Epileptic Disorders最新文献

{"title":"DEPDC5 plays a vital role in epilepsy: Genotypic and phenotypic features in cohort and literature","authors":"Chunyu Gu,&nbsp;Xinping Wei,&nbsp;Dandan Yan,&nbsp;Yingzi Cai,&nbsp;Dong Li,&nbsp;Jianbo Shu,&nbsp;Chunquan Cai","doi":"10.1002/epd2.20223","DOIUrl":"10.1002/epd2.20223","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>DEPDC5</i> emerges to play a vital role in focal epilepsy. However, genotype–phenotype correlation in <i>DEPDC5</i>-related focal epilepsies is challenging and controversial. In this study, we aim to investigate the genotypic and phenotypic features in <i>DEPDC5</i>-affected patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Genetic testing combined with criteria published by the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics and the Association for Molecular Pathology (ACMG/AMP), was used to identify pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants in <i>DEPDC5</i> among the cohort of 479 patients with focal epilepsy. Besides, the literature review was performed to explore the genotype–phenotype correlation and the penetrance in <i>DEPDC5</i>-related focal epilepsies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Eight unrelated probands were revealed to carry different pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants in <i>DEPDC5</i> and the total prevalence of <i>DEPDC5</i>-related focal epilepsy was 1.67% in the cohort. Sixty-five variants from 28 studies were included in our review. Combined with the cases reported, null variants accounted for a larger proportion than missense variants and were related to unfavorable prognosis (drug resistance or even sudden unexpected death in epilepsy; <i>χ</i>^<i>2</i> = 5.429, <i>p</i> = .020). And, the prognosis of probands with developmental delay/intellectual disability or focal cortical dysplasia was worse than that of probands with simple epilepsy (<i>χ</i>^<i>2</i> = −, <i>p</i> = .006). Besides, the overall penetrance of variants in <i>DEPDC5</i> was 68.96% (231/335).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Significance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study expands the variant spectrum of <i>DEPDC5</i> and proves that the <i>DEPDC5</i> variant plays a significant role in focal epilepsy. Due to the characteristics of phenotypic heterogeneity and incomplete penetrance, genetic testing is necessary despite no specific family history. And we propose to adopt the ACMG/AMP criteria refined by ClinGen Sequence Variant Interpretation Working Group, for consistency in usage and transparency in classification rationale. Moreover, we reveal an important message to clinicians that the prognosis of <i>DEPDC5</i>-affected patients is related to the variant type and complications.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50508,"journal":{"name":"Epileptic Disorders","volume":"26 3","pages":"341-349"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140946187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soft cerebellar signs unveil RARS2-related epilepsy","authors":"Vidal Yahya,&nbsp;Robertino Dilena,&nbsp;Roberto Del Bo,&nbsp;Manuela Magni,&nbsp;Fabio Biella,&nbsp;Sabrina Salani,&nbsp;Francesco Fortunato,&nbsp;Elisa Scola,&nbsp;Alessio Di Fonzo,&nbsp;Edoardo Monfrini","doi":"10.1002/epd2.20237","DOIUrl":"10.1002/epd2.20237","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Pathogenic &lt;i&gt;RARS2&lt;/i&gt; variants, by critically reducing mitochondrial arginyl-tRNA aminoacylation activity, cause a rare autosomal recessive disease, generally presenting as a severe encephalopathy with onset at birth, premature death, microcephaly, drug-resistant epilepsy, and hypotonia.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1-9&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; Epilepsy was reported in ~90% of the cases, often with myoclonic and clonic seizures.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; As in other primary mitochondrial diseases, epilepsy may be attributed to ATP depletion, resulting in loss of neuron hyperpolarization (Na&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;/K&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; ATPase activity impairment) and increased excitation (loss of GABA-mediated inhibition).&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;10&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; The most frequent neuroradiological finding is cerebral atrophy, followed by pontocerebellar hypoplasia.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1-9&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; We report the clinical and genetic findings of a 16-year-old boy with &lt;i&gt;RARS2&lt;/i&gt;-related encephalopathy distinguished for later onset, longer survival, and milder phenotype compared to previously reported cases.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A 13-year-old Italian boy without family history of neurological diseases was brought to the emergency room for a sleep-related focal-to-bilateral seizure. His mother reported the following ictal semiology: paroxysmal arousal from sleep, sitting up on the bed, head deviation, drooling, grunting, and asymmetric limb tonic posturing with right upper limb extension and left upper limb flexion (figure 4 sign), without awareness nor response to stimuli, with full recovery in ~10 min. EEG showed a 7 Hz background rhythm with brief trains of synchronous and asynchronous frontal 3 Hz sharp waves, prevalent on the right side (Figure 1A). After a similar second seizure on the following day, levetiracetam 500 mg twice a day was started achieving a seizure-free three-year follow-up and a consistent EEG improvement.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The patient's medical history revealed normal pregnancy, birth, and early motor development with autonomous walking at 15 months. A single episode of febrile seizure at 1 year of age was reported. At 3 years, he was referred to a pediatric neurologist for language delay with increased nonverbal communication; square wave jerks, interrupted pursuit, mild dysmetria, and tandem gait inability were observed at that time. Psychomotor and speech therapy alongside with professional school support were provided with benefit. A brain MRI at the age of 13 years revealed isolated cerebellar vermis atrophy (Figure 1B). At the last neurological examination, at 16 years, the patient displayed mild intellectual disability and cerebellar features including dysarthria, gaze difficulties, postural and kinetic tremor of upper limbs, limbs dysmetria, dysdiadochokinesia, and gait ataxia.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The combination of focal epilepsy with additional clues including cerebellar ataxia and language delay induced us to perform genetic tests: array-comparative genomic hybridization (array-CGH) resulted negative, whole-exome sequen","PeriodicalId":50508,"journal":{"name":"Epileptic Disorders","volume":"26 4","pages":"540-543"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/epd2.20237","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140909543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vascular syndrome predicts the development and course of epilepsy after perinatal stroke","authors":"Ulvi Vaher,&nbsp;Norman Ilves,&nbsp;Nigul Ilves,&nbsp;Rael Laugesaar,&nbsp;Mairi Männamaa,&nbsp;Dagmar Loorits,&nbsp;Pille Kool,&nbsp;Pilvi Ilves","doi":"10.1002/epd2.20239","DOIUrl":"10.1002/epd2.20239","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Epilepsy develops in one third of the patients after perinatal stroke. It is still unclear which vascular syndrome of ischemic stroke carries higher risk of epilepsy. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the risk of epilepsy according to the vascular syndrome of perinatal stroke.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study included 39 children with perinatal arterial ischemic stroke (13 with anterior or posterior trunk of the distal middle cerebral artery occlusion, 23 with proximal or distal M1 middle cerebral artery occlusion and three with lenticulostriate arteria infarction), and 44 children with presumed perinatal venous infarction. Magnetic resonance imaging obtained at the chronic stage was used to evaluate the vascular syndrome of stroke.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The median follow-up time was 15.1 years (95% CI: 12.4–16.5 years), epilepsy developed in 19/83 (22.9%) patients. The cumulative probability to be without epilepsy at 15 years was 75.4% (95% CI: 65.8–86.4). The probability of having epilepsy was higher in the group of proximal or distal M1 artery occlusion compared to patients with periventricular venous infarction (HR 7.2, 95% CI: 2.5–26, <i>p</i> = .0007). Patients with periventricular venous infarction had significantly more often status epilepticus or spike–wave activation in sleep ≥85% of it compared to patients with anterior or posterior trunk of the distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (OR = 81; 95% CI: 1.3–5046, <i>p</i> = .029).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Significance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The emphasis of this study is placed on classifying the vascular syndrome of perinatal stroke and on the targeted follow-up of patients for epilepsy until young adulthood. The risk for having epilepsy after perinatal stroke is the highest in children with proximal or distal M1 middle cerebral artery occlusion. Patients with periventricular venous infarction have a more severe course of epilepsy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50508,"journal":{"name":"Epileptic Disorders","volume":"26 4","pages":"471-483"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/epd2.20239","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140899404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hyperventilation-induced cerebellar fit in a patient with Chiari 1.5 malformation","authors":"Ryota Sasaki,&nbsp;Masako Kinoshita,&nbsp;Nahomi Osugi,&nbsp;Hidehiro Hirabayashi,&nbsp;Ichiro Nakagawa","doi":"10.1002/epd2.20236","DOIUrl":"10.1002/epd2.20236","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cerebellar fit (CF) is characterized by paroxysmal head retroflexion and opisthotonus with preserved consciousness.<span>^1-3</span> Here, we present a case of a 43-year-old male with cough syncope (CS) due to Chiari 1.5 malformation, who exhibited CF during hyperventilation (HV).<span>⁴</span> EEG revealed a normal posterior dominant rhythm of 8–9 Hz. Approximately 150 s after initiating HV, the patient experienced truncal convulsion accompanied by opisthotonic posturing (Video 1). Notably, the patient retained his consciousness with open eyes. No electrographic seizure patterns were evident, the posterior dominant rhythm was preserved, and the electrocardiogram demonstrated normal sinus rhythm (Figure 1). He underwent a foramen magnum decompression and his CS and CF disappeared. As a mechanism, HV may induce dissociation between intracranial and spinal cord cerebrospinal fluid pressures, which further lower the cerebellum and compress the brainstem and cerebellum.<span>^2-5</span> CF may be caused by the Guillain–Mollaret triangle disruption and CS by dysfunction of the brainstem reticular formation.<span>^{6, 7}</span></p><p>This study was partially supported by JPJSBP 120217720 and by the Nakatani Foundation for Advancement of Measuring Technologies in Biomedical Engineering : Technology Exchange Program.</p><p>None of the authors have any conflicts of interest to declare.</p>","PeriodicalId":50508,"journal":{"name":"Epileptic Disorders","volume":"26 4","pages":"556-558"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/epd2.20236","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140899401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electroretinographic artifacts on EEG in a critically ill patient","authors":"Kevin Hochstrasser,&nbsp;Wei Zhao,&nbsp;Doyle Yuan,&nbsp;Sándor Beniczky,&nbsp;Fábio A. Nascimento","doi":"10.1002/epd2.20230","DOIUrl":"10.1002/epd2.20230","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50508,"journal":{"name":"Epileptic Disorders","volume":"26 4","pages":"552-555"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140892881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A genetic cause for intractable seizures: Atypical Gaucher disease with a novel pathological variant","authors":"Selen Üçem,&nbsp;Şahin Avcı,&nbsp;Candan Gürses","doi":"10.1002/epd2.20204","DOIUrl":"10.1002/epd2.20204","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50508,"journal":{"name":"Epileptic Disorders","volume":"26 3","pages":"392-394"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140863019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Remission of startle epilepsy provoked by acoustic stimuli following complete callosotomy: A case study","authors":"Kazushi Ukishiro,&nbsp;Shin-ichiro Osawa,&nbsp;Yosuke Kakisaka,&nbsp;Kazutaka Jin,&nbsp;Teiji Tominaga,&nbsp;Hidenori Endo,&nbsp;Nobukazu Nakasato","doi":"10.1002/epd2.20238","DOIUrl":"10.1002/epd2.20238","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Herein, we present the case of a 21-year-old man with a history of generalized tonic seizures since the age of 4 years. These seizures occurred either spontaneously or could be provoked by auditory stimuli such as the sounds of a vacuum cleaner or an electric shaver. Despite trials with 10 different anti-seizure medications, his seizures remained refractory. Interictal electroencephalography (EEG) revealed generalized epileptiform activity, whereas ictal EEG showed a generalized attenuation pattern. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed extensive chronic infarctions, predominantly in the bilateral cerebral watershed areas. At the age of 17, the patient underwent a one-stage complete callosotomy, which only achieved remission of auditory-provoked seizures. Based on this experience and published reports, we propose that the posterior corpus callosum, particularly the isthmus and anterior splenium, may be involved in seizures caused by unexpected sound stimuli.</p>","PeriodicalId":50508,"journal":{"name":"Epileptic Disorders","volume":"26 4","pages":"510-513"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/epd2.20238","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140856641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The fate of EEG source imaging—Are current practice guidelines enough?","authors":"John S. Ebersole","doi":"10.1002/epd2.20235","DOIUrl":"10.1002/epd2.20235","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50508,"journal":{"name":"Epileptic Disorders","volume":"26 4","pages":"559-560"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140839463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-grade epilepsy-associated tumors: Epilepsy outcome and antiseizure medication discontinuation after lesionectomies as first-line surgical approach in pediatric population","authors":"Pia Bernardo,&nbsp;Maria Rosaria Scala,&nbsp;Alfonso Rubino,&nbsp;Pietro Spennato,&nbsp;Giuseppe Mirone,&nbsp;Carmela Russo,&nbsp;Pia Santangelo,&nbsp;Eugenio Covelli,&nbsp;Giampina Grimaldi,&nbsp;Vittoria D'Onofrio,&nbsp;Giuseppe Cinalli","doi":"10.1002/epd2.20234","DOIUrl":"10.1002/epd2.20234","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to evaluate epilepsy outcome and antiseizure medication (ASM) discontinuation after lesionectomies as first surgical approach in pediatric population diagnosed with low-grade epilepsy-associated neuroepithelial tumors (LEATs).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted a retrospective study. Thirty-six consecutive patients with histological diagnoses of LEATs who underwent surgery between 2018 and 2021 at our institution were included. The clinical and surgical data were retrospectively analyzed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thirty (83.3%) of 36 patients are free of disabling seizures (Engel class I) and 19 (63,4%) of them are classified as Engel Ia. In 17 (47.2%) patients, ASM could be discontinued. The mean age at surgery was 8.6 years (±4.04) and the mean age at onset of epilepsy was 7.2 years (±3.8), whereas the mean duration of epilepsy in months at the time of surgery was 21.3 months (±23.7). The epileptogenic tumor was in the temporal lobe in 20 (55.5%) patients. Because of seizure persistence, a second or a third surgery was necessary for six patients (16.7%) and four of them had residual lesions (three in temporal and one in extratemporal site). No perioperative complications were recorded, including acute seizures, with a median hospitalization time of 7 days. Shorter epilepsy duration at time of surgery as long as a single ASM was significantly correlated with an Engel class I outcome (<i>p</i>-value = .01 and <i>p</i>-value = .016, respectively). Focal seizure semeiology was associated with an increased probability of antiseizure medication discontinuation (<i>p</i>-value = .042).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Significance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings confirm that shorter epilepsy disease duration, monotherapy before surgery, and seizure semeiology are determinant factors for a positive seizure outcome and medication discontinuation, also with less invasive surgical approaches such as lesionectomies. However, considering the intrinsic multifactorial epileptogenic nature of LEATs, a tailored surgical approach should be considered to optimize clinical and seizure outcome, especially for lesions located in the temporal lobe.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50508,"journal":{"name":"Epileptic Disorders","volume":"26 4","pages":"460-470"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140839422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The online educational tool “Roadmap to EEGs” significantly improved trainee performance in recognizing EEG patterns","authors":"Irfan S. Sheikh,&nbsp;Roohi Katyal,&nbsp;Aris Hadjinicolaou,&nbsp;Bo Martin Bibby,&nbsp;Marcia Olandoski,&nbsp;Fábio A. Nascimento,&nbsp;Sandor Beniczky","doi":"10.1002/epd2.20227","DOIUrl":"10.1002/epd2.20227","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We created a framework to assess the competency-based EEG curriculum, outlined by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) through a video-based online educational resource (“Roadmap to EEGs”) and assessed its effectiveness and feasibility in improving trainees' knowledge.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ten video-based e-learning modules addressed seven key topics in EEG and epileptology (normal EEG, normal variants, EEG artifacts, interictal epileptiform discharges (IED), focal seizures, idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE), and developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEE)). We posted the educational videos on YouTube for free access. Pre- and post-tests, each comprising 20 multiple-choice questions, were distributed to institution leadership and advertised on social media platforms to reach a global audience. The tests were administered online to assess the participants' knowledge. Pre- and post-test questions showed different EEG samples to avoid memorization and immediate recall. After completing the post-test, participants were asked to respond to 7 additional questions assessing their confidence levels and recommendations for improvement.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 52 complete and matched pre- and post-test responses were collected. The probability of a correct response was 73% before teaching (95% CI: 70%–77%) and 81% after teaching (95% CI: 78%–84%). The odds of a correct response increased significantly by 59% (95% CI: 28%–98%, <i>p</i> &lt; .001). For participants having &gt;4 weeks of EEG training, the probability of a correct response was 76% (95% CI: .72–.79) and 81% after teaching (95% CI: .78–.84). The odds of answering correctly increased by 44% (95% CI: 15%–80%, <i>p</i> = .001). Participants felt completely confident in independently interpreting and identifying EEG findings after completing the teaching modules (17.1% before vs. 37.8% after, <i>p</i>-value &lt; .0001). 86.5% of participants expressed a high likelihood of recommending the module to other trainees.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Significance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The video-based online educational resource allows participants to acquire foundational knowledge in EEG/epilepsy, and participants to review previously learned EEG/epilepsy information.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50508,"journal":{"name":"Epileptic Disorders","volume":"26 4","pages":"435-443"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/epd2.20227","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140839346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}