slots. After the antenna hardware had been manufactured with PCB printed circuit technology, a mechanism was developed to measure breast phantom. After the measurement process is completed, a computer program converts the collected signals into images. For the testing of the system, canola oil was used as a phantom and the object in the oil was successfully imaged.","PeriodicalId":50542,"journal":{"name":"Electromagnetics","volume":"43 1","pages":"24 - 36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41360285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Low frequency scattering simulation of homogeneous objects in layered medium by Muller formed SIE 用Muller形成的SIE模拟层状介质中均匀物体的低频散射
IF 0.8 4区 工程技术
Electromagnetics Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/02726343.2023.2177391
Yi Ren, Jianmei Zhou
{"title":"Low frequency scattering simulation of homogeneous objects in layered medium by Muller formed SIE","authors":"Yi Ren, Jianmei Zhou","doi":"10.1080/02726343.2023.2177391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02726343.2023.2177391","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper presents a novel approach to accurately simulate the low frequency electromagnetic scattering of a homogeneous dielectric object in layered medium. The N-Muller surface integral equation (SIE) is utilized for accurate electromagnetic modeling at low frequency with a properly designed coefficient to cancel frequency singularity. Matrix-friendly layered medium Green’s functions are adopted and integrated into SIE to account for the effects of the inhomogeneous background. By using Galerkin method and rooftop basis functions, a well-conditioned impedance matrix is obtained and a rapidly converging iterative solution is achieved for low frequencies. Numerical results are provided to validate the proposed method and investigate its properties.","PeriodicalId":50542,"journal":{"name":"Electromagnetics","volume":"43 1","pages":"63 - 71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47065412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Multibeam half radial line slot array (RLSA) antennas 多波束半径向线槽阵列(RLSA)天线
IF 0.8 4区 工程技术
Electromagnetics Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/02726343.2023.2177388
T. Purnamirza, Ranggi Rian Syaputra, J. M. Shardarbekovich, Imran Mohd Ibrahim, K. A. Batyrbekovich, M. Mulyono, Depriwana Rahmi, Halim Mudia
{"title":"Multibeam half radial line slot array (RLSA) antennas","authors":"T. Purnamirza, Ranggi Rian Syaputra, J. M. Shardarbekovich, Imran Mohd Ibrahim, K. A. Batyrbekovich, M. Mulyono, Depriwana Rahmi, Halim Mudia","doi":"10.1080/02726343.2023.2177388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02726343.2023.2177388","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT An original design of a multibeam Radial Line Slot Array (RLSA) antenna having two beams directed to the broadside and two beams directed to the backside is discussed in this research. The uniqueness of this design is the implementation of multibeam as a half-cut RLSA instead of a full-circle RLSA, which aims to make them more suitable for smaller devices. In order to produce a beam to the backside, the slots were placed on the backside ground plane. Furthermore, the use of the half-circle RLSA and the backside ground plane to generate the beam disrupted the power flow within the antenna’s cavity, which caused a problem of center frequency shift. A frequency design shift technique is then proposed to overcome this problem in this research with the modeling and simulation of 120 four-beams half RLSA in order to determine the most efficient model to be fabricated. The measurements carried out to verify the accuracy of the fabricated model were in good agreement with the simulation results and proved the validity of the antenna design. The result shows the possibility and effectiveness of designing four symmetrical beam antennas with gain of 8.1 dBi, directions of 60°, 150°, 210°, and 330°, and beamwidth of 22°. The gain of 8.1 dBi is 9 dB less than the gain of a single beam antenna, which is consistent with the theory of beam splitting. Moreover, the antenna offers low reflection and broad bandwidth for Wi-Fi needs.","PeriodicalId":50542,"journal":{"name":"Electromagnetics","volume":"43 1","pages":"37 - 47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41669902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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