Asian Journal of Biology最新文献

{"title":"Review of the Literature on Pain in Horses During Colic: Understanding Visceral Abdominal Pain for the Right Therapeutic Choice","authors":"Sourokou Sabi S., Kane Y., Kadja M. C., Chabchoub A., Kabura E., Cisse S.A., Kaboret Y.Y.","doi":"10.9734/ajob/2024/v20i6415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajob/2024/v20i6415","url":null,"abstract":"Pain is one of the most dreaded signs of colic in horses. The aim of this work is to facilitate understanding of the pathophysiology of this pain in order to improve therapeutic choices in equine clinics. The knowledge of the anatomy, physiology and innervation of the digestive tract will enable you to deal more effectively with algology during colic: understanding the pathophysiology, management of visceral pain during equine colic and well-being of horses. In this way, the management of a horse suffering from colic will be easier and more appropriate, by anticipating the deterioration in the animal's general condition and avoiding the side effects of the molecules to be used.","PeriodicalId":504702,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Biology","volume":"102 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141124882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proximate Composition of Some Fish Feed Samples for Small-scale Aquaculture Farmers in Bobasi Sub-County, Kisii County, Kenya","authors":"Simion Omasaki, Mary Mutuli Mutili, Lydia Kitonga","doi":"10.9734/ajob/2024/v20i6414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajob/2024/v20i6414","url":null,"abstract":"A study was carried out to assess the nutritional value of fish feed used by small-scale aquaculture farmers in Bobasi Sub-County, Kisii County, Kenya between January and December 2019. Nine samples of fish feeds were collected randomly from different fish farmers and commercial feed dealers from the study area. These feeds were grouped into two categories: starter feeds and grower feeds. Farmers provided four locally formulated feeds: two starter feeds (C and D) and two grower feeds (H and I) while commercial dealers provided five feeds: two starter feeds (A and B) and three growers feeds (E, F, and G). Proximate analysis of these feeds were then carried out at the Kenya Marine Fisheries and Research Institute, Sangoro station, Kenya to assess their nutritional value. The results indicated that the crude protein (CP) content was in the range of 14.7 - 57.2%, ash 6.6 - 14.1%, lipid 2 - 11.2 %, fibre 0 - 10.3%, moisture 8.7 - 13.5% and nitrogen-free extract content 7.5 - 57.3% in commercial and farmer formulated feeds respectively. The results demonstrated that most commercial feeds had more protein content for fish growth compared to farmers’ locally formulated feeds. They also showed that feeds that had lesser CP levels had more nitrogen-free extract content which would result in reduced growth rates and consequently affect the fish yields.","PeriodicalId":504702,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Biology","volume":"18 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140981498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in Water Quality in a Tropical Kenyan River-estuary System: Responses to Anthropogenic Activities","authors":"K. Nyakeya, James Onchieku, Frank O. Masese, Z. Gichana, Albert Getabu, Jane M. Nyamora","doi":"10.9734/ajob/2024/v20i6413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajob/2024/v20i6413","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: To determine the spatial variation in physico-chemical water quality attributes in estuarine ecosystems of South Coast Kenya to inform its management.\u0000Study Design:  We employed diagnostic research design where such factors as anthropogenic activities, hydrology, and accessibility were considered in choosing 12 sampling stations. A mixed sampling design (probability and non-probability) was used to sample.\u0000Place and Duration of Study: Four discharging rivers into estuarine system with a reference point were identified. 12 sampling points were earmarked and sampled for 12 months.\u0000Methodology: Nine selected water quality parameters were collected in triplicates monthly for 12 months. Temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, conductivity, salinity and TDS were collected in situ using YSI Multiparameter meter (Professional plus) while nutrients were analyzed in the laboratory calorimetrically. Data was tested for normality and homogeneity of variances using Levene's and Shapiro-Wilk tests. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were done using the 64-bit R Software version 4.3.0 to test for significant differences and correlate the parameters among the sampling sites respectively. Observed differences were considered statistically significant at P < 0.05.\u0000Results: The measured environmental variables differed significantly among the sampling stations (P < 0.05). temperature and salinity exhibited moderate to strong effect on water quality, while pH and nutrients (phosphates, nitrates, and ammonia) exhibited mixed effects with both negative and positive loadings on the Principal Components. It is demonstrated that the south coast estuary, Kenya is affected by two gradients: mineralization from the sea and the organic matter gradient at the upstream stations dominated by the fluvial inflows from the respective rivers.\u0000Conclusion: The south coast of Kenya estuary is impacted by natural processes and anthropogenic activities. we recommend for continued regular water quality assessment and monitoring to acquire sufficient data to shape policy frameworks towards its sustainable management.","PeriodicalId":504702,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Biology","volume":"1 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140988528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields (EMFs) on Biological Systems","authors":"Madhuri G. Pawar, Reymend Encily Martin","doi":"10.9734/ajob/2024/v20i6412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajob/2024/v20i6412","url":null,"abstract":"Electromagnetic Field (EMF) is a natural phenomenon; however, anthropogenic activities have significantly shifted its equilibrium, leading to potential deleterious effects on biological systems. As technology becomes more integrated into daily life, the increased use of electronic devices has contributed to a rise in man-made EMF exposure. This exposure can affect biological systems on physiological and molecular levels, raising concerns about its potential effects on animal development, reproductive systems, and overall ecosystem health. The review explores the physiological effects of exposure to static, extremely low-frequency (ELF), and radiofrequency (RF) fields, analyzing how EMF impacts oxidative stress, reproductive physiology, cardiovascular function, brain and nervous system activity, and DNA/RNA integrity. It also acknowledges the emerging concern of EMF in aquatic environments, where underwater power supplies and extensive underwater cable networks are sources of EMF exposure that may affect marine and freshwater species. The potential effects on marine life include disruptions to migratory patterns, altered reproductive cycles, and changes in aquatic biodiversity. The review acknowledges that research on EMF has improved over time, but significant gaps and information remain. It emphasizes the need for immediate attention to address the challenges and opportunities in this field.","PeriodicalId":504702,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Biology","volume":" 39","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140995685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diversity of Dematiaceous Freshwater Hyphomycetes from Dang Forest of Gujrat, India","authors":"S. Y. Patil, C. M. Pawara","doi":"10.9734/ajob/2024/v20i6411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajob/2024/v20i6411","url":null,"abstract":"Hyphomycetes paly significant role in freshwater ecosystem. Dang district is located in the south eastern part  Gujarat state of western India. Dang has an area of 1,764 km². Present paper deals with 6 species of submerged freshwater hyphomycetes belonging to 5 genera viz. Aquapteridospora bambusinum Bao, Dictyosporella aquatica Abdel Aziz, Pseudoberkleasmium chiangmaiense Lu and Hyde, Sporidesmium nujiangense Bao, Su, Hyde and Luo, Vamsapriya aquatica Bao, Su, Hyde and Luo and Vamsapriya indica Gawas and Bhat. The survey was conducted in winter season of 2019.","PeriodicalId":504702,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Biology","volume":"31 43","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141005567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Microorganism Present in Garri Sold within Local Market and Garri Producers in Ozoro Community","authors":"O. J.I, O. J.O., Ukolobi O., Aphiar, A.E.","doi":"10.9734/ajob/2024/v20i6410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajob/2024/v20i6410","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluated the microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) present in garri sold within local market and garri producers at Ozoro Community. This was achieved through microbial analysis of samples to determine microbial count and strains available. Contamination of sample was observed for garri sold at different locations with the bacteria count seen to be higher at the local market 1 (42x106cfu/10g) and garri producer (41x106cfu/10g) than at local market 2 (38x106cfu/10g) which shows that market activity may not be the contamination source. Bacteria isolates indicated the presence of pathogen associated with disease and food poisoning syndrome such as E. coli, Staphylococcus, Bacilli and Pseudomonas. Staphylococcus and Escherichia coli were observed to be the dominant strains of microbes in garri sold across all assessed location which poses health risk due to their pathogenicity. Fungi were detected in garri samples assessed from all three locations with an increasing trend from producer to sales point which is an indication that garri contamination with fungi must have occurred from post production activities in the market and sales point. The fungi isolates obtained from the samples areAsperillus flavus Penicilum spp.and Candida albican. Asperillus flavus andPenicilum spp. were observed to be the dominant strains of microbes in garri sold across all assessed location. The samples of garri sold around Ozoro are unsafe since they did not meet with the recommended limit by Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of 1x104cfu/g for bacteria count and 1x104cfu/g for fungi count and E.coli count of 0. Hygienic practices should be strictly adhered to prevent contamination of garri produced.","PeriodicalId":504702,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Biology","volume":"362 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141006303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Above Ground Biomass and Carbon Sequestration of Urban Green Spaces in Danang City, Vietnam","authors":"Ngoc-Son Tran, Chi Cuong Doan","doi":"10.9734/ajob/2024/v20i6409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajob/2024/v20i6409","url":null,"abstract":"Green space in cities is an essential component of the urban environment. Different forms of urban green spaces, with varying populations, plant communities, and roles, offer varying urban ecological advantages. Using the i-Tree Eco model, this study examined the structural characteristics of urban green trees and calculated the biomass storage capacity and carbon sequestration in urban green spaces in Da Nang City. The results revealed a considerable diversity of species composition among 7,513 trees belonging to 42 species of 20 families studied in four types of green spaces, with Terminalia catappa, Cyrtostachys renda, and Roystonea regia dominating. The average Shannon biodiversity index was 2.9, with the institution having the highest at 2.6 and the park having the lowest at 2.2. The total leaf biomass per hectare was 588.0 kg/ha, and the carbon sequestration rate was 2,845.30 kg/ha. Ficus subpisocarpa was the species with the highest value for these two advantages, and the park was the green space with the highest benefit in terms of biomass and carbon sequestration.","PeriodicalId":504702,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Biology","volume":"117 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141013332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analyzing Daphnia and Black Soldier Fly Performance for Fish Protein","authors":"Victor Chelal, Leah Mumbi Mahianyu, Benjamin Musyimi Musingi, Dorcas Mutheu Musingi","doi":"10.9734/ajob/2024/v20i5408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajob/2024/v20i5408","url":null,"abstract":"The effectiveness of Daphnia and Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae as substitute protein sources for fish diet is examined in this study. The quest for sustainable aquaculture methods has led to a rise in the need for substitute protein sources. Since they may be raised using organic waste materials and have a high protein content, daphnia and BSF larvae are seen as attractive possibilities. In this study, we assess the digestibility, nutritional makeup, and growth performance of fish fed diets including BSF larval protein and Daphnia. We also evaluate the environmental impact and economic viability of adding these substitute protein sources to fish diets. Our research provides important new information on the viability of using BSF larvae and Daphnia as protein sources to improve fish production sustainability and lessen dependency on conventional.","PeriodicalId":504702,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Biology","volume":"11 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141055906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphology, Cytology and Ethnobotany of Three Pimpinella L. Species (Apiaceae) from the North-western Himalayas, India","authors":"Sanjeev Kumar, S. Rani, Sonika Kalia, Jatinder Kumar Sharma, Syed Mudassir Jellani","doi":"10.9734/ajob/2024/v20i5407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajob/2024/v20i5407","url":null,"abstract":"During the present study, population-based meiotic studies were carried out on three species and 14 populations of the genus Pimpinella from selected localities of district Kangra and Sirmaur of Himachal Pradesh in the North-Western Himalayas (India). The present chromosome adds up of 2n=18 in P. acuminata making a count of new diploid cytotype on a world-wide basis. Impaired male meiosis was eminent in all populations of Pimpinella achilleifolia and P. diversifolia and the populations with 2n=18 in P. acuminata. These uneven species were striking with meiotic abnormalities in the form of cytomixis, chromosomal stickiness, unoriented bivalents, formation of laggards and bridges consequential in abnormal microsporogenesis, and production of heterogeneous-sized fertile pollen grains along with reduced pollen fertility.","PeriodicalId":504702,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Biology","volume":" 1031","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140682169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mycological Assessment of Selected Swimming Pools of Recreational Centers around the University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria","authors":"Joseph C. Onyemachi, O. Eruteya","doi":"10.9734/ajob/2024/v20i5406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajob/2024/v20i5406","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: This study was carried out to determine the physicochemical properties and mycological safety of four swimming pools within and around the University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.\u0000Study Design:  Random sampling design was employed.\u0000Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology Laboratory, University of Port Harcourt, between August and October, 2023.\u0000Methodology: A total of 8 samples were collected before and after patronage by patrons from 4 swimming pool. Standard methods were employed for the physicochemical parameters such as pH, turbidity and residual chlorine as well as the enumeration for fungi using potato dextrose agar.\u0000Results: The pH values ranged from 4.50 to 10.00. The Nephelometric Turbidity Unit ranged from 0.45 to 0.90 NTU while the residual chlorine ranged from 0.36 to 355.00 mg/l. The fungal counts ranged from 1 to 9 cfu/ml, while the isolated species on the basis of cultural morphology and microscopic characteristics were identified as species of Fusarium, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Histoplasma, Rhodotorula, Microsporium and Trichophyton.\u0000Conclusion: This study has revealed a potential health risk associated with the use of water of the examined recreational facilities due to none compliance with the WHO standard of < 1 cfu/100ml for fungal and the other parameters, suggesting a public health concern and need for effective interventions.","PeriodicalId":504702,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Biology","volume":"23 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140714741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}