ACM Journal on Computing and Sustainable Societies最新文献

{"title":"Mapping Opium Poppy Cultivation: Socioeconomic Insights from Satellite Imagery","authors":"Arogya Koirala, Suraj R Nair, Xiao Hui Tai","doi":"10.1145/3648435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3648435","url":null,"abstract":"Over 30 million people globally consume illicit opiates. In recent decades, Afghanistan has accounted for 70-90% of the world’s illicit supply of opium. This production provides livelihoods to millions of Afghans, while also funneling hundreds of millions of dollars to insurgent groups every year, exacerbating corruption and insecurity, and impeding development. Remote sensing and field surveys are currently used in official estimates of total poppy cultivation area. These aggregate estimates are not suited to study the local socioeconomic conditions surrounding cultivation. Few avenues exist to generate comprehensive, fine-grained data under poor security conditions, without the use of costly surveys or data collection efforts. Here we develop and test a new unsupervised approach to mapping cultivation using only freely available satellite imagery. For districts accounting for over 90% of total cultivation, our aggregate estimates track official statistics closely (correlation coefficient of 0.76 to 0.81). We combine these predictions with other grid-level data sources, finding that areas with poppy cultivation have poorer outcomes such as infant mortality and education, compared to areas with exclusively other agriculture. Surprisingly, poppy-growing areas have better healthcare accessibility. We discuss these findings, the limitations of mapping opium poppy cultivation, and associated ethical concerns.","PeriodicalId":505364,"journal":{"name":"ACM Journal on Computing and Sustainable Societies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139961465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RFDrive: Tagged Human-Vehicle Interaction for All","authors":"Wei Sun, K. Srinivasan","doi":"10.1145/3648533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3648533","url":null,"abstract":"Human-vehicle interaction is important for safe driving. The driver needs to interact with the in-vehicle steering wheel and infotainment system properly during driving. Specifically, the driving guidelines require the driver to hold the steering wheel from 3-9 o’clock. Moreover, the in-vehicle infotainment system should be more adaptive for the driver and front-seat passenger during driving (i.e., the in-vehicle infotainment system should be part and even fully disabled for the driver, while the front-seat passenger should enjoy the full in-vehicle infotainment system). However, affordable vehicles are usually designed to achieve basic driving functions without considering the safe human-vehicle interactions, which require an add-on, affordable, and ready-to-use human-vehicle interaction monitoring system.\u0000 In this paper, we present RFDrive, a system that can simultaneously localize the driver’s hand position on the steering wheel and automate in-vehicle infotainment system touch discrimination for safe driving, using commodity passive RFID tags. Since these commodity passive RFID tags are low-cost (i.e., around 5 cents per tag), battery-free, and small form factor like a sticker, our design will enable not only safe driving but also a sustainable society for all drivers, especially drivers with affordable vehicles. To do so, we attach RFID tags on the steering wheel for driver’s hand position localization and attach RFID tags on the roof of the vehicle’s interior for in-vehicle infotainment system touch discrimination (i.e., differentiating driver’s infotainment system touch and front-seat passenger’s infotainment system touch). However, the wheel steering will distort the wireless channel-based driver’s hand position localization on the steering wheel. So, we propose a novel tag ID-based algorithm to localize the driver’s hand position on the steering wheel by harnessing the human body as part of the RFID tag’s antenna. Since the in-vehicle infotainment system touch from the driver or front-seat passenger will affect different RFID tags attached to the roof of the vehicle’s interior, we propose to use the differential amplitude of backscattered signals from all the tags to discriminate in-vehicle infotainment system touch sources. Our experiments show that RFDrive can achieve the average accuracy of 0.98 and 0.98 for in-vehicle touch source discrimination and driver’s hands’ position localization respectively.","PeriodicalId":505364,"journal":{"name":"ACM Journal on Computing and Sustainable Societies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139776363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RFDrive: Tagged Human-Vehicle Interaction for All","authors":"Wei Sun, K. Srinivasan","doi":"10.1145/3648533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3648533","url":null,"abstract":"Human-vehicle interaction is important for safe driving. The driver needs to interact with the in-vehicle steering wheel and infotainment system properly during driving. Specifically, the driving guidelines require the driver to hold the steering wheel from 3-9 o’clock. Moreover, the in-vehicle infotainment system should be more adaptive for the driver and front-seat passenger during driving (i.e., the in-vehicle infotainment system should be part and even fully disabled for the driver, while the front-seat passenger should enjoy the full in-vehicle infotainment system). However, affordable vehicles are usually designed to achieve basic driving functions without considering the safe human-vehicle interactions, which require an add-on, affordable, and ready-to-use human-vehicle interaction monitoring system.\u0000 In this paper, we present RFDrive, a system that can simultaneously localize the driver’s hand position on the steering wheel and automate in-vehicle infotainment system touch discrimination for safe driving, using commodity passive RFID tags. Since these commodity passive RFID tags are low-cost (i.e., around 5 cents per tag), battery-free, and small form factor like a sticker, our design will enable not only safe driving but also a sustainable society for all drivers, especially drivers with affordable vehicles. To do so, we attach RFID tags on the steering wheel for driver’s hand position localization and attach RFID tags on the roof of the vehicle’s interior for in-vehicle infotainment system touch discrimination (i.e., differentiating driver’s infotainment system touch and front-seat passenger’s infotainment system touch). However, the wheel steering will distort the wireless channel-based driver’s hand position localization on the steering wheel. So, we propose a novel tag ID-based algorithm to localize the driver’s hand position on the steering wheel by harnessing the human body as part of the RFID tag’s antenna. Since the in-vehicle infotainment system touch from the driver or front-seat passenger will affect different RFID tags attached to the roof of the vehicle’s interior, we propose to use the differential amplitude of backscattered signals from all the tags to discriminate in-vehicle infotainment system touch sources. Our experiments show that RFDrive can achieve the average accuracy of 0.98 and 0.98 for in-vehicle touch source discrimination and driver’s hands’ position localization respectively.","PeriodicalId":505364,"journal":{"name":"ACM Journal on Computing and Sustainable Societies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139835928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding Driving Stress in Urban Bangladesh: An Exploratory Study, Wearable Development and Experiment","authors":"Rahat Jahangir Rony, Md. Sabbir Ahmed, S. Sarcar, Nova Ahmed","doi":"10.1145/3648434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3648434","url":null,"abstract":"Driving stress significantly impacts driving behavior primarily from roadside factors, where driving is more challenging in developing countries (i.e., Bangladesh) for unique cultural and infrastructural setups. We conduct an exploratory study (Qualitative n=26, and Subjective Feedback n= 80) and a correlational analysis involving professional and private car drivers in urban Bangladesh. The study reveals drivers' demography and driving stress factors on the road. These findings motivate us to identify driving stress from physiological factors by developing a low-cost wearable, Stress Wear. This can detect stress from varying Heart Rates, validated by expensive commercial wearables. Between subject experiments on drivers (total n=14 in two phases) with wearables, we also found that road factors are responsible for driving stress. Therefore, the developed system is helpful for these drivers to self-sensing their stress.","PeriodicalId":505364,"journal":{"name":"ACM Journal on Computing and Sustainable Societies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139839205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding Driving Stress in Urban Bangladesh: An Exploratory Study, Wearable Development and Experiment","authors":"Rahat Jahangir Rony, Md. Sabbir Ahmed, S. Sarcar, Nova Ahmed","doi":"10.1145/3648434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3648434","url":null,"abstract":"Driving stress significantly impacts driving behavior primarily from roadside factors, where driving is more challenging in developing countries (i.e., Bangladesh) for unique cultural and infrastructural setups. We conduct an exploratory study (Qualitative n=26, and Subjective Feedback n= 80) and a correlational analysis involving professional and private car drivers in urban Bangladesh. The study reveals drivers' demography and driving stress factors on the road. These findings motivate us to identify driving stress from physiological factors by developing a low-cost wearable, Stress Wear. This can detect stress from varying Heart Rates, validated by expensive commercial wearables. Between subject experiments on drivers (total n=14 in two phases) with wearables, we also found that road factors are responsible for driving stress. Therefore, the developed system is helpful for these drivers to self-sensing their stress.","PeriodicalId":505364,"journal":{"name":"ACM Journal on Computing and Sustainable Societies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139779356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the Influence and Political Leaning of Overlap between Propaganda Communities","authors":"Anirban Sen, Soumyasis Gun, Soham De, Joyojeet Pal","doi":"10.1145/3640790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3640790","url":null,"abstract":"Social media offers increasingly diverse mechanisms for the distribution of motivated information, with multiple propaganda communities exhibiting overlaps with respect to user, content, and network characteristics. This has particularly been an issue in the Global South, where recent work has shown various forms of strife related to polarizing speech online. It has also emerged that propagandist information, including fringe positions on issues, can find its way into the mainstream when sufficiently reinforced in tone and frequency, some of which often requires sophisticated organizing and information manipulation. In this study, we analyze the overlap between three events with varying degrees of propagandist messaging by analyzing the content and network characteristics of users leading to overlap between their users and discourse. We find that a significant fraction of users leading to overlap between the three event communities are influential in information spread across the three event networks, and political leaning is one of the factors that helps explain what brings the communities together. Our work sheds light on the importance of network characteristics of users, which can prove to be instrumental in establishing the role of political leaning on overlap between multiple propaganda communities.","PeriodicalId":505364,"journal":{"name":"ACM Journal on Computing and Sustainable Societies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139527416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Augmented-Reality Waste Accumulation Visualizations","authors":"Ambre Assor, Arnaud Prouzeau, Pierre Dragicevic, Martin Hachet","doi":"10.1145/3636970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3636970","url":null,"abstract":"The negative impact humans have on the environment is partly caused by thoughtless consumption leading to unnecessary waste. A likely contributing factor is the relative invisibility of waste: waste produced by individuals is either out of their sight or quickly taken away. Nevertheless, waste disposal systems sometimes break down, creating natural information displays of waste production that can have educational value. We take inspiration from such natural displays and introduce a class of situated visualizations we call augmented-reality waste accumulation visualizations or ARwavs, which are literal representations of waste data embedded in users’ familiar environment. We implemented examples of ARwavs and demonstrated them in feedback sessions with experts in pro-environmental behavior, and during a large tech exhibition event. We discuss general design considerations for ARwavs. Finally, we conducted a study with 20 participants suggesting that ARwavs yield stronger emotional responses than non-immersive waste accumulation visualizations and plain numbers.","PeriodicalId":505364,"journal":{"name":"ACM Journal on Computing and Sustainable Societies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139530795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}