Coronaviruses最新文献

{"title":"Non-Invasive Specimen Collection in COVID-19 RT-PCR Testing: An Observational Study at an Indonesian Tertiary Hospital","authors":"Andika Chandra Putra, Jamal Zaini, R. A. Ningrum, A. Ridwanuloh, Herjuno Ari Nugroho, Ryan Haryo Setyawan, Idris, Ruby Setiawan, P. S. Sushadi, Ari Sulistyo Wulandari, A. Zannati, Indriawati, Eva Erdayani, Wahyuni, D. F. Agustiyanti, P. H. Wisnuwardhani, Zahrah Saniyyah, Budi Haryanto, A. R. H. Utomo, Novia Ayu Rahma Setyaputri","doi":"10.2174/0126667975302062240328050110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126667975302062240328050110","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000COVID-19 is a disease of SARS-CoV2 beta coronavirus infection. One way\u0000to control the progression of COVID-19 symptoms is a rapid and accurate diagnosis. The current\u0000gold standard of COVID-19 diagnostic method uses RT-PCR from nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs and\u0000sputum specimens.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000To assess the efficacy of saliva and rectal swabs as non-invasive alternatives to the conventional\u0000nasopharyngeal swab for RTPCR testing in COVID-19 diagnosis, with a focus on the potential\u0000benefits for healthcare providers and patient comfort.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This observational study was conducted with 80 confirmed cases at a tertiary hospital in\u0000Indonesia, the study compared RTPCR positivity rates among different collection methods.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A high positivity rate of 92% for nasopharyngeal swabs, with saliva and rectal swabs yielding\u000036% and 34%, respectively. Notably, the positivity rates for saliva and rectal samples increased\u0000to 60% and 50% when testing occurred between five to seven days post-symptom onset. Crucially, in\u0000older patients, both saliva and rectal swabs demonstrated higher positivity rates than in younger patients\u0000within the initial four days of symptom onset, with rates of 43% and 17%, respectively. Furthermore,\u0000a significant correlation was found between rectal swab positivity on day one and mortality\u0000in the older cohort, where lower Ct values on day seven were significantly associated with the\u0000deceased group.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000These findings support the potential of saliva and rectal swabs in predicting disease\u0000severity and patient outcomes, suggesting a safer and more convenient testing strategy for COVID-\u000019.\u0000","PeriodicalId":504431,"journal":{"name":"Coronaviruses","volume":"31 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140752598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biochemical and Familial Factors Influencing COVID-19 Disease\u0000Progression","authors":"Rıza Altunbaş, Aziz Batu, Adnan Türkel, Ali Akin, Umut Tendik","doi":"10.2174/0126667975291444240209050447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126667975291444240209050447","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000COVID-19 is a global pandemic that has caused significant mortality. The\u0000disease severity varies among individuals, and the factors influencing its course remain unclear. This\u0000study aimed to investigate the influence of biochemical parameters and familial data on COVID-19\u0000outcomes.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A retrospective analysis of 122 COVID-19 patients was conducted. Patients were categorized\u0000into two groups: outpatients with mild symptoms and those admitted to the intensive care unit\u0000(ICU) and intubated. Demographic data, biochemical levels of vitamin D, vitamin B12, and magnesium,\u0000and COVID-19 outcomes of first-, second-, and third-degree relatives were collected.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The ICU group had a higher proportion of males (75%) and older patients (average age:\u000063.18±12.89 years) than the outpatient group (40% males and an average age of 45.13±13.77 years).\u0000Both groups had similar BMI, vitamin D, and vitamin B12 levels. However, magnesium levels were\u0000significantly higher in the ICU group (mean 2.25±0.3 mg/dL) than in the outpatient group (mean:\u00001.98±0.2 mg/dL). A significant familial relationship was identified between COVID-19 outcomes\u0000and disease course. Among the ICU patients, 25% had first-degree relatives who died from COVID-\u000019, compared to only 10% of the outpatient patients. Similarly, second- and third-degree relatives of\u0000ICU patients had a higher mortality rate from COVID-19 than relatives of outpatient patients.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Age, gender, and magnesium levels may influence COVID-19 disease severity. Familial\u0000ties (genetic relatedness) may also play a role, suggesting potential genetic predisposition. Further\u0000research is needed to validate these findings and elucidate the underlying mechanisms\u0000","PeriodicalId":504431,"journal":{"name":"Coronaviruses","volume":"142 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139841060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biochemical and Familial Factors Influencing COVID-19 Disease\u0000Progression","authors":"Rıza Altunbaş, Aziz Batu, Adnan Türkel, Ali Akin, Umut Tendik","doi":"10.2174/0126667975291444240209050447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126667975291444240209050447","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000COVID-19 is a global pandemic that has caused significant mortality. The\u0000disease severity varies among individuals, and the factors influencing its course remain unclear. This\u0000study aimed to investigate the influence of biochemical parameters and familial data on COVID-19\u0000outcomes.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A retrospective analysis of 122 COVID-19 patients was conducted. Patients were categorized\u0000into two groups: outpatients with mild symptoms and those admitted to the intensive care unit\u0000(ICU) and intubated. Demographic data, biochemical levels of vitamin D, vitamin B12, and magnesium,\u0000and COVID-19 outcomes of first-, second-, and third-degree relatives were collected.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The ICU group had a higher proportion of males (75%) and older patients (average age:\u000063.18±12.89 years) than the outpatient group (40% males and an average age of 45.13±13.77 years).\u0000Both groups had similar BMI, vitamin D, and vitamin B12 levels. However, magnesium levels were\u0000significantly higher in the ICU group (mean 2.25±0.3 mg/dL) than in the outpatient group (mean:\u00001.98±0.2 mg/dL). A significant familial relationship was identified between COVID-19 outcomes\u0000and disease course. Among the ICU patients, 25% had first-degree relatives who died from COVID-\u000019, compared to only 10% of the outpatient patients. Similarly, second- and third-degree relatives of\u0000ICU patients had a higher mortality rate from COVID-19 than relatives of outpatient patients.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Age, gender, and magnesium levels may influence COVID-19 disease severity. Familial\u0000ties (genetic relatedness) may also play a role, suggesting potential genetic predisposition. Further\u0000research is needed to validate these findings and elucidate the underlying mechanisms\u0000","PeriodicalId":504431,"journal":{"name":"Coronaviruses","volume":"122 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139780842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparison Between the Photodynamic Action of “Hypocrellin A” and\u0000“Pheophorbide A” Against Bacteria and SARS-CoV-2 Virus --- A MiniReview","authors":"Siu Kan Law","doi":"10.2174/0126667975281056240131043212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126667975281056240131043212","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Hypocrellin A and Pheophorbide a are well-known organic chemicals that may be contained in herbal products. They can act as photosensitizers and have a strong photodynamic effect on\u0000bacteria. In any case, are these photosensitizers appropriate for photodynamic treatment against the\u0000SARS-CoV-2 infection? The principles of photodynamic therapy are the same regardless of the target. It causes selective cytotoxicity at the site of infection through activation of photosensitizer under\u0000light irradiation to generate cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to the death of infected\u0000cells. Is antimicrobial photodynamic therapy a good choice against the SARS-CoV-2 virus?\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Nine electronic databases were searched, including WanFang Data, PubMed, Science\u0000Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, Springer Link, SciFinder, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), regardless of term, and language restrictions. All eligible studies were analyzed\u0000and summarized in this review.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000“Hypocrellin A” and “Pheophorbide a” were effective for bacterial and SARS-CoV-2 in\u0000photodynamic therapy. 99.98 % of S. aureus was killed when incubated with the 10-3 M Hypocrellin\u0000A and illuminated a 490 nm in 30 mW/cm2 for 120 min. The difference was Pheophorbide a could\u0000also inhibit gram-negative bacteria, such as P. aeruginosa with a concentration of 1 µg/ml for 2 hr\u0000irradiated of a 671 nm laser in 0.3 W of 1 J, and a nearly 100 % suppression rate. “Hypocrellin A”\u0000and “Pheophorbide a” with antiviral activity, and virucidal effects for preventing and treating the\u0000infection.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Based on previous studies, “Hypocrellin A” and “Pheophorbide a” are photosensitizers\u0000used for photodynamic therapy against bacteria or SARS-CoV-2, however, much more works need\u0000to be done in the future including the development of a better way for systematic infectious disease,\u0000and its correlated infections for the application of photodynamic therapy.\u0000","PeriodicalId":504431,"journal":{"name":"Coronaviruses","volume":"54 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139844800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparison Between the Photodynamic Action of “Hypocrellin A” and\u0000“Pheophorbide A” Against Bacteria and SARS-CoV-2 Virus --- A MiniReview","authors":"Siu Kan Law","doi":"10.2174/0126667975281056240131043212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126667975281056240131043212","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Hypocrellin A and Pheophorbide a are well-known organic chemicals that may be contained in herbal products. They can act as photosensitizers and have a strong photodynamic effect on\u0000bacteria. In any case, are these photosensitizers appropriate for photodynamic treatment against the\u0000SARS-CoV-2 infection? The principles of photodynamic therapy are the same regardless of the target. It causes selective cytotoxicity at the site of infection through activation of photosensitizer under\u0000light irradiation to generate cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to the death of infected\u0000cells. Is antimicrobial photodynamic therapy a good choice against the SARS-CoV-2 virus?\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Nine electronic databases were searched, including WanFang Data, PubMed, Science\u0000Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, Springer Link, SciFinder, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), regardless of term, and language restrictions. All eligible studies were analyzed\u0000and summarized in this review.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000“Hypocrellin A” and “Pheophorbide a” were effective for bacterial and SARS-CoV-2 in\u0000photodynamic therapy. 99.98 % of S. aureus was killed when incubated with the 10-3 M Hypocrellin\u0000A and illuminated a 490 nm in 30 mW/cm2 for 120 min. The difference was Pheophorbide a could\u0000also inhibit gram-negative bacteria, such as P. aeruginosa with a concentration of 1 µg/ml for 2 hr\u0000irradiated of a 671 nm laser in 0.3 W of 1 J, and a nearly 100 % suppression rate. “Hypocrellin A”\u0000and “Pheophorbide a” with antiviral activity, and virucidal effects for preventing and treating the\u0000infection.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Based on previous studies, “Hypocrellin A” and “Pheophorbide a” are photosensitizers\u0000used for photodynamic therapy against bacteria or SARS-CoV-2, however, much more works need\u0000to be done in the future including the development of a better way for systematic infectious disease,\u0000and its correlated infections for the application of photodynamic therapy.\u0000","PeriodicalId":504431,"journal":{"name":"Coronaviruses","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139785012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Ferroptosis in COVID-19 Pathogenesis: Insights from Iron Metabolism and Lipid Peroxidation Markers","authors":"M. Alvandi, Seyed Hamid Hashemi, Z. Shaghaghi, Zeynab Marzhoseyni, Hamidreza Ghasemi-Basir, Mojdeh Mohammadi, A. Yazdi, Soghra Farzipour","doi":"10.2174/0126667975288661240123075201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126667975288661240123075201","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Ferroptosis is a form of programmed cell death characterized by the irondependent\u0000accumulation of lipid peroxides, leading to membrane damage and cell rupture. Several\u0000lines of evidence suggest that ferroptosis may contribute to the pathogenesis and severity of COVID-\u000019. This study aimed to measure iron metabolism and lipid peroxidation markers in COVID-19 patients\u0000to establish a direct link between ferroptosis and COVID-19.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In the present cross-sectional study, the serum levels of hemoglobin (Hb), ferritin, and iron,\u0000total iron binding capacity (TIBC), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH) were assessed\u0000in 100 COVID-19 patients diagnosed using Real-time PCR and compared to the levels in 100\u0000healthy individuals.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Our findings revealed a significant increase in serum levels of ferritin and MDA in COVID-\u000019 patients compared to control subjects. Conversely, TIBC, Hb, Iron, and GSH levels were lower in\u0000COVID-19 patients than in control.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Our study provides further evidence supporting the significance of ferroptosis in the\u0000pathogenesis of COVID-19. Further research aimed at elucidating the exact role of ferroptosis in\u0000COVID-19 is warranted, as it may lead to improved strategies for mitigating multi-organ dysfunction\u0000associated with this disease.\u0000","PeriodicalId":504431,"journal":{"name":"Coronaviruses","volume":"56 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139965587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of OTC and Prescribed Drugs Working Against COVID-19 Symptoms in the Context of Humans and Surrounding: A Brief Report on\u0000Medications Taken by Patients","authors":"Kajal Nagpal, Ashwani Dhingra, Uditi Handa, Geeta Deswal, P. Kriplani, Kumar Guarve, Anuj Malik, Fatimah Jan, Abhilasha Dubey","doi":"10.2174/0126667975282230240125113214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126667975282230240125113214","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Coronaviruses are the genetic series of RNA viruses that infect both organisms\u0000mammals and birds. Different varieties of illnesses shown in humans as well as in birds are the\u0000most common causes ranging from minor to fatal. Common colds which are included in mild and\u0000SARS, MERS, and COVID-19 are caused by fatal. After cell entry, the release of RNA into the cytoplasm\u0000occurs, which translates viral proteins followed by processed replication.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The survey was based on a comparison study between the purchase of OTC and prescribed\u0000drugs for COVID-19 symptoms, including the volume of pharmacies from different zones of\u0000Yamunanagar district, Haryana.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The analytical survey involves the different zones of Yamunanagar the pharmacist used in\u0000this report. The numerical data is gathered in a methodical investigation which leads to quantitative\u0000research. The data investigation was performed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences\u0000(SPSS) version 20.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The north zone area mostly suffered from the COVID-19 pandemic condition from January\u00002021 to June 2021 in Yamunanagar and found that most of the OTC drugs purchased by consumers\u0000were paracetamol (PCM) and Prescribed drugs (HQCS + Azithromycin) by the public regarding\u0000covid-19 symptoms.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The outcome of this case report reveals that no statistically significant difference exists\u0000between the population parameter and sample statistics while the comparison retained the null hypothesis\u0000in different zones of Yamunanagar (Haryana), India including the volume of pharmacy and\u0000drug category.\u0000","PeriodicalId":504431,"journal":{"name":"Coronaviruses","volume":"59 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139966727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influential Factors Related to Patient Hospitalization Due to COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Malihe Pouredalati, Elham Sharifpoor, N. Dastyar, Abolfazl Hosseinnataj, Fateme Khajoie, Atefeh Ahmadi, Mehdi Shafiei-Bafti","doi":"10.2174/0126667975285430240123092043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126667975285430240123092043","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000This study aimed to determine the factors related to hospitalization associated with\u0000COVID-19.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A total of 1000 patients with confirmed COVID-19 by positive PCR test participated in this\u0000study. They were randomly selected from positive test patients during this time. They or their firstdegree\u0000relatives were contacted over the phone and were asked the questions of the checklist regarding\u0000socio-demographics and factors related to the period of the COVID-19 pandemic, symptoms of\u0000recent infection with COVID-19, and probable factors affecting patients’ hospitalization. Mean and\u0000standard deviation were used for describing quantitative variables and frequency (percent) of qualitative\u0000variables. Moreover, logistic regression was applied to determine influential factors related to\u0000patients’ hospitalization due to COVID-19.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The mean age of the patients was 46.66±17.39, and 53.6% were men. Moreover, 65.6%\u0000suffered from chronic diseases. Cough, nausea, chest pain, and fever were the most common symptoms,\u0000which were found in more than 50% of patients. It was found that the chances of hospitalization\u0000increased with older ages, having more children, addiction of the patient or spouse, job other\u0000than health care provider, not regularly using dairy products, not consuming supplements, recent\u0000stressful life events, not obeying physical distancing and hospitalization or dead of family members\u0000from COVID-19 during patient’s infection.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Age, number of children, self-addiction or spouse addiction, job, dairy products or supplement\u0000consumption, encountering stressful life events, social distancing, and status of COVID-19\u0000in family members were found to be influential factors in the hospitalization during infection by\u0000COVID-19. People with risk of hospitalization can benefit from modifying their life styles and preventive\u0000interventions.\u0000","PeriodicalId":504431,"journal":{"name":"Coronaviruses","volume":"20 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139965942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Small Interference RNA Encapsulated in Liposomes: An Effective Strategy for In vitro Inhibition of Sars-CoV-2 Load","authors":"João Pedro Viana Rodrigues, Vanessa Pinheiro Gonçalves, Francisco Dantas Lourenço, Ronaldo Bragança Martins, Felipe Rocha do Nascimento, E. Arruda, Larissa Deadame de Figueiredo Nicolete, Roberto Nicolete","doi":"10.2174/0126667975279621240124115409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126667975279621240124115409","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The pressing need for effective SARS-CoV-2 antiviral medicines has driven\u0000research into innovative therapeutic techniques. RNA interference with small interfering RNAs\u0000(siRNAs) has shown promise as an antiviral treatment.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000We evaluated the effectiveness of lipid-based nanoparticles as a viable delivery platform\u0000for siRNA-based approach against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro infection.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Liposomes were fabricated by microfluidics to incorporate SARS-CoV-2-specific siRNAs\u0000based on conserved sections of the Spike protein coding sequence. Nanoparticle tracking analysis\u0000was used to evaluate the nanoparticles' physicochemical features. VERO cell lines infected with\u0000SARS-CoV-2 were used to test the efficiency of siRNA-loaded liposomes. RT-PCR was used to\u0000determine the viral load by quantifying the SARS-CoV-2 genome.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The results showed that liposomes efficiently decreased viral load in infected cells with\u0000good physicochemical features, such as a mean particle size of about 180 nm, zeta potential of +2.5\u0000mV and encapsulation efficiency (53.6%).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000These findings imply that lipid-based nanoparticles might be a targeted delivery strategy\u0000for siRNA-based approaches.\u0000","PeriodicalId":504431,"journal":{"name":"Coronaviruses","volume":"57 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139966082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}