Biology Pub Date : 2024-07-16 DOI: 10.3390/biology13070525

Yi Quan, Xiaofang Yu

{"title":"The Cytotoxic Effects of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Induced by Uranium","authors":"Yi Quan, Xiaofang Yu","doi":"10.3390/biology13070525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13070525","url":null,"abstract":"Bone is a major tissue for uranium deposition in human body. Considering mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play a vital role in bone formation and injury recovery, studying the mechanism of MSCs responding to uranium poisoning can benefit the understanding of bone damage and repair after uranium exposure. Cellular structural alterations were analyzed via transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Changes in cellular behaviors were assessed through cellular viability, apoptosis, and the production of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). In addition, the influence of gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) on uranium toxicity was assessed. The disruption of MSCs was elevated with the increase in uranyl nitrate concentration, as shown by TEM micrograph. This was verified by the results of cellular viability and DSB production. Interestingly, the results of apoptosis assay indicated significant apoptosis occurred, which was accompanied with an obvious disruption of cellular membranes. Furthermore, closely contacted cell confluence groups exhibited resistant to uranium poisoning in contrast to sparse growth groups, which can be eliminated with the pretreatment of a GJIC inhibitor in the close connection group. To verify the association between GJIC and cytotoxic effects of uranyl nitrate, GJIC function was evaluated by wound healing and cellular migration. The results showed an inhibition of the healing ratio and migration ability induced by the exposure of uranyl nitrate. The low transfer efficiency of the dye coupling experiment and depressed expression of gap functional protein connexins confirmed the impairment of GJIC function. These results suggest that uranium toxicity is involved with GJIC dysfunction.","PeriodicalId":504576,"journal":{"name":"Biology","volume":"5 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141642462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Correction: Shawky et al. The Biological Impacts of Sitagliptin on the Pancreas of a Rat Model of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Drug Interactions with Metformin. Biology 2020, 9, 6 更正：Shawky等人，《西他列汀对2型糖尿病模型大鼠胰腺的生物学影响》：与二甲双胍的药物相互作用》。生物学 2020，9，6

Biology Pub Date : 2024-07-16 DOI: 10.3390/biology13070527

L. Shawky, Ahmed A. Morsi, Eman A El Bana, Safaa M Hanafy

引用次数: 0

Jaboticaba Peel Extract Attenuates Ovariectomy-Induced Bone Loss by Preserving Osteoblast Activity 猴面包树果皮提取物通过保护成骨细胞活性减轻卵巢切除术诱发的骨质流失

Biology Pub Date : 2024-07-16 DOI: 10.3390/biology13070526

L. Adolpho, Maria Paula Oliveira Gomes, G. Freitas, Rayana Longo Bighetti-Trevisan, Jaqueline Isadora Reis Ramos, Gabriela Hernandes Campeoti, Guilherme Crepi Zatta, Adriana Luisa Gonçalves Almeida, Adriana Gadioli Tarone, M. R. Marostica-Junior, A. Rosa, M. Beloti

{"title":"Jaboticaba Peel Extract Attenuates Ovariectomy-Induced Bone Loss by Preserving Osteoblast Activity","authors":"L. Adolpho, Maria Paula Oliveira Gomes, G. Freitas, Rayana Longo Bighetti-Trevisan, Jaqueline Isadora Reis Ramos, Gabriela Hernandes Campeoti, Guilherme Crepi Zatta, Adriana Luisa Gonçalves Almeida, Adriana Gadioli Tarone, M. R. Marostica-Junior, A. Rosa, M. Beloti","doi":"10.3390/biology13070526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13070526","url":null,"abstract":"Therapies to prevent osteoporosis are relevant since it is one of the most common non-communicable human diseases in the world and the most prevalent bone disorder in adults. Since jaboticaba peel extract (JPE) added to the culture medium enhanced the osteogenic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from osteoporotic rats, we hypothesized that JPE prevents the development of ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis. Ovariectomized rats were treated with either JPE (30 mg/kg of body weight) or its vehicle for 90 days, starting 7 days after the ovariectomy. Then, the femurs were subjected to microcomputed tomography and histological analyses, and the osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation of MSCs was evaluated. JPE attenuated ovariectomy-induced bone loss, as evidenced by higher bone volume/total volume and trabecular number, along with lower trabecular separation and bone marrow adiposity. These protective effects of JPE on bone tissue are due to its ability to prevent the imbalance between osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation of MSCs, since, compared with MSCs derived from ovariectomized rats treated with vehicle, MSCs treated with JPE exhibited higher gene and protein expression of osteogenic markers and extracellular matrix mineralization, as well as lower gene expression of adipogenic markers. These data highlight the potential therapeutic use of JPE to prevent osteoporosis.","PeriodicalId":504576,"journal":{"name":"Biology","volume":"1 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141640449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Utility of the Koala Scat: A Scoping Review 考拉粪便的用途：范围审查

Biology Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.3390/biology13070523

Stephen D. Johnston, L. Hulse, T. Keeley, Albano Mucci, Jennifer Seddon, Sam Maynard

引用次数: 0

Arbovirus Transmission in Australia from 2002 to 2017 2002 年至 2017 年澳大利亚的虫媒病毒传播情况

Biology Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.3390/biology13070524

Elvina Viennet, F. Frentiu, Emilie McKenna, Flavia Torres Vasconcelos, Robert L. P. Flower, H. Faddy

{"title":"Arbovirus Transmission in Australia from 2002 to 2017","authors":"Elvina Viennet, F. Frentiu, Emilie McKenna, Flavia Torres Vasconcelos, Robert L. P. Flower, H. Faddy","doi":"10.3390/biology13070524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13070524","url":null,"abstract":"Arboviruses pose a significant global public health threat, with Ross River virus (RRV), Barmah Forest virus (BFV), and dengue virus (DENV) being among the most common and clinically significant in Australia. Some arboviruses, including those prevalent in Australia, have been reported to cause transfusion-transmitted infections. This study examined the spatiotemporal variation of these arboviruses and their potential impact on blood donation numbers across Australia. Using data from the Australian Department of Health on eight arboviruses from 2002 to 2017, we retrospectively assessed the distribution and clustering of incidence rates in space and time using Geographic Information System mapping and space–time scan statistics. Regression models were used to investigate how weather variables, their lag months, space, and time affect case and blood donation counts. The predictors’ importance varied with the spatial scale of analysis. Key predictors were average rainfall, minimum temperature, daily temperature variation, and relative humidity. Blood donation number was significantly associated with the incidence rate of all viruses and its interaction with local transmission of DENV, overall. This study, the first to cover eight clinically relevant arboviruses at a fine geographical level in Australia, identifies regions at risk for transmission and provides valuable insights for public health intervention.","PeriodicalId":504576,"journal":{"name":"Biology","volume":"44 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141648786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Role of TRAIL Signaling in Cancer: Searching for New Therapeutic Strategies TRAIL 信号在癌症中的作用：寻找新的治疗策略

Biology Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.3390/biology13070521

Cheng Luo, Shan He, Feng Shi, Jianhua Zhou, Li Shang

引用次数: 0

Status of Cassava Witches’ Broom Disease in the Philippines and Identification of Potential Pathogens by Metagenomic Analysis 菲律宾木薯女巫帚病的现状及通过元基因组分析鉴定潜在病原体

Biology Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.3390/biology13070522

D. Landicho, Ray Jerome Mojica Montañez, Maurizio Camagna, Sokty Neang, Abriel Salaria Bulasag, Peter Magan Magdaraog, I. Sato, D. Takemoto, K. Maejima, Marita S. Pinili, Sotaro Chiba

{"title":"Status of Cassava Witches’ Broom Disease in the Philippines and Identification of Potential Pathogens by Metagenomic Analysis","authors":"D. Landicho, Ray Jerome Mojica Montañez, Maurizio Camagna, Sokty Neang, Abriel Salaria Bulasag, Peter Magan Magdaraog, I. Sato, D. Takemoto, K. Maejima, Marita S. Pinili, Sotaro Chiba","doi":"10.3390/biology13070522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13070522","url":null,"abstract":"Cassava witches’ broom disease (CWBD) is one of the most devastating diseases of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), and it threatens global production of the crop. In 2017, a phytoplasma, Candidatus Phytoplasma luffae (Ca. P. luffae), was reported in the Philippines, and it has been considered as the causal agent, despite unknown etiology and transmission of CWBD. In this study, the nationwide occurrence of CWBD was assessed, and detection of CWBD’s pathogen was attempted using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques. The results showed that CWBD has spread and become severe, exhibiting symptoms such as small leaf proliferation, shortened internodes, and vascular necrosis. PCR analysis revealed a low phytoplasma detection rate, possibly due to low titer, uneven distribution, or absence in the CWBD-symptomatic cassava. In addition, NGS techniques confirm the PCR results, revealing the absence or extremely low phytoplasma read counts, but a surprisingly high abundance of fastidious and xylem-limited fungus, Ceratobasidium sp. in CWBD-symptomatic plants. These findings cast doubt over the involvement of phytoplasma in CWBD and instead highlight the potential association of Ceratobasidium sp., strongly supporting the recent findings in mainland Southeast Asia. Further investigations are needed to verify the etiology of CWBD and identify infection mechanisms of Ceratobasidium sp. to develop effective diagnostic and control methods for disease management.","PeriodicalId":504576,"journal":{"name":"Biology","volume":"106 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141647444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dynamic Analysis of Stool Microbiota of Simmental Calves and Effects of Diarrhea on Their Gut Microbiota 西门塔尔犊牛粪便微生物群动态分析及腹泻对其肠道微生物群的影响

Biology Pub Date : 2024-07-13 DOI: 10.3390/biology13070520

Qianxun Wang, Mula Na, Shiyu Jia, Miao Sun, Song Gao, Shiwei Pan, Wu Dong, Yang Song, Jingfeng Yang

{"title":"Dynamic Analysis of Stool Microbiota of Simmental Calves and Effects of Diarrhea on Their Gut Microbiota","authors":"Qianxun Wang, Mula Na, Shiyu Jia, Miao Sun, Song Gao, Shiwei Pan, Wu Dong, Yang Song, Jingfeng Yang","doi":"10.3390/biology13070520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13070520","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to explore the dynamic changes in the gut microbiota of Simmental calves before weaning and to compare the microbial composition and functionality between healthy calves and those with diarrhea. Fourteen neonatal Simmental calves were divided into a healthy group (n = 8) and a diarrhea group (n = 6). Rectal stool samples were collected from each calf on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 12, 15, 18, 22, 26, 30, 35, and 40. High-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene V1–V9 region was conducted to examine changes in the gut microbiota over time in both groups and to assess the influence of diarrhea on microbiota structure and function. Escherichia coli, Bacteroides fragilis, and B. vulgatus were the top three bacterial species in preweaning Simmental calves. Meanwhile, the major functions of the fecal microbiota included “metabolic pathways”, “biosynthesis of secondary metabolites”, “biosynthesis of antibiotics”, “microbial metabolism in diverse environments”, and “biosynthesis of amino acids”. For calves in the healthy group, PCoA revealed that the bacterial profiles on days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 differed from those on days 15, 18, 22, 26, 30, 35, and 40. The profiles on day 12 clustered with both groups, indicating that microbial structure changes increased with age. When comparing the relative abundance of bacteria between healthy and diarrheic calves, the beneficial Lactobacillus johnsonii, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and Limosilactobacillus were significantly more abundant in the healthy group than those in the diarrhea group (p < 0.05). This study provides fundamental insights into the gut microbiota composition of Simmental calves before weaning, potentially facilitating early interventions for calf diarrhea and probiotic development.","PeriodicalId":504576,"journal":{"name":"Biology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141651228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, Metainflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Cardiovascular Diseases: Unraveling Pathways 糖脂代谢紊乱、代谢性炎症、氧化应激和心血管疾病：揭示通路

Biology Pub Date : 2024-07-12 DOI: 10.3390/biology13070519

Enzo Pereira de Lima, Renato Cesar Moretti, Karina Torres Pomini, Lucas Fornari Laurindo, Katia Portero Sloan, Lance Alan Sloan, Marcela Vialogo Marques de Castro, Edgar Baldi, Bruna Fidencio Rahal Ferraz, Eliana de Souza Bastos Mazuqueli Pereira, V. M. C. S. Catharin, Carolina Haber Mellen, Flávia Cristina Castilho Carácio, Caio Sérgio Galina Spilla, J. Haber, S. Barbalho

{"title":"Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, Metainflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Cardiovascular Diseases: Unraveling Pathways","authors":"Enzo Pereira de Lima, Renato Cesar Moretti, Karina Torres Pomini, Lucas Fornari Laurindo, Katia Portero Sloan, Lance Alan Sloan, Marcela Vialogo Marques de Castro, Edgar Baldi, Bruna Fidencio Rahal Ferraz, Eliana de Souza Bastos Mazuqueli Pereira, V. M. C. S. Catharin, Carolina Haber Mellen, Flávia Cristina Castilho Carácio, Caio Sérgio Galina Spilla, J. Haber, S. Barbalho","doi":"10.3390/biology13070519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13070519","url":null,"abstract":"Glycolipid metabolic disorders (GLMDs) are various metabolic disorders resulting from dysregulation in glycolipid levels, consequently leading to an increased risk of obesity, diabetes, liver dysfunction, neuromuscular complications, and cardiorenal vascular diseases (CRVDs). In patients with GLMDs, excess caloric intake and a lack of physical activity may contribute to oxidative stress (OxS) and systemic inflammation. This study aimed to review the connection between GLMD, OxS, metainflammation, and the onset of CRVD. GLMD is due to various metabolic disorders causing dysfunction in the synthesis, breakdown, and absorption of glucose and lipids in the body, resulting in excessive ectopic accumulation of these molecules. This is mainly due to neuroendocrine dysregulation, insulin resistance, OxS, and metainflammation. In GLMD, many inflammatory markers and defense cells play a vital role in related tissues and organs, such as blood vessels, pancreatic islets, the liver, muscle, the kidneys, and adipocytes, promoting inflammatory lesions that affect various interconnected organs through their signaling pathways. Advanced glycation end products, ATP-binding cassette transporter 1, Glucagon-like peptide-1, Toll-like receptor-4, and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) play a crucial role in GLMD since they are related to glucolipid metabolism. The consequences of this is system organ damage and increased morbidity and mortality.","PeriodicalId":504576,"journal":{"name":"Biology","volume":"93 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141652619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Huperzine A Regulates the Physiological Homeostasis of Amyloid Precursor Protein Proteolysis and Tau Protein Conformation—A Computational and Experimental Investigation 虎皮甙 A 调节淀粉样前体蛋白蛋白水解和 Tau 蛋白构象的生理平衡--计算与实验研究

Biology Pub Date : 2024-07-12 DOI: 10.3390/biology13070518

Suwakon Wongjaikam, Chutikorn Nopparat, Parichart Boontem, Jiraporn Panmanee, N. Thasana, M. Shukla, Piyarat Govitrapong

{"title":"Huperzine A Regulates the Physiological Homeostasis of Amyloid Precursor Protein Proteolysis and Tau Protein Conformation—A Computational and Experimental Investigation","authors":"Suwakon Wongjaikam, Chutikorn Nopparat, Parichart Boontem, Jiraporn Panmanee, N. Thasana, M. Shukla, Piyarat Govitrapong","doi":"10.3390/biology13070518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13070518","url":null,"abstract":"The beneficial actions of the natural compound Huperzine A (Hup A) against age-associated learning and memory deficits promote this compound as a nootropic agent. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathophysiology is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ). Toxic Aβ oligomers account for the cognitive dysfunctions much before the pathological lesions are manifested in the brain. In the present study, we investigated the effects of Hup A on amyloid precursor protein (APP) proteolysis in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Hup A downregulated the expression of β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) and presenilin 1 (PS1) levels but augmented the levels of A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 10 (ADAM10) with significant decrement in the Aβ levels. We herein report for the first time an in silico molecular docking analysis that revealed that Hup A binds to the functionally active site of BACE1. We further analyzed the effect of Hup A on glycogen synthase kinase-3 β (GSK3β) and phosphorylation status of tau. In this scenario, based on the current observations, we propose that Hup A is a potent regulator of APP processing and capable of modulating tau homeostasis under physiological conditions holding immense potential in preventing and treating AD like disorders.","PeriodicalId":504576,"journal":{"name":"Biology","volume":"64 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141654383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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