Emu-Austral Ornithology最新文献

{"title":"Nest predation in Patagonian wetlands: predator assemblage and microhabitat characteristics","authors":"M. S. Vazquez, G. Amico","doi":"10.1080/01584197.2022.2153700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01584197.2022.2153700","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Multiple factors influence predation risk, ranging from habitat conditions to the composition and behaviour of predators. Although these factors are well documented for forest ecosystems, there is little evidence for wetlands, especially within Patagonia. Using artificial nests and camera traps, we documented the nest predation rates and predator assemblage of birds nesting in wetlands of the Patagonian steppe. We also determined the effect of vegetation cover on nest survival and studied the variation in predator groups according to nest placement: nests located in an open wetland, peripheral grassland to the wetland, and nests located in shrubs at different heights. We found 84% of nests failed, counting birds, mice, and armadillos as the main predators. Vegetation cover affected predation events of birds and small mammals, but not those of larger mammals. In turn, small mammals preyed on nests exclusively located in peripheral grassland, medium mammals preferred nests placed in open wetlands, and predation by birds was irrespective of open wetlands and grassland. We also found differences in nest predator assemblage between nests placed on the ground and in shrubs, with birds being the main predators of nests located above ground. These results can be attributed to differential habitat use and movement patterns specific to each predator group. Therefore, the identity, density, and behaviour of predators should be taken into account when planning conservation strategies for birds breeding in wetlands.","PeriodicalId":50532,"journal":{"name":"Emu-Austral Ornithology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90554766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High nest survival, but variable reproductive output in the Superb Parrot (Polytelis swainsonii)","authors":"M. Cobden, D. Stojanović, L. Rayner, R. Heinsohn, A. Manning","doi":"10.1080/01584197.2022.2153257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01584197.2022.2153257","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Quantifying the reproductive output of species is fundamental in understanding population dynamics, life history, and in conservation management. The use of multiple metrics to quantify reproductive variation allows for a clear interpretation of the species’ breeding biology and is often needed for robust models of population trajectory. Using measures of nest survival, clutch size, brood size, and nestling body condition we quantified reproductive output and annual variation of the Superb Parrot Polytelis swainsonii over 5 years in Canberra, Australia. We found consistent nest survival probability, maintained at over 89% throughout the nesting period in all years of study, but variation in all other metrics. Clutch sizes of Superb Parrots varied annually, and we found seasonal declines in both clutch and brood sizes. Furthermore, nestling body condition also varied annually and by order in which hatching occurred. The annual breeding performance of this bird has implications for conservation assessment and provides critical baseline data. Continuing to address critical knowledge gaps in Superb Parrot ecology and biology should be prioritised to better inform management and resolve the uncertainty that remains in the species’ conservation status.","PeriodicalId":50532,"journal":{"name":"Emu-Austral Ornithology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89963107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Population assessment of White-capped Albatrosses Thalassarche steadi in New Zealand","authors":"G. Baker, K. Jensz, R. Cunningham, G. Robertson, P. Sagar, D. Thompson, M. Double","doi":"10.1080/01584197.2022.2161915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01584197.2022.2161915","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT White-capped Albatrosses Thalassarche steadi breed only on New Zealand’s sub-Antarctic islands, principally the Auckland Islands. The species is commonly caught as bycatch in global longline and trawl fisheries, and it has been estimated that 8 000 birds are killed each year. In December or January between 2006 and 2017 we undertook annual population censuses of the White-capped Albatrosses breeding at the Auckland Islands using aerial photography. Estimated annual counts for the three breeding sites were adjusted using estimates of the proportion of birds clearly not associated with an active nest (loafers), to estimate annual breeding pairs for each breeding season. The estimated mean number of annual breeding pairs in the Auckland Islands during this period was 89 846 with high inter-annual variability (range: 74 031–116 025). Over the 12 years of the study adjusted counts for all sites combined showed a negative linear trend but this relationship was not statistically significant. Similar analyses using TRIM classified the population as ‘stable’. Given the estimated number of annual breeding pairs and the high frequency of biennial breeding it is likely that fisheries bycatch, if it has been estimated accurately, is impacting this population. Continuation of annual monitoring is recommended to increase the precision of the estimated population trend and help determine if the high levels of bycatch across multiple fisheries are sustainable in the long term.","PeriodicalId":50532,"journal":{"name":"Emu-Austral Ornithology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85642169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unsustainable exploitation of wild birds in Wallacea – An uncertain road for conservation emerging from the pandemic","authors":"B. Siregar, Ferry Hasudungan, Vincentia Widyasari, Jafet Potenzo Lopes, Colin R. Trainor, Anuj Jain, D. Yong","doi":"10.1080/01584197.2022.2163664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01584197.2022.2163664","url":null,"abstract":"Wallacea, comprising the archipelagos of Sulawesi, the Lesser Sundas, and Maluku, is an engine of bird species diversification (McCullough et al. 2022), supporting high levels of endemism, and clearly an important region for bird conservation globally (Monk et al. 1997; Burung Indonesia 2014). Wallacea’s charismatic flagships include the Maleo Macrocephalon maleo, Standardwing Semioptera wallacii, and an array of Australasian taxa such as parrots, pigeons, and honeyeaters – the region holds more than 130 Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas or IBAs (Trainor et al. 2007; BirdLife International 2022). Disconcertingly, Wallacea’s birdlife is imperilled by a myriad of pressures, including high rates of habitat loss and unsustainable exploitation of its biodiversity (Lambert 1993; Trainor et al. 2007; Burung Indonesia 2014), whilst frequently slipping through the radar of conservationists. These threats were amplified during the COVID-19 pandemic while efforts to protect Wallacea’s avian biodiversity has correspondingly weakened. Arguably the most insidious threat to Wallacea’s birdlife is the unsustainable harvest of wild birds for the pet trade, of which parrots form the majority (Lambert 1993; Monk et al. 1997; Burung Indonesia 2014; Pires et al. 2021). Wallacean parrots are among the most threatened globally (Olah et al. 2018; Hruby 2022) and a high priority for conservation. Parrots are also the second most trafficked group of birds in Indonesia after songbirds (Indraswari et al. 2020). In one major seizure by Indonesian authorities in Wallacea in 2018, parrots comprised the vast majority of birds taken (96% of 1,177 individuals including the White Cockatoo Cacatua alba) (Setiyani and Ahmadi 2020). While the songbird trade in Java and Bali is driving the declines of many species, it affects few songbirds with Wallacean origins (Chng et al. 2015; TRAFFIC 2019; Nijman et al. 2021). In fact, only four of 68 songbird species or subspecies identified by the IUCN as priority taxa impacted by the songbird trade in Indonesia were Wallacean endemics (ASTSG 2022). Demand for parrots in the pet bird trade nationally and internationally has driven declines of many species (Figure 1(a,b). For example, Yellow-crested Cockatoo C. sulphurea populations in Komodo National Park declined by 60% between 2000 and 2005 (Imansyah et al. 2016) and has been extirpated from three islands and 68 sites since 1950, with most losses between 1985 and 2000 (Reuleaux et al. 2022). In North Sulawesi, heavy trapping for the trade decimated populations of the Red-and-blue Lory Eos histrio challengeri (locally ‘Nuri Talaud’) from several thousands to 700 individuals by the early 1990s (Batiran and Fisher 2020). A 2012 study by the conservation group Burung Indonesia identified 180 poachers and 20 collectors (including middleman smugglers and buyers) in North Maluku, mostly targeting parrots such as the Chattering Lory Lorius garrulus (Wijayanto 2015) while Siregar and Hasudungan (2","PeriodicalId":50532,"journal":{"name":"Emu-Austral Ornithology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90064151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological validation of the use of faecal glucocorticoid metabolites as a measure of stress in a passerine and a columbid from southern Africa","authors":"C. A. Ngcamphalala, S. Nicolson, A. Ganswindt, A. McKechnie","doi":"10.1080/01584197.2022.2158476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01584197.2022.2158476","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Faecal glucocorticoid metabolite (fGCM) analysis provides a non-invasive, feedback-free approach for monitoring adrenocortical responses to natural and anthropogenic stressors. The use of enzyme-immunoassays (EIAs) to quantify immunoreactive fGCMs has gained popularity in recent years but requires species-specific validation prior to first use. We conducted a pharmacological challenge with adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) to determine whether changes in circulating glucocorticoids are reflected in fGCM, concentrations and therefore to validate excreta as a matrix for monitoring endocrine status in a southern African passerine, the White-browed Sparrow-weaver (Plocepasser mahali) and a columbid, the Laughing Dove (Spilopelia capensis). We tested the suitability of four EIAs to quantify fGCMs in 10 individuals of each species. Two of the EIAs, tetrahydrocorticosterone and 11-Oxoetiocholanolone II, detected significant elevations and were therefore most suitable for quantifying fGCMs in the White-browed Sparrow-weavers. In contrast, the 5α-pregnane-3β, 11β, 21-triol-20-one EIA detected the highest elevations in fGCM concentrations in the Laughing Doves. The lag time between stressor initiation (ACTH injection) and the resulting peak fGCM concentrations was ~2 h in both species. The validations presented here open opportunities for monitoring physiological responses in free-ranging individuals and contribute to our knowledge of the EIAs suitable for non-invasive quantification of avian fGCM concentrations.","PeriodicalId":50532,"journal":{"name":"Emu-Austral Ornithology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80931000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feather and Brush: A History of Australian Bird Art","authors":"Samantha H Yabsley","doi":"10.1080/01584197.2022.2136608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01584197.2022.2136608","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50532,"journal":{"name":"Emu-Austral Ornithology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78762455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Season and sugar concentration affect bird behaviour at urban sugar-water feeders","authors":"D. A. Erastova, K. Cain, J. A. Galbraith, Y. van Heezik, M. Stanley","doi":"10.1080/01584197.2022.2132961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01584197.2022.2132961","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Sugar-water bird feeding in residential backyards is increasingly popular, but its effects on wildlife are poorly understood. One concern is whether it results in maladaptive behaviour, such as reliance on artificial food or increased aggression due to increased density of visiting individuals. We studied sugar-water feeder-associated bird behaviour in two cities with different climates. We investigate whether season, city, or sugar concentration influenced bird foraging activity and aggressiveness. We then test whether feeder presence affected backyard bird composition. Birds were most aggressive and used sugar-water feeders most actively in winter, especially the omnivorous native tauhou (Zosterops lateralis). We also found city and seasonal differences in sugar-water feeder usage and aggression. Further, in Auckland, the city with the warmer climate, New Zealand’s largest nectarivorous species, tūī (Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae), was more likely to be aggressive at feeders with higher sugar concentrations but foraged longer at feeders with lower sugar concentrations. Neither feeder presence nor sugar concentration influenced garden bird species richness or abundance. We discuss the effects of sugar-water feeding on bird behaviour at the global and local scale and suggest future study directions.","PeriodicalId":50532,"journal":{"name":"Emu-Austral Ornithology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80795493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extra-pair paternity in the Saffron Finch is related to song peak frequency and body condition","authors":"María Juliana Benítez Saldívar, C. Miño, Viviana Massoni","doi":"10.1080/01584197.2022.2126988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01584197.2022.2126988","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In many avian species, age, body size, and song could signal quality or individual breeding experience and these traits are often correlated with reproductive success. The relationship between sexually selected signals and avian mating systems is a topic of active research, but still remains poorly investigated in species from southern latitudes. Here, we explored the relationships between body size, condition, age, song and social and genetic reproductive success in Sicalis flaveola pelzelni, a Neotropical thraupid. This socially monogamous species has both age-related changes in song and plumage colouration and extra-pair paternity. When measuring male song we found that a lower peak frequency may be associated with patterns of extra-pair paternity gain by males. We also found that male age may not have a marked effect on paternity assurance. In addition, we found that female body condition appears to influence on the proportion of extra-pair nestlings in females’ nests. We contribute novel data to help bridge the geographic and taxonomic gap in this research field.","PeriodicalId":50532,"journal":{"name":"Emu-Austral Ornithology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73915623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2022 BirdLife Australia Fellows Citation","authors":"S. Garnett","doi":"10.1080/01584197.2022.2126459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01584197.2022.2126459","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50532,"journal":{"name":"Emu-Austral Ornithology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86531323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social organisation and breeding biology of the Western Grasswren (Amytornis textilis textilis)","authors":"Aline Gibson Vega","doi":"10.1080/01584197.2022.2125407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01584197.2022.2125407","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Grasswrens (Amytornis) lack behavioural ecological studies despite many species having a declining population and threatened status. The Western Grasswren (Amytornis textilis) is a semi-arid passerine endemic to Western Australia (WA) and South Australia. This study aims to provide further knowledge about the social organisation and breeding biology of the WA subspecies (A. t. textilis) based on a colour-banded population over three years of monitoring. Western Grasswrens maintained territories in pairs, with occasional cooperative breeding facilitated by adult offspring of either sex who delayed dispersal. There was no evidence of divorce between breeding pairs. However, resighting of banded grasswrens was infrequent which may have biased this conclusion. Nest predation and abandonment events were lower than previously documented for this species. Offspring productivity was high, with >70% of the monitored groups producing at least one fledgling per year. Grasswrens used a range of substrates for nesting, but all had common structural features that likely aided in the concealment or thermoregulation of the nest. Social organisation and breeding biology were similar to what had been observed in two other grasswren species. This study has increased our understanding of a poorly understood cryptic species, and understudied genus, that can later be incorporated into future management strategies, population viability models and comparative analysis.","PeriodicalId":50532,"journal":{"name":"Emu-Austral Ornithology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82964924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}