Asian Journal of Agricultural and Horticultural Research最新文献

{"title":"Delving into Chemical Control Options for Bacterial Canker (Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis) in Tomatoes: An In-vitro Study","authors":"Monteiro F. P., Valmorbida J., Mallmann G., Ogoshi C., Wamser A. F., Lins Jr J. C., Hahn L.","doi":"10.9734/ajahr/2024/v11i3325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajahr/2024/v11i3325","url":null,"abstract":"The 2022/2023 tomato crop witnessed the emergence of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis in a tomato field, leading to symptoms resembling bacterial canker. Identification of the suspected bacterium, C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, utilized specific primers (CMM5 and CMM6) for PCR reaction, resulting in a 614 bp fragment. Several fungicides and bactericides were tested for their ability to control bacterial growth in Petri dishes. Fungicides and bactericides that completely inhibit the bacterial growth in Petri dishes included benzalkonium chloride (250 mg a.i./L), copper oxychloride (1680 mg a.i./L with 1000 mg metallic copper/L), copper hydroxide (2764 mg a.i./L with 1800 mg metallic copper/L), fluazinam (500 µL a.i./L), difenoconazole + pidiflumetofen (200 + 120 µL a.i./L), cuprous oxide (1344 mg a.i./L with 1200 mg metallic copper /L), mancozeb + famoxadone (1000 + 100 mg a.i./L), mancozeb (4000 mg a.i./L) and metiram + pyraclostrobin (2200 + 200 mg a.i./L). The packaged dose of casugamycin (60 µL a.i./L) failed to completely inhibit C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis growth, necessitating doses exceeding 140 µL a.i./L for complete inhibition. Only at a dosage of 140 µL a.i./L was there no observable growth on the Petri dish containing YDC. Label doses of casugamycin did not prevent the growth of any bacteria, albeit partially controlling Clavibacter and Pectobacterium populations. At the dose of 140 µL a.i./L, the sole bacterium that proliferated was Xanthomonas hortorum pv. gardneri. The other bacteria were included in this study focusing on Clavibacter solely to understand the effect of certain products on other important bacteria in tomato cultivation. The active ingredients, difenoconazole + pidiflumetofen (200 + 120 µL/L active ingredient) and fluazinam (500 µL/L active ingredient) effectively suppressed C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis growth. The study indicates that various tested fungicides and bactericides were effective in curbing C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis growth under laboratory conditions. Nonetheless, efficacy may fluctuate based on dose and specific product used. Further research, including field trials, is imperative to evaluate product efficacy under real-world conditions and devise comprehensive management strategies for tomato bacterial canker control.","PeriodicalId":504412,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agricultural and Horticultural Research","volume":"36 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141358940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Fungicides and Plant Extracts against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. batatas Incitant of Fusarium Wilt of Sweet Potato (Ipomeae batatas L.)","authors":"Haruna, S. G., Muhammad, A. I., Adamu, S. H., Ahmed, S.","doi":"10.9734/ajahr/2024/v11i2323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajahr/2024/v11i2323","url":null,"abstract":"In vitro experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of some fungicides and some plant extracts against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. batatas (Fob). The experiments were conducted in the Plant Pathology Laboratory of the Department of Crop Protection, Bayero University Kano. Three fungicides (Mancozeb, Hexaconazole and Metalaxyl + coprous oxide) and sterile distilled water as control were arranged in a completely randomized design. The treatments were repeated five times. Mancozeb as the most promising fungicide against the fungus was used as a check, other treatments include; 25% aqueous neem leaf extract, 50% aqueous neem leaf extract,  25% aqueous garlic bulb extract, 50% aqueous garlic bulb extract, 25% aqueous callotropis leaf extract, 50% callotropis leaf extract and control. The treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design and repeated thrice. Data on radial growth and percent growth inhibition of the fungus were recorded and subjected to analysis of variance using GenStat 17th Edition. Among the fungicides tested against Fob, Mancozeb significantly had the least radial growth (13mm) and inhibited growth of the pathogen by 71.1% compared to the other fungicides. Bioassay on plant extracts revealed least radial growth of the fungus (36.7mm) and highest percent growth inhibition (43.5%) when 50% aqueous neem leaf extract was used. This differed significantly with the use of 25% aqueous neem leaf extract which caused 39.3 mm radial growth of the fungus and inhibited growth by 38.5%. This was followed by 50% and 25% callotropis leaf extract, respectively with lower fungal growth and higher percent growth inhibition compared to aqueous garlic bulb extract at the different concentrations, exhibiting similar effect on the growth of the fungus and its inhibition. Aqueous neem leaf extract (50%) contained higher phytochemicals than the other botanical extracts at the different concentrations. These phytochemicals are responsible for better suppression of Fob. Application of 50% aqueous neem leaf extract could be further evaluated as potential bio-pesticide to supplement the use of fungicide against Fusarium wilt of sweet potato.","PeriodicalId":504412,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agricultural and Horticultural Research","volume":" 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141363873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vivo Studies on the Effect of Warburgia ugandensis Crude Extracts Against Bacterial wilt in Tomato","authors":"Oliver Libese Lideke, Eric G. Mworia, Cynthia N. Mugo Mwenda","doi":"10.9734/ajahr/2024/v11i3324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajahr/2024/v11i3324","url":null,"abstract":"Tomato plants are susceptible to Ralstonia solanacearum, a pathogen responsible for bacterial wilt, a severe soil-borne disease with no available cure. Warburgia ugandensis crude extract has shown biocontrol capabilities against pathogenic fungi and bacteria in animals, but data on its effectiveness in plants is limited. The current study was done to evaluate the in vivo efficacy of W. ugandensis crude extracts against R. solanacearum in tomato plants. W. ugandensis leaf and stem bark crude extracts were obtained using ethanol, methanol, hexane, and dichloromethane. The obtained crude extracts were tested against R. solanacearum in tomato at the greenhouse in triplicate. The data collected on bacterial wilt incidence, severity, stem diameter, height, and the number of branches and fruits set were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) at a 5% significance level. Tukey’s test was employed to determine significant differences between means at the same significance level. Tomato plants established in soil inoculated with R. solanacearum and treated with dichloromethane crude extract of W. ugandensis stem bark showed no sign of bacterial wilt disease and were comparable to the positive control. Tomato plants established in soil inoculated with R. solanacearum but treated with W. ugandensis leaf ethanol crude extract had the highest average height of 62.50 cm which was similar to positive control. Tomato plants grown in R. solanacearum-inoculated soils and treated with methanol crude extracts from W. ugandensis stem bark produced a significantly higher average number of fruits, 22.00, compared to those treated with crude extracts from other solvents. The study proposed that W. ugandensis crude extract has the ability to be used as antibacterial biocontrol against R. solanacearum. Further research is important to determine the bioactive compounds against R. solanacearum.","PeriodicalId":504412,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agricultural and Horticultural Research","volume":"120 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141361946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Varying Level of Nitrogen and Spacing on the Yield of Boro Rice Cv. BRRI Dhan47","authors":"Nice Afroz, A.I. Mitu, Jesmin Zaman, S. A. Zomo, Md. Omar Kayess","doi":"10.9734/ajahr/2024/v11i2322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajahr/2024/v11i2322","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, during the period from November 2008 to April 2009 to study the effect of nitrogen and spacing on the yield of Boro rice cv. BRRI dhan47. The experiment consisted of four levels of nitrogen, viz. 0, 80, 100, and 120 kg N ha-1, and four spacings, viz. 25 cm × 10 cm, 25 cm × 15 cm, 25 cm × 20 cm, and 25 cm × 25 cm. The experiment was laid out in a randomized, complete block design with three replications. The interaction between different levels of N and spacing significantly influenced most of the studied characters. The highest number of total tillers hill-1 (14.67), number of non-effective tillers hill-1 (4.80 sterile spikelets panicle-1 (20.97), spikelts panicle-1 (165.55), and straw yield (7.07 t ha-1) were obtained from the interaction of 120 kg N ha-1 with 25 cm × 25 cm spacing. The uppermost number of effective tillers hill-1 (11.67), grain yield (5.86 t ha-1), biological yield (12.62 t ha-1), and harvest index (46.42%) were obtained from the interaction of 100 kg N ha-1 with 25 cm × 15 cm. The control nitrogen with 25 cm × 10 cm spacing and 25 cm × 15 cm spacing gave the worst combined result in most of the cases. Overall, the treatment combination of 100 kg N ha-1 with 25 cm × 15 cm spacing gave the best desirable output, hence it should be recommended for field application.","PeriodicalId":504412,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agricultural and Horticultural Research","volume":"7 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141381879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Smart Irrigation Water Application System Based on Arduino Platform","authors":"Oladipo, I. O., Ajewole, P. O.","doi":"10.9734/ajahr/2024/v11i2320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajahr/2024/v11i2320","url":null,"abstract":"Water wastage, erosion, and crop water oversaturation has always been a problem associated with irrigation practice in Nigeria. A smart irrigation system based on Arduino platform was developed in this research to address this problem. The objective of the system is to automate water application to crops and at the same time optimize the use of water resources. The system consists of an Arduino module, data logger, LCD display, water pumps, water storage, moisture sensor, USB connector, and battery. A C++ program was written for the Arduino board so sense the moisture content of the soil, deter mine the wetness status and power the pumps for water application. The results of testing the system shows that the optimal use of irrigation water by the smart irrigation system was 97% more efficient than the traditional system and it can conveniently do irrigation at the rate of 0.063m3/ha. The system is recommended for large scale use especially for dry season farming.","PeriodicalId":504412,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agricultural and Horticultural Research","volume":"12 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140984103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Magnetic Strength of the Water Salinity Treatment Devices on Salt Accumulation in the Root Zoon and Its Impact on Growth and Productivity of Olive Trees","authors":"S. Abdelwahed, Mohamed Ebrahim Hassan Farag, Mohamed Ahmed Youssef","doi":"10.9734/ajahr/2024/v11i2319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajahr/2024/v11i2319","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted during the two successive seasons 2022 and 2023 at Wadi El-Natron west Nile Delta (EL-Behera governorate) to evaluate three commercial magnetic devices “Water magnetizers” of different manufacturers (Nefertari Biomagnetic 6000 Gauss, Magnolith 8000 Gauss, Delta Water 14000 Gauss), and to figure out which is more effective to reduce the negative effect of irrigating olive trees with saline water. The study examined the effect on vegetative growth, leaf mineral contents, leaf chlorophyll content, leaf proline content, and relative water content of Manzanillo olive trees. The experiment confirmed that olive trees can be irrigated with water containing 3500 ppm without causing high salt stress. Data also showed a positive effect of magnetically treated water on all vegetative growth characters (growth rate, stem diameter, number of green leaves), an increase in all elements content in experimental plant leaves except sodium and chloride, an increase in leaf chlorophyll content, decreased leaf proline content and increase relative water content. In terms of determining whether commercial devices are more effective than others, the Magnolith has been demonstrated to achieve the best results when compared to other devices, in most cases the difference between using \"Delta Water\" or \"Nefertari\" was not big enough to be significant. \"Nefertari\" recorded almost the lowest values of the studied vegetative growth characters, leaf chlorophyll, and relative water content. This indicates that the strength of the magnets alone is not the only thing that affects how well the device works; furthermore, it depends also on how the magnetic fields are configured and the manufacturing expertise.","PeriodicalId":504412,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agricultural and Horticultural Research","volume":"152 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141001779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Farm Partial Budget Analysis of Onion (Allium Cepa L.) for the Application of Nitrogen and Spacing in Southern Tigray, Ethiopia","authors":"Abrhaley Shelema, G. Hruy, Berhan Mengesha","doi":"10.9734/ajahr/2024/v11i2318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajahr/2024/v11i2318","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to assess the economic viability of onion production under varying nitrogen fertilizer rates and intra-row spacing in the study area using partial budget analysis. The experiment employed a factorial arrangement in a randomized complete block design, conducted at Alamata Agricultural Research Center in Kara Adishabo in 2020. Experimental treatments included nitrogen fertilizer rates (0, 23, 46, 69, and 92 Kg N ha-1) and intra-row spacing (5, 10, and 15 cm) with three replications. The partial budget analysis indicated that the treatment combination of 69 kg N ha-1  and 5 cm intra-row spacing yielded the highest net benefit of birr 642602.3. However, based on the marginal rate of return, the recommendation of 46 Kg N ha-1 and 15 cm intra-row spacing, which had a lower net benefit, was rejected after residual analysis. Consequently, the recommended treatment combination is 69 Kg N ha-1 and 5 cm of intra-row spacing, contrary to the previous recommendation. Onion cultivation is a significant economic activity in the southern zone, playing a crucial role in the livelihoods of smallholder farmers. Consequently, understanding the production costs and analyzing the financial profitability of this on-farm business is essential in the study area to enhance crop productivity.","PeriodicalId":504412,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agricultural and Horticultural Research","volume":"27 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141019716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the Ecological Value of Pioneer Plants in the Yellow River Basin","authors":"Huang Jing, Jingqi Sun, Yongqing Li, Jiang Lihua, Qiuyue He, Li Jing","doi":"10.9734/ajahr/2024/v11i1308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajahr/2024/v11i1308","url":null,"abstract":"Pioneer plants are plant species that appear early in the community succession or show strong adaptability, which can improve the local ecological environment and create conditions for the succession and recovery of other plants and animals. After analyzing the general situation in the Yellow River Basin, this paper explores the main ecological values of pioneer plants, such as treatment of salt-alkali land, soil and water conservation, improvement of soil quality, community succession and biodiversity promotion. Also, typical cases of pioneer plants used for treatment and restoration in ecologically fragile areas such as Shanxi-Shaanxi-Inner Mongolia Pisha sandstone area, coastal saline-alkali land, abandoned mine pits in Yellow River Basin are introduced and analyzed to provide a theoretical basis for further embodying the ecological function of pioneer plants in the Yellow River Basin.","PeriodicalId":504412,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agricultural and Horticultural Research","volume":"91 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140079938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the Potential of Conservation Agriculture towards Improving Food Security and Sustainability of Natural Resources in Chongwe District of Lusaka","authors":"Mwape E. Chisenga, Morgan M. Mwamba, Felix Banda, Ndui Lubasi, Kondwani Banda, Choolwe N. Hichilema, Sydney Mubita, Maurice Ngonga, M. Muchanga","doi":"10.9734/ajahr/2024/v11i1302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajahr/2024/v11i1302","url":null,"abstract":"Conservation agriculture (CA) represents a promising solution to the challenges faced by smallholder farmers in Chongwe District. This paper outlines the potential benefits of CA, including increased crop yields, improved food production, reduced input costs, and enhanced nutritional quality and diversity of food crops. Policymakers, agricultural extension services, and development organizations need to prioritize the promotion and adoption of CA practices, providing support for training, capacity building, and access to resources for farmers. The paper also calls for targeted interventions to raise awareness about the benefits of CA, address misconceptions, and integrate CA principles into agricultural policies and programs. By prioritizing and supporting the shift towards CA, stakeholders can contribute to creating a more resilient and sustainable agricultural system that benefits farmers.","PeriodicalId":504412,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agricultural and Horticultural Research","volume":"79 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139526491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and Inoculation Effect of Trichoderma reesei on Growth and Yield of Barley","authors":"Munazah Ahad, Ram Prakash Pandey","doi":"10.9734/ajahr/2024/v11i1299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajahr/2024/v11i1299","url":null,"abstract":"In today’s world, usage of chemical fertilizers has become necessity for betterment of crop yield; however they have negative impact on the environment, quality of soil and human health. Therefore, involvement of substitute for chemical fertilizers is an essential requirement of present time. Plant growth promoting fungi (PGPF) serves as a best alternative in place of chemicals to enhance plant growth, crop productivity and improve nutrients availability for plants. They also show an involvement in ceasing growth of plant pathogens, hence acting as a bio control agent. The aim of our study is to screen and examine plant growth promoting fungi effect on barley crop. A total seven fungal strains were isolated from wheat rhizosphere. The isolated fungal strains were screened for their In vitro plant growth promotional traits. Among total, one isolate 14F found positive for five different plant growth promoting traits. This isolate was further identified at molecular level by amplification and sequencing of ITS gene region and was identified as Trichoderma reesei. Trichoderma reesei was inoculated with barley seeds and its effects were analyzed. Significant increase was observed in terms of plant height (root length and shoot length), plant weight (Dry and wet weight) as compared to un-inoculated plants. This Trichoderma strain could become a fantastic bio-fertilizer for sustainable agriculture.","PeriodicalId":504412,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agricultural and Horticultural Research","volume":"65 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139449140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}