Journal of Agricultural Science最新文献

{"title":"Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Agricultural Science, Vol. 16, No. 8","authors":"A. Brown","doi":"10.5539/jas.v16n8p117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v16n8p117","url":null,"abstract":"Reviewer acknowledgements for Journal of Agricultural Science, Vol. 16, No. 8, 2024.","PeriodicalId":503786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":"52 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141648968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Once in Three-Year Deep-Banding and Annual Shallow-Banding of P, K and Cu Fertilizer Effects on Crops and Soil Nutrients","authors":"K. S. Gill, G. Dhillon, Jan J. Slaski, Ken Coles, Michael R. Gretzinger, Shelleen Gerbig, Vance Yaremko","doi":"10.5539/jas.v16n8p1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v16n8p1","url":null,"abstract":"Deep-banding of the immobile nutrients (P, K, and Cu) is considered one technique that may improve crop production under temperate dryland systems, where moister soil conditions prevail at seeding followed by relatively drier soil during the growing period. The objectives were to compare growth and yield of canola (Brassica napus L.), field pea’s (Pisum sativum L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.); and nutrient concentrations in crops and soil from once in three-year deep-banding (12.5-15 cm) and annual shallow-banding (3.75 to 5 cm diagonally deeper than seeding depth) of P, K and Cu under direct seeding systems. \u0000 \u0000Small plot trials were conducted at the three sites; representing Brown (Dark Brown Chernozem), Black (Black Chernozem), and Grey (Dark Grey Luvisol) soil zones in Alberta, Canada; which represent crop growing conditions for most areas of western Canada. The nine treatments were annual shallow-banding and once in three year deep-banding of P, K, Cu and PKCU nutrients plus a control (no P, K, or Cu fertilizer). Applied thrice the recommended rate for deep-banding (in 2018) treatments and the recommended rate for the annual shallow-banding treatments in 2018, 2019 and 2020. All three phases of pea’s-wheat-canola rotation were grown at each site to generate nine years of data for each crop. \u0000 \u0000The density, height, NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index) and biomass of plants, yield for crops and nutrient concentrations in seed and biomass of crops and soil showed significantly positive responses to P, K, and PKCu additions in some cases; generally not linked to the deep or shallow placement of tested nutrients. Changes in nutrient concentrations in seed and biomass of crops in response to nutrient additions were not consistent. Treatments with P showed response more often than with the K and Cu. The soil P and Cu concentrations increased in response to their additions in some cases, but no change was observed from the K addition. Once in three-year deep-banding or annual shallow-banding methods were equally effective. The findings provide another option (once in three year deep-banding) for applying the P, K and Cu fertilizers.","PeriodicalId":503786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":"30 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141647613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biologically Effective Dose of Diflufenican for the Control of Multiple Herbicide-Resistant Waterhemp in Soybean","authors":"N. Soltani, C. Willemse, P. Sikkema","doi":"10.5539/jas.v16n8p42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v16n8p42","url":null,"abstract":"Waterhemp biotypes have evolved resistance to Weed Science Society of America (WSSA) Herbicide Groups 2, 5, 9, 14, and 27 in Ontario Canada, are present in 15 counties, spanning a distance of 800 km across southern Ontario, and cause an average soybean yield loss of 42%. Five field experiments were established in growers’ fields in southwestern Ontario to determine the biologically effective doses of diflufenican (Group 12) applied preemergence (PRE) to control multiple herbicide-resistant waterhemp in soybean. The calculated diflufenican doses to elicit 50, 80, and 95% control of MHR waterhemp were 71, 164, and 304 g ai ha-1 at 2 weeks after herbicide application (WAA); 50, 115, and 214 g ai ha-1 at 4 WAA; and 69, 158, and 294 g ai ha-1 at 8 WAA, respectively. The calculated diflufenican doses that caused a 50, 80, and 95% reduction in MHR waterhemp density were 28, 70, and Non-est. g ai ha-1 and the doses that caused a 50, 80, and 95% reduction in MHR waterhemp biomass were 44, 109, and Non-est. g ai ha-1, respectively. The calculated diflufenican doses that resulted in 50, 80, and 95% of the soybean yield of the industry standard herbicide (flumioxazin/pyroxasulfone) were 3, 12, and 57 g ai ha-1, respectively. Diflufenican (180 g ai ha-1) PRE controlled MHR waterhemp 89, 92, and 85%; metribuzin (300 g ai ha-1) PRE controlled MHR waterhemp 94, 84, and 69%; and flumioxazin/pyroxasulfone (105/134 g ai ha-1) PRE controlled MHR waterhemp 100, 99, and 98% at 2, 4, and 8 WAA, respectively. Diflufenican, metribuzin, and flumioxazin/pyroxasulfone applied PRE reduced MHR waterhemp density 96, 84, and 100% and biomass 93, 67, and 99%, respectively at 8 WAA. Diflufenican, metribuzin, and flumioxazin/pyroxasulfone applied PRE caused 9, 0, and 4% visible soybean injury, respectively but the injury was transient and caused no adverse effect on seed moisture content or seed yield of soybean. This study concludes that diflufenican and metribuzin applied PRE provide comparable MHR waterhemp control; however, control was lower than flumioxazin/pyroxasulfone.","PeriodicalId":503786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":"30 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141646669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Ultraviolet-C Exposure and Mechanical Stress on Conidium Production in Corynespora cassiicola Isolates From Cotton and Soybean","authors":"J. D. Puia, Adriano T. Hoshino, L. C. Borsato, Ana Maria Da S. Moreira, E. D. D. Almeida, S. C. Vigo, M. G. Canteri","doi":"10.5539/jas.v16n8p50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v16n8p50","url":null,"abstract":"The procurement of inoculum for bioassays with target spot, a significant disease in cotton and soybeans, caused by Corynespora cassiicola can be hindered by the low production of conidia on artificial culture media. The study aimed to determine whether mechanical stress on the mycelium and exposure to ultraviolet-C (UV-C) radiation for varying durations could enhance conidial production in C. cassiicola isolates. Eight isolates from cotton and soy were used, grown in V8 juice medium. After five days of incubation in a climate-controlled chamber, each isolate either underwent mycelium scraping or remained unscraped and was subsequently exposed to UV-C radiation for either 1.0, 1.5 or 2.0 min, in comparison to a control group with zero UV exposure time. Following these procedures, conidial suspensions from each isolate were obtained and quantified (conidia per mL) using a Neubauer chamber The ISO 3S and ISO 4S isolates were found to produce more conidia than the other isolates, regardless of whether they were subjected to mycelium scraping or exposure to UV-C radiation. For most isolates, exposure to UV-C radiation for 1.0-1.5 min led to increased conidium production. Generally, it was not feasible to discern differences in conidial production with respect to the mycelium scraping process. Nevertheless, exposure to UV-C radiation for 1.0 min can be used to induce conidium production in C. cassiicola isolates.","PeriodicalId":503786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":"56 39","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141644311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two-Pass Weed Management Programs for White Bean","authors":"N. Soltani, C. Shropshire, P. Sikkema","doi":"10.5539/jas.v16n8p61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v16n8p61","url":null,"abstract":"It is essential to implement effective weed management programs to minimize white bean yield loss from weed interference. Four field experiments were conducted during 2022 and 2023 to determine the efficacy of one-pass compared to two-pass weed control programs. This study evaluated trifluralin + S-metolachlor + imazethapyr or trifluralin + S-metolachlor + halosulfuron applied preplant incorporated (PPI), bentazon + fomesafen + quizalofop-p-ethyl applied postemergence (POST), and trifluralin + S-metolachlor + imazethapyr or trifluralin + S-metolachlor + halosulfuron applied PPI followed by (fb) bentazon + fomesafen + quizalofop-p-ethyl applied POST in white bean. There was minimal white bean injury (≤ 5%) with the herbicide programs evaluated. Weed interference decreased white bean yield 44%. Weed interference with bentazon + fomesafen + quizalofop-p-ethyl applied POST resulted in a 24% decrease in white bean seed yield compared to the weed-free control; however, all other PPI and PPI fb POST herbicide programs resulted in white bean seed yield that was similar to the weed-free control. Weed interference with the one-pass herbicide programs (PPI or POST) resulted in 17% lower white bean seed yield compared to the two-pass herbicide programs (PPI fb POST). Trifluralin + S-metolachlor + imazethapyr, applied PPI, controlled velvetleaf 85%, common ragweed 35%, common lambsquarters 96%, and green foxtail 80% at 8 weeks after the POST application (WAT). Trifluralin + S-metolachlor + halosulfuron, applied PPI, controlled velvetleaf 68%, common ragweed 87%, common lambsquarters 94% and green foxtail 56% at 8 WAT. Bentazon + fomesafen + quizalofop-p-ethyl, applied POST, controlled velvetleaf 86%, common ragweed 97%, common lambsquarters 34%, and green foxtail 29% at 8 WAT. Trifluralin + S-metolachlor + imazethapyr, applied PPI, followed by bentazon + fomesafen + quizalofop-p-ethyl, applied POST, controlled velvetleaf, common ragweed, common lambsquarters, and green foxtail 98, 97, 96, and 94%, respectively at 8 WAT. Trifluralin + S-metolachlor + halosulfuron, applied PPI, followed by bentazon + fomesafen + quizalofop-p-ethyl, applied POST, controlled velvetleaf, common ragweed, common lambsquarters, and green foxtail 97, 99, 97 and 93%, respectively at 8 WAT. Based on orthogonal contrast, the two-pass herbicide programs provided 17, 21, 20, and 38% greater control of velvetleaf, common ragweed, common lambsquarters, and green foxtail in comparison to the one-pass herbicide programs, respectively at 8 WAT. This study concludes that the two-pass herbicide programs of trifluralin + S-metolachlor + imazethapyr or trifluralin + S-metolachlor + halosulfuron applied PPI followed by bentazon + fomesafen + quizalofop-p-ethyl applied POST provides the most consistent weed control in white bean in Ontario.","PeriodicalId":503786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":"33 41","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141645432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparisons of Appearance and Eating Quality Traits Between Early and Late Maturing Soft Rice","authors":"Lixia Zhang, Kai Wang, Yi Wang, Ying Yan, Zejun Hu, Junhua Ye, Hang Yang, Mingchang Lu, Yong Chen, Liming Cao, Shujun Wu","doi":"10.5539/jas.v16n8p31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v16n8p31","url":null,"abstract":"Soft Japonica rice is popular in Yangtze River Delta of China in recent years because of its high eating quality. In this study, high eating quality soft Japonica rice with early and late maturity was used to analyze their eating quality traits. The appearance, texture, and physicochemical characteristics, gelatinization and pasting properties, and fine structures between early and late maturing soft rice were compared. Early maturing soft rice had higher whiteness, chalkiness, gelatinization temperature, peak viscosity, breakdown viscosity, long branch-chain amylopectin, amylopectin chains (DP > 25), and molecular weight than late maturing soft rice. The higher gelatinization and pasting properties in early maturing soft rice probably be attributed to its higher amount of long branch-chain amylopectin, proportions of amylopectin chains (DP > 25) and molecular weight, compared with late maturing soft rice. Late maturing soft rice had higher amylose content, gel consistency, short branch-chain amylopectin, amylopectin short chains (DP 6–12), setback viscosity, and consistence viscosity than early maturing soft rice. The appearance and eating quality of late maturing soft rice were significantly higher than those of early maturing soft rice.","PeriodicalId":503786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":"111 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141647141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges in Chinese Path to Modernization of Agriculture and Rural Areas: A Comparison With the U.S.","authors":"Yuying Yang, Chuanbo Chen, Yiying Sun","doi":"10.5539/jas.v16n8p15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v16n8p15","url":null,"abstract":"This study establishes, for the first time, an index system for comparing agricultural and rural modernization in China and the United States, which aims to identify key challenges in China’s agricultural and rural development by contrasting indicators from both countries. Overall, China’s current level of agriculture and rural modernization is akin to that of the United States in the 1960s and 1970s, with an approximate time lag of 60 years. China exhibits the largest gap with the U.S. in agricultural modernization and the smallest gap in rural modernization. Three key indicators in China that require improvement compared to the United States are the disposable income of rural residents, the population size supported by each agricultural laborer, and the share of agricultural employment. This research lays down a theoretical foundation and practical strategies for advancing the Chinese path to agriculture and modernization in rural areas.","PeriodicalId":503786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":"34 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141648187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential of Tropically-Adapted Exotic Acid Tolerance White Maize Donor Lines in Sub-tropical Breeding Programmes for Low pH Adaptation","authors":"D. Nginamau, C. Kamutando, C. Magorokosho, João Constâncio Saraiva, A. Biljon, M. Labuschagne","doi":"10.5539/jas.v16n8p70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v16n8p70","url":null,"abstract":"Low pH in soils is attributed as the main contributor to the low yields characteristic in maize production regions of Angola. Here, eight white-kernel acid soil tolerant donor lines (ASTDLs) sourced from CIMMYT-Colombia (testers) were crossed with eight white elite lines adapted to the mid-altitude climatic conditions from CIMMYT-Zimbabwe, in order to identify donor lines, which can be potential sources of acid tolerance genes in breeding programmes in Angola. The two groups of parents were crossed using a line by tester (L×T) mating design, yielding 47 crosses with sufficient seed, which were evaluated alongside eight acid tolerant commercial hybrids, during the 2014-16 cropping seasons at nine sites, representing acid and non-acid soils in Angola and Zimbabwe. Effects of general combining ability (GCA) due to lines and testers, as well as specific combining ability (SCA) on grain yield were significant (P < 0.05) under acid soils. From the CIMMYT-Zimbabwe breeding programme, inbred lines identified as ZW1, ZW4 and ZW5 together with the CIMMYT-Colombia ASTDLs (i.e., CW4 and CW8) seemed to be ideal parents for crosses that can do well under both the acid and non-acid soils. The best specific cross for acid soils was identified as ZW1 × CW8 (CH142512), whereas for non-acid soils, ZW3 × CW4 (CH142500) was identified. Interestingly, the cross ZW1 × CW8 was also observed as stable under both acid and non-acid soil conditions. Overall, data showed potential of exotic acid tolerance donor lines for enhancing low-pH adaptation in sub-tropical maize populations.","PeriodicalId":503786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":"58 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141643979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Preliminary Evaluation of Faba Bean as a Green Shell Bean in Virginia, USA","authors":"Ramesh Dhakal, A. Hamama, Harbans Bhardwaj","doi":"10.5539/jas.v16n8p109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v16n8p109","url":null,"abstract":"Even though faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is an important food crop on worldwide basis, its use as a vegetable i.e. use of green seeds as food is limited. We were interested in characterizing production and food quality traits of faba bean grown in eastern USA. Our main objective is to develop faba bean as a winter alternative crop for this region to diversify cropping system that currently mainly depends upon cereal grain crops. This necessitates existence of winter-hardy faba bean varieties. We conducted a preliminary experiment with two winter-hardy faba bean breeding lines to record production and seed composition traits. Two faba bean lines (VSX-BL and VSX-BH) were planted in the field in November 2022 and green pods were harvested in June 2023 at physiological maturity. Values of most of the traits under study were statistically similar between the two lines except for concentration of phosphorus. Results demonstrated that faba bean green pod and green seeds yields could be approximately 5700 and 2100 kg ha-1. The shelling percent in green faba bean pods was approximately 37 whereas seed number per pod was approximately 2.6. Concentrations (g 100 g-1) of fructose, glucose, and sucrose were 0.245, 0.668, 2.9021, respectively whereas concentrations of Fe and Zn (mg kg-1) were 103.7 and 69.7, respectively. Green faba bean seeds contained small amounts of RFO carbohydrates. Seed composition traits of green faba bean seeds compare well with green seeds of pea, soybean, and white lupin. Our results provide a positive proof of concept that production of green faba bean as an alternate winter food legume crop in eastern USA is possible.","PeriodicalId":503786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":"31 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141649202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Recognition of Carbon Capture and Storage by Plants","authors":"Arnaud Muller-Feuga","doi":"10.5539/jas.v16n7p1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v16n7p1","url":null,"abstract":"The postulate that CO2 is responsible for global warming is accepted by most governments which put in place restrictions and compensation for emissions of this gas. This resulted in the development of a carbon market and of the practice of carbon capture and storage (CCS), mainly by geological burying. CCS by plants, which allows the return of CO2 to the atmosphere, should be preferred to CCS by burying which contributes to its lithification. Plant production captures this gas directly from the atmosphere using solar energy and stores it for a few months to a few centuries. Plant CCS figures are calculated for the world, the United States, Europe, France and Kenya, then compared to CCS ambitions. They show that agriculture and forestry absorb 21GtCO2/year, more than half of global emissions by combustion of fossil hydrocarbons. This CCS function devolved to the peasantry complements that of supplying humanity with essential foodstuffs and should constitute a new source of remuneration for professions which often struggle to transmit, invest and innovate to ensure their future.","PeriodicalId":503786,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":"9 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141336874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}