Formal Aspects of Computing最新文献_第2页

The concept of class invariant in object-oriented programming 面向对象程序设计中的类不变概念

IF 1 4区计算机科学

Formal Aspects of Computing Pub Date : 2024-01-24 DOI: 10.1145/3626201

Bertrand Meyer, Alisa Arkadova, Alexander Kogtenkov

引用次数: 0

The Clinical Picture of Otosclerosis and the Surgery Effect on Bone Conduction Thresholds on Audiograms. 耳硬化的临床表现及手术对听力图骨传导阈值的影响。

IF 0.6 4区计算机科学

Formal Aspects of Computing Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-12 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-023-04034-3

Louei Darjazini Nahas, Mouhammad Trabulsi, Rama Alsawah, Ahmad Hamsho, Mohammad Sadek Al-Masalmeh, Abdullah Omar

{"title":"The Clinical Picture of Otosclerosis and the Surgery Effect on Bone Conduction Thresholds on Audiograms.","authors":"Louei Darjazini Nahas, Mouhammad Trabulsi, Rama Alsawah, Ahmad Hamsho, Mohammad Sadek Al-Masalmeh, Abdullah Omar","doi":"10.1007/s12070-023-04034-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12070-023-04034-3","url":null,"abstract":"Our study aims to illustrate the clinical picture of otosclerosis in patients and the effect of surgery on the bone conduction thresholds compared to audiometry tests before surgery. A retrospective study included 36 patients that fit the inclusion criteria based on the patient's files and Pure Tone Audiometry of the patients before and after surgery. The questionnaire used is attached at the end of the study. According to Our sample, 77.8% were females, and 22.2% were males. The youngest was 17 years old, the eldest was 61, and the mean age was 38.2 years old. Hearing loss was the most common symptom in 100% of patients, while tinnitus was found in 66.7% and vertigo in 11%. The Injury was bilateral in 72% of the cases. Before surgery, the mean air conduction threshold (ACT) was 54.7 dB, the mean value of the air-bone gap (ABG) was 38.3 dB, and the mean bone conduction threshold (BCT) was 16.1 dB. Meanwhile, after the surgery, the mean BCT was 18.2 dB. Otosclerosis is more common in middle-aged females. Most cases are bilateral. Two-thirds of the cases of hearing loss were associated with tinnitus, while only a few had vertigo. A slight increase was noticed in BCTs after surgeries, especially at 4000 Hz. Stapedectomy caused a noticeable decrease in the values of BCTs on the frequency 4000 Hz. Stapedotomy improved the BCTs after surgery by about 5.3 dB at 4000 Hz.","PeriodicalId":50432,"journal":{"name":"Formal Aspects of Computing","volume":"25 1","pages":"3628-3635"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10645766/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74000367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

iStar Goal Model to Z Formal Model Translation and Model Checking of CBTC Moving Block Interlocking System CBTC移动块联锁系统的iStar目标模型到Z形式模型的转换与模型检验

IF 1 4区计算机科学

Formal Aspects of Computing Pub Date : 2023-11-27 DOI: 10.1145/3633065

Lokanna Kadakolmath, Umesh D. Ramu

{"title":"iStar Goal Model to Z Formal Model Translation and Model Checking of CBTC Moving Block Interlocking System","authors":"Lokanna Kadakolmath, Umesh D. Ramu","doi":"10.1145/3633065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3633065","url":null,"abstract":"The reliability and safety of complex software systems are provided by extracting safety requirements from regulations and operational environments and later specifying these requirements precisely. At the early stage, these extracted safety requirements are informal. Typically, they cope with non-functional requirements. Analysis of early requirements using traditional methods is inadequate because these methods only focus on the WHAT dimension of requirements engineering but do not address the WHY dimension of requirements engineering. In this article, we are using a goal-oriented modelling method called iStar to confront these issues. To ensure that the software system developed fulfils the requirements specified in the early-phase, it is necessary to integrate early-phase requirements with late-phase requirements. To accomplish this task, in this article, we use Z formal method to integrate early-phase requirements with late-phase requirements. This integration synergistically resolves the above issues. As a case study, we use the CBTC moving block interlocking system to illustrate the synergy of the iStar and Z combination on complex software systems. Finally, we verify the developed formal model against LTL safety properties using the ProZ model checking tool.","PeriodicalId":50432,"journal":{"name":"Formal Aspects of Computing","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138517746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

State machines for large scale computer software and systems 用于大型计算机软件和系统的状态机

IF 1 4区计算机科学

Formal Aspects of Computing Pub Date : 2023-11-22 DOI: 10.1145/3633786

Victor Yodaiken

{"title":"State machines for large scale computer software and systems","authors":"Victor Yodaiken","doi":"10.1145/3633786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3633786","url":null,"abstract":"The behavior and architecture of large scale discrete state systems found in computer software and hardware can be specified and analyzed using a particular class of primitive recursive functions. This paper begins with an illustration of the utility of the method via a number of small examples and then via longer specification and verification of the ”Paxos” distributed consensus algorithm[26]. The “sequence maps” are then shown to provide an alternative representation of deterministic state machines and algebraic products of state machines. Distributed and composite systems, parallel and concurrent computation, and real-time behavior can all be specified naturally with these methods - which require neither extensions to the classical state machine model nor any axiomatic methods or other techniques from formal logic or other foundational methods. Compared to state diagrams or tables or the standard set-tuple-transition-maps, sequence maps are more concise and better suited to describing the behavior and compositional architecture of computer systems. Staying strictly within the boundaries of classical deterministic state machines anchors the methods to the algebraic structures of automata and makes the specifications faithful to engineering practice.","PeriodicalId":50432,"journal":{"name":"Formal Aspects of Computing","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138517752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Introduction to the Special Collection from FASE 2021 FASE 2021特别收藏简介

4区计算机科学

Formal Aspects of Computing Pub Date : 2023-09-30 DOI: 10.1145/3626206

Esther Guerra, Mariëlle Stoelinga

引用次数: 0

Rooted Divergence-Preserving Branching Bisimilarity is a Congruence for Guarded CCS 根发散-保持分支双相似是一种有保护的CCS的同余

4区计算机科学

Formal Aspects of Computing Pub Date : 2023-09-29 DOI: 10.1145/3625564

Quan Sun, David N. Jansen, Xinxin Liu, Wei Zhang

引用次数: 0

RoboWorld: verification of robotic systems with environment in the loop 机器人世界:环境在循环中的机器人系统的验证

4区计算机科学

Formal Aspects of Computing Pub Date : 2023-09-27 DOI: 10.1145/3625563

James Baxter, Gustavo Carvalho, Ana Cavalcanti, Francisco Rodrigues Júnior

引用次数: 0

Introduction to the Special Collection from iFM 2022 iFM 2022特别收藏简介

4区计算机科学

Formal Aspects of Computing Pub Date : 2023-09-26 DOI: 10.1145/3622995

Rosemary Monahan, Maurice H. ter Beek

引用次数: 0

Compositional Analysis of Probabilistic Timed Graph Transformation Systems 概率定时图变换系统的组成分析

4区计算机科学

Formal Aspects of Computing Pub Date : 2023-09-13 DOI: 10.1145/3572782

Maria Maximova, Sven Schneider, Holger Giese

{"title":"Compositional Analysis of Probabilistic Timed Graph Transformation Systems","authors":"Maria Maximova, Sven Schneider, Holger Giese","doi":"10.1145/3572782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3572782","url":null,"abstract":"The analysis of behavioral models is of high importance for cyber-physical systems, as the systems often encompass complex behavior based on, e.g., concurrent components with mutual exclusion or probabilistic failures on demand. The rule-based formalism of Probabilistic Timed Graph Transformation Systems (PTGTSs) is a suitable choice when the models representing states of the system can be understood as graphs and timed and probabilistic behavior is important. However, model checking PTGTSs is limited to systems with rather small state spaces. We present an approach for the analysis of large-scale systems modeled as PTGTSs by systematically decomposing their state spaces into manageable fragments. To obtain qualitative and quantitative analysis results for a large-scale system, we verify that results obtained for its fragments serve as overapproximations for the corresponding results of the large-scale system. Hence, our approach allows for the detection of violations of qualitative and quantitative safety properties for the large-scale system under analysis. We consider a running example in which shuttles drive on tracks of a large-scale topology and autonomously coordinate their local behavior with other shuttles nearby. For this running example, we verify that (a) shuttles can always make the expected forward progress using several properties, (b) shuttles never collide, and (c) shuttles are unlikely to execute emergency brakes in two scenarios. In our evaluation, we apply an implementation of our approach in the tool AutoGraph to our running example.","PeriodicalId":50432,"journal":{"name":"Formal Aspects of Computing","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134989485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Refinement-Based Specification and Analysis of Multi-Core ARINC 653 Using Event-B 基于Event-B的多核arinc653细化规范与分析

IF 1 4区计算机科学

Formal Aspects of Computing Pub Date : 2023-08-21 DOI: 10.1145/3617183

Zhang Feng, Leping Zhang, Yongwang Zhao, Liu Yang, Sun Jun

引用次数: 0