European Journal of Paediatric Neurology最新文献

{"title":"Etiology-specific subgroup analysis of initial pharmacotherapy in infantile epileptic spasm syndrome: A single-center cohort study","authors":"Cemile Busra Olculu,&nbsp;Seda Kanmaz,&nbsp;Tugce Ince,&nbsp;Ozlem Yilmaz,&nbsp;Dilara Ece Toprak,&nbsp;Hepsen Mine Serin,&nbsp;Sanem Yilmaz,&nbsp;Hasan Tekgul","doi":"10.1016/j.ejpn.2025.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejpn.2025.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><div>To evaluate the efficacy of initial pharmacotherapy for infantile epileptic spasm syndrome (IESS) with electro-clinical outcome characteristics.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>A retrospective comparative cohort study with 280 IESS patients was designed; I. vigabatrin monotherapy (n = 129, 46 %); II. hormonotherapy (ACTH/oral prednisolone) (n = 73, 26 %); and III. vigabatrin plus early initiation of hormonotherapy in the first 14 days (n = 78, 28 %). Two types of outcomes were defined: (1) short-term outcome with spasm cessation time ≤42 days and resolution of hypsarrhythmia on the EEG on ≤3 months and (2) long-term outcome with spasm relapse rate or evolution to a new epileptic syndrome.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The etiology-specific diagnoses of the IESS cohort were defined according to the ILAE classification: structural (n = 131, 46.8 %), genetic (n = 28, 10 %), metabolic (n = 13, 4.6 %), immune-infectious (n = 10, 3.6 %), and unknown (n = 98, 35 %). Each treatment modalities had similar short- and long-term outcome characteristics. However, hormonotherapy with steroids (ACTH/oral prednisolone) provided “<em>early IESS resolution</em>” with spasm cessation and resolution of hypsarrhythmia (p = 0.042). The relapse rates of IESS were significantly higher in the etiology well-defined group compared to the unknown group (p = 0.005). The genetic-etiology specific group was more likely to have evolved to a new electro-clinical syndrome with a rate of 83.3 % than the others (p = 0.039).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>We observed that the early initiation of hormonotherapy with VGB (sequential therapy) should be investigated in etiology well-defined subgroup with short- and long-term outcome characteristics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50481,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Paediatric Neurology","volume":"54 ","pages":"Pages 89-95"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142973123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunoadsorption is equally effective as plasma exchange in paediatric neuroimmunological disorders - A retrospective multicentre study","authors":"Paula Cramer ,&nbsp;Marc Nikolaus ,&nbsp;Sebastian Loos ,&nbsp;Jonas Denecke ,&nbsp;Ellen Knierim ,&nbsp;Dominik Müller ,&nbsp;Lutz T. Weber ,&nbsp;Christina Taylan ,&nbsp;Julia Thumfart","doi":"10.1016/j.ejpn.2024.12.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejpn.2024.12.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Therapeutic apheresis (TA) are promising treatment option for neuroimmunological disorders. In paediatrics, the available data is limited, particularly for the use of IA. The aim of this study was to analyse the use of PE and IA in children and adolescents, with emphasis on outcome and neurological course after treatment as well as the safety of the two modalities.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Clinical data from paediatric patients with neuroimmunological disorders treated with TA in two German university children's hospitals between 2015 and 2022 were retrospectively analysed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In total, 39 patients underwent 322 sessions of TA, of which 184 were IA and 138 PE. The most common diagnosis was autoimmune encephalitis in 39 % (n = 15) of the patients. Other indications were central nervous system inflammatory demyelinating disorders in 21 % (n = 8), Guillain-Barré syndrome in 18 % (n = 7), Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycopeptide-antibody associated syndromes in 8 % (n = 3), Myasthenia gravis in 5 % (n = 2) and other neurological disorders in 10 % (n = 4). Overall, there was an improvement in 76 % of patients (81 % with IA, 70 % with PE; p = 0.41) immediately after treatment and an improvement in 88 % of patients (90 % with IA, 85 % with PE; p = 0.63) one month after treatment. Complications occurred in 13 % of all sessions (13 % with IA and 13 % with PE; p = 1). Most complications were considered as moderate.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Both, IA and PE, are effective treatment options in the therapy of neuroimmunological disorders in children and adolescents, with no major differences in terms of efficiency or safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50481,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Paediatric Neurology","volume":"54 ","pages":"Pages 58-63"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142928559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harmful metabolic acidosis in children treated by ketogenic diet during prolonged general anesthesia for epilepsy surgery: A single center experience","authors":"Rayann Checri ,&nbsp;Severine Gras ,&nbsp;Simon Clariot ,&nbsp;Anais Chivet ,&nbsp;Marie-Thérèse Dangles ,&nbsp;Julie Bonheur ,&nbsp;Nathalie Dorison ,&nbsp;Mathilde Chipaux ,&nbsp;Pierre Trouiller ,&nbsp;Sarah Ferrand-Sorbets ,&nbsp;Jean-Michel Devys ,&nbsp;Emmanuel Raffo","doi":"10.1016/j.ejpn.2025.01.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejpn.2025.01.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Management of ketogenic diet (KD) in case of prolonged anesthesia in children.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a retrospective study in the pediatric neurosurgery department of Rothschild Hospital Foundation in France. All the children who underwent long term anesthesia (&gt;4h) in case of neurosurgery for drug resistant pediatric epilepsy surgery between September 2020 and January 2024 were included, excluding patients with suspected metabolic disorder or without blood sample. Children were analyzed in three subgroups: Children under regular diet before surgery constituted the Non-KD group; strict maintenance of KD with no carbohydrate intake during surgery constituted the KD-S group (stringent); carbohydrate intravenous intake during surgery in a patient treated by KD represented the KD-B group (broken).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>22 patients were included, among whom 6 under ketogenic diet (KD). After 4 h of anesthesia, children maintained in strict ketogenic diet (KD-S, n = 3) exhibited non-lactic metabolic acidosis (pH 7.13 vs 7.34, p = 1.38x10⁻⁹) associated with an increased anionic gap (17.1 mM vs 9.6 mM, p = 1.58 x10⁻⁴).</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>Current recommendations for anesthesia during long term anesthesia (&gt;4h) with strict no-carbohydrate intake during anesthesia in case ok KD may be at risk of life-threatening metabolic acidosis, in a context of absence of protocolized monitoring of variations in hyperketosis throughout a prolonged fast. A KD-management protocol, including routine monitoring of ketosis in addition to usual monitoring (lactacidemia, kaliemia and glycemia), and low carbohydrates intravenous perfusion throughout prolonged general anesthesia, should be implemented throughout prolonged general anesthesia, especially for infants younger than 2 years.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50481,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Paediatric Neurology","volume":"54 ","pages":"Pages 140-146"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143081962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of children with early onset pediatric multiple sclerosis","authors":"Franziska Kauth ,&nbsp;Annikki Bertolini ,&nbsp;Eva-Maria Wendel ,&nbsp;Georgia Koukou ,&nbsp;Ines El Naggar ,&nbsp;Jena Chung ,&nbsp;Matthias Baumann ,&nbsp;Christopher Schödl ,&nbsp;Christian Lechner ,&nbsp;Sandra Bigi ,&nbsp;Astrid Blaschek ,&nbsp;Jan Georg Hengstler ,&nbsp;Mareike Schimmel ,&nbsp;Margherita Nosadini ,&nbsp;Stefano Sartori ,&nbsp;Marco Puthenparampil ,&nbsp;Karin Storm van's Gravesande ,&nbsp;Anne Drenckhahn ,&nbsp;Marc Nikolaus ,&nbsp;Birgit Kauffmann ,&nbsp;Kevin Rostásy","doi":"10.1016/j.ejpn.2025.01.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejpn.2025.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Early onset pediatric multiple sclerosis (EOPMS) provides an early window of opportunity to understand the mechanisms leading to MS.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To investigate clinical, laboratory and imaging differences between children with early onset pediatric MS (&lt;11 years, EOPMS) and late onset pediatric MS (≥11 years, LOPMS).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Mostly prospectively collected data of children with MS including clinical presentation, MRI at onset, time to second relapse, relapse rate, treatment history, and CSF markers were eligible.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In total 274 children were included, n = 53 children with EOPMS and n = 221 children with LOPMS. In children with EOPMS both sexes were equally affected, while in LOPMS the female sex was more prevalent (p &lt; 0.001). Presence of additional oligoclonal bands (OCBs) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was comparable in both age groups (92.3 % vs 89.5 %). Children with EOPMS had more relapses in the first 2 years (p = 0.004). Children with LOPMS had significantly more spinal lesions (p = 0.001). Presence of a prior EBV infection tested in a subset of children with EOPMS (n = 34) was only detected in 27/34 (79 %).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our findings suggest that both groups share important similarities but also important differences such as an increased relapse rate and a higher amount of infratentorial lesions in EOPMS. Furthermore, our results allude to a prior EBV-infection possibly not being an indispensable requirement for the development of MS in children with EOPMS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50481,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Paediatric Neurology","volume":"54 ","pages":"Pages 113-120"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143068543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitochondrial disorder diagnosis and management– what the pediatric neurologist wants to know","authors":"Oliver Heath ,&nbsp;René G. Feichtinger ,&nbsp;Melanie T. Achleitner ,&nbsp;Peter Hofbauer ,&nbsp;Doris Mayr ,&nbsp;Kajus Merkevicius ,&nbsp;Johannes Spenger ,&nbsp;Katja Steinbrücker ,&nbsp;Carina Steindl ,&nbsp;Elke Tiefenthaler ,&nbsp;Johannes A. Mayr ,&nbsp;Saskia B. Wortmann","doi":"10.1016/j.ejpn.2024.10.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejpn.2024.10.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Childhood-onset mitochondrial disorders are rare genetic diseases that often manifest with neurological impairment due to altered mitochondrial structure or function. To date, pathogenic variants in 373 genes across the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes have been linked to mitochondrial disease, but the ensuing genetic and clinical complexity of these disorders poses considerable challenges to their diagnosis and management. Nevertheless, despite the current lack of curative treatment, recent advances in next generation sequencing and -omics technologies have laid the foundation for precision mitochondrial medicine through enhanced diagnostic accuracy and greater insight into pathomechanisms. This holds promise for the development of targeted treatments in this group of patients. Against a backdrop of inherent challenges and recent technological advances in mitochondrial medicine, this review discusses the current diagnostic approach to a child with suspected mitochondrial disease and outlines management considerations of particular relevance to paediatric neurologists. We highlight the importance of mitochondrial expertise centres in providing the laboratory infrastructure needed to supplement uninformative first line genomic testing with focused and/or further unbiased investigations where needed, as well as coordinating an integrated multidisciplinary model of care that is paramount to the management of patients affected by these conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50481,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Paediatric Neurology","volume":"54 ","pages":"Pages 75-88"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142967160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experience of nusinersen treatment in advanced spinal muscular atrophy type 1: Characteristics of late responders with delayed treatment efficacy","authors":"Sachi Tokunaga ,&nbsp;Hideki Shimomura ,&nbsp;Takuya Horibe ,&nbsp;Naoko Taniguchi ,&nbsp;Tomoko Lee ,&nbsp;Yasuhiro Takeshima","doi":"10.1016/j.ejpn.2025.02.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejpn.2025.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Little clinical data is available for advanced cases of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) type 1, particularly those requiring ventilation support. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of nusinersen treatment on motor and respiratory function in advanced cases of SMA type 1.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This observational cohort study included seven patients with advanced SMA type 1, requiring permanent ventilator support and tracheostomy, at Hyogo Medical University School of Medicine Hospital between July 2017 and July 2019. The primary outcome was change in motor function, assessed using the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Infant Test of Neuromuscular Disorders (CHOP-INTEND) score. Subjective changes, which could not be measured with CHOP-INTEND, were also evaluated. The secondary outcomes included changes in respiratory function, measured by tidal volume (TV) and transcutaneous carbon dioxide (TcCO₂) levels.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Two patients showed a meaningful improvement in CHOP-INTEND scores (an increase of 4 points) after 2–3 years of nusinersen treatment. The remaining five showed changes ranging from 0 to 2 points. Subjective changes were observed in all patients. Patient respiratory function outcomes varied; TV increased in two patients and decreased in five, and TcCO₂ levels decreased in three patients and increased in four.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Nusinersen may provide meaningful improvement in motor function in some patients with advanced SMA type 1; however, treatment response may take a while and varies between individuals. Further research is needed to substantiate these findings and identify potential prognostic factors for nusinersen treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50481,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Paediatric Neurology","volume":"54 ","pages":"Pages 171-177"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143421152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fulfilling the needs of caregivers in delivering health services to children with developmental and epileptic encephalopathies","authors":"Lauren Kelada ,&nbsp;Stephanie Best ,&nbsp;Kristine Pierce ,&nbsp;Meagan Allen ,&nbsp;Joanna Cobb ,&nbsp;Kate Berens ,&nbsp;Ilias Goranitis ,&nbsp;Elizabeth Emma Palmer ,&nbsp;Ingrid E. Scheffer ,&nbsp;Katherine B. Howell","doi":"10.1016/j.ejpn.2025.01.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejpn.2025.01.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Patients with developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs) have multiple comorbidities and high healthcare needs. Whether health services meet the needs of this patient population and their families is not well understood. We explored caregiver perspectives on their child's health service use, satisfaction with health services, and priorities for improvement.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Caregivers of patients with DEEs completed online questionnaires containing specifically designed quantitative and qualitative questions to assess their perceptions of their child's health service use over a 12-month period. We analysed the quantitative data using descriptive and non-parametric statistics and the qualitative data using content analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Seventy-five caregivers participated. Over 12-months, 52 (69.3 %) patients presented to the emergency department, 70 (93.3 %) saw ≥3 medical professionals, and 45 (60 %) saw ≥3 allied health professionals (<em>n</em> = 45, 60.0 %). Caregivers were satisfied with their child's healthcare when they perceived healthcare professionals to be compassionate and knowledgeable. Caregivers were dissatisfied when they perceived that healthcare professionals were not knowledgeable about DEEs, or they felt unheard, unsupported, needed to advocate for their child's healthcare and disability funding, and perceived care coordination to be lacking. Hospital care and parent psychological support were caregivers' top priorities for improvement to the healthcare system.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Care coordination and access to knowledgeable healthcare professionals and psychological supports should be prioritised to achieve more appropriate models of care for patients with DEEs. Further research should evaluate models of care which incorporate these features to determine if they provide high value healthcare and improve the patient and family journey.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50481,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Paediatric Neurology","volume":"54 ","pages":"Pages 147-158"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143278263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant-derived cannabinoids for treatment of spasticity in children and adolescents with severe cerebral palsy: Double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","authors":"Milica Stefanović ,&nbsp;Damjan Osredkar ,&nbsp;Zvonka Rener-Primec ,&nbsp;Jakob Peterlin ,&nbsp;Tomislav Laptoš ,&nbsp;David Neubauer","doi":"10.1016/j.ejpn.2024.11.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejpn.2024.11.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>To assess the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of full-spectrum cannabis oil (FSCO) (CBD:THC ratio of 10:1) for the treatment of spasticity in individuals with spastic cerebral palsy (CP) grades IV and V.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>A pilot trial to assess the feasibility of FSCO in seven CP patients was followed by a prospective double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel trial, with 53 participants aged 5–25 years, randomised in a 1:1 ratio. The double-blind phase lasted six weeks, followed by the open-label phase of six weeks’ duration. The primary endpoint was a change in spasticity measured by the modified Ashworth Scale. Secondary outcomes were changes in motor function (Gross Motor Function Measure 88 scale), quality of life, safety, and tolerability.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There was no significant difference in spasticity, motor function, and quality of life parameters between patients receiving FSCO or placebo. Patients in the FSCO group were significantly drowsier compared to the placebo group. Adverse events were mild to moderate; there were no life-threatening events.</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>This trial suggests FSCO treatment in children with CP is generally well tolerated and safe. It might have benefits on quality of life. No significant change in spasticity was demonstrated with FSCO treatment compared to the placebo.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50481,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Paediatric Neurology","volume":"54 ","pages":"Pages 18-24"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142774497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Augmented (diagnostic) Reality: A clinical prediction rule for the early recognition and diagnosis of paediatric NMDA-receptor antibody encephalitis","authors":"Terrence Thomas ,&nbsp;Ming Lim","doi":"10.1016/j.ejpn.2025.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejpn.2025.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50481,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Paediatric Neurology","volume":"54 ","pages":"Page A2"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143574540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trauma at the heart of coping strategies in developmental and epileptic encephalopathies: Insights from Dravet syndrome","authors":"Stéphane Auvin","doi":"10.1016/j.ejpn.2025.03.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejpn.2025.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50481,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Paediatric Neurology","volume":"54 ","pages":"Page A1"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143574541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}