Clinical Psychological Science最新文献

No Evidence of Reliability Across 36 Variations of the Emotional Dot-Probe Task in 9,600 Participants 在 9,600 名参与者完成的 36 种情绪点探测任务中，没有证据表明它们之间存在可靠性差异

Clinical Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-06-13 DOI: 10.1177/21677026241253826

I. Xu, Eliza Passell, R. W. Strong, E. Grinspoon, L. Jung, Jeremy B Wilmer, Laura T. Germine

{"title":"No Evidence of Reliability Across 36 Variations of the Emotional Dot-Probe Task in 9,600 Participants","authors":"I. Xu, Eliza Passell, R. W. Strong, E. Grinspoon, L. Jung, Jeremy B Wilmer, Laura T. Germine","doi":"10.1177/21677026241253826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21677026241253826","url":null,"abstract":"The emotional dot-probe task is a widely used measure of attentional bias to threat. Recent work suggests, however, that subtraction-based behavioral measures of emotional dot-probe performance may not be appropriate for measuring such attentional biases because of poor reliability. In the two current studies, we systematically tested 36 versions of the emotional dot-probe task that varied in stimuli (faces, scenes, snakes/spiders), timing (stimulus onset asynchrony of 100 ms, 500 ms, 900 ms), stimulus orientation (horizontal, vertical), and trial types (e.g., threat congruent and threat incongruent). Across 9,600 participants, none of the 36 versions demonstrated internal reliability greater than zero. Reliability was similarly poor in anxious participants (based on Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 items or Brief Hypervigilance Scale). We conclude that the standard behavioral scores (difference scores based on reaction time or accuracy) derived from the emotional dot-probe task are not adequately reliable measures of attentional biases to threat in anxious or nonanxious populations.","PeriodicalId":505170,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychological Science","volume":"55 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141347791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Theory for How Parental Monitoring Changes Youth Behavior 父母监督如何改变青少年行为的理论依据

Clinical Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-03-28 DOI: 10.1177/21677026241232926

William E. Pelham, Herry Patel, Jennifer A. Somers, Sarah J. Racz

引用次数: 0

Testing Criterion Validity in Hierarchical Models of Psychopathology: Comparison of Latent-Variable and Factor-Score Approaches 测试精神病理学层次模型的标准有效性：潜变量法与因子得分法的比较

Clinical Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-03-13 DOI: 10.1177/21677026231225414

Alexander L. Williams, Christopher C. Conway, T. Olino, Wiliam Revelle, Richard M. Zinbarg

{"title":"Testing Criterion Validity in Hierarchical Models of Psychopathology: Comparison of Latent-Variable and Factor-Score Approaches","authors":"Alexander L. Williams, Christopher C. Conway, T. Olino, Wiliam Revelle, Richard M. Zinbarg","doi":"10.1177/21677026231225414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21677026231225414","url":null,"abstract":"The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology is a quantitative diagnostic system that is gaining traction as a framework for studying the correlates of mental-health problems. However, it remains unknown how best to operationalize hierarchically related psychopathology dimensions during criterion validity tests. In a series of simulations, we evaluated the performance of latent-variable (i.e., structural equation modeling [SEM]) and factor-score representations of hierarchical psychopathology constructs in criterion validity analyses. In models based on continuously distributed psychopathology indicators (e.g., symptom composites), SEM and factor-score methods both tended to yield unbiased estimates of criterion validity coefficients. In contrast, for models based on dichotomous indicators (e.g., categorical diagnoses), SEM led to more accurate estimates than factor scores in most cases. We offer recommendations for psychopathology researchers based on these results and provide an R function ( https://osf.io/u3j5d/ ) that investigators can use to apply the approaches studied here in real-world data sets.","PeriodicalId":505170,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychological Science","volume":"93 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140247251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Paranoia: From Passive Social-Threat Perception to Misattunement in Social Interaction 偏执狂：从被动的社会威胁感知到社会互动中的错位

Clinical Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-02-07 DOI: 10.1177/21677026231218639

Michal Hajdúk, N. Sasson, Sohee Park, A. Pinkham

引用次数: 0

Paranoia: From Passive Social-Threat Perception to Misattunement in Social Interaction 偏执狂：从被动的社会威胁感知到社会互动中的错位

Clinical Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-02-07 DOI: 10.1177/21677026231218639

Michal Hajdúk, N. Sasson, Sohee Park, A. Pinkham

引用次数: 0

Family Genetic-Risk Profiles Associated With Divorce 与离婚有关的家庭遗传风险概况

Clinical Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-02-04 DOI: 10.1177/21677026231214204

J. Salvatore, H. Ohlsson, J. Sundquist, K. Sundquist, K. Kendler

引用次数: 0

Family Genetic-Risk Profiles Associated With Divorce 与离婚有关的家庭遗传风险概况

Clinical Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-02-04 DOI: 10.1177/21677026231214204

J. Salvatore, H. Ohlsson, J. Sundquist, K. Sundquist, K. Kendler

引用次数: 0

Reinforcement-Learning-Informed Queries Guide Behavioral Change 强化-学习-信息查询引导行为改变

Clinical Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-01-24 DOI: 10.1177/21677026231213368

Vanessa M. Brown, Jacob Lee, John Wang, Brooks Casas, Pearl H. Chiu

{"title":"Reinforcement-Learning-Informed Queries Guide Behavioral Change","authors":"Vanessa M. Brown, Jacob Lee, John Wang, Brooks Casas, Pearl H. Chiu","doi":"10.1177/21677026231213368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21677026231213368","url":null,"abstract":"Algorithmically defined aspects of reinforcement learning correlate with psychopathology symptoms and change with symptom improvement following cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). Separate work in nonclinical samples has shown that varying the structure and statistics of task environments can change learning. Here, we combine these literatures, drawing on CBT-based guided restructuring of thought processes and computationally defined mechanistic targets identified by reinforcement-learning models in depression, to test whether and how verbal queries affect learning processes. Using a parallel-arm design, we tested 1,299 online participants completing a probabilistic reward-learning task while receiving repeated queries about the task environment (11 learning-query arms and one active control arm). Querying participants about reinforcement-learning-related task components altered computational-model-defined learning parameters in directions specific to the target of the query. These effects on learning parameters were consistent across depression-symptom severity, suggesting new learning-based strategies and therapeutic targets for evoking symptom change in mood psychopathology.","PeriodicalId":505170,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychological Science","volume":"27 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139599238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Seeing the Invisible: A Photovoice Exploration of Living With and Managing the Invisible Symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis 看见隐形：多发性硬化症隐形症状的生活与管理摄影探索

Clinical Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-01-23 DOI: 10.1177/21677026231220846

Leigh Parker, Gogem Topcu, Danielle De Boos, Clare Bale, R. das Nair

引用次数: 0

The Continuity of Adversity: Negative Emotionality Links Early Life Adversity With Adult Stressful Life Events 逆境的连续性：负面情绪将早年的生活逆境与成年后的生活压力事件联系起来

Clinical Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-01-11 DOI: 10.1177/21677026231220337

G. Brennan, T. Moffitt, Kyle J. Bourassa, H. Harrington, Sean Hogan, R. Houts, R. Poulton, S. Ramrakha, A. Caspi

{"title":"The Continuity of Adversity: Negative Emotionality Links Early Life Adversity With Adult Stressful Life Events","authors":"G. Brennan, T. Moffitt, Kyle J. Bourassa, H. Harrington, Sean Hogan, R. Houts, R. Poulton, S. Ramrakha, A. Caspi","doi":"10.1177/21677026231220337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21677026231220337","url":null,"abstract":"Adversity that exhibits continuity across the life course has long-term detrimental effects on physical and mental health. Using 920 participants from the Dunedin Study, we tested the following hypotheses: (a) Children (ages 3–15) who experienced adversity would also tend to experience adversity in adulthood (ages 32–45), and (2) interim personality traits in young adulthood (ages 18–26) would help account for this longitudinal association. Children who experienced more adversity tended to also experience more stressful life events as adults, β = 0.11, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.04, 0.18], p = .002. Negative emotionality—particularly its subfacet alienation, characterized by mistrust of others—helped explain this childhood-to-midlife association (indirect effect: β = 0.06, 95% CI = [0.04, 0.09], p < .001). Results were robust to adjustment for sex, socioeconomic origins, childhood IQ, preschool temperament, and other young-adult personality traits. Prevention of early life adversity and treatment of young-adult negative emotionality may reduce vulnerability to later life stress and thereby promote the health of aging adults.","PeriodicalId":505170,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychological Science","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139534202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0