ABUAD Journal of Engineering Research and Development (AJERD)最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation and Multi-Objective Optimisation of Cutting Parameters in Turning of AISI 1020 Mild Steel using Formulated Cutting Fluid","authors":"Osayamen Gregory Ehibor, Mathew Sunday Abolarin, M. B. Ndaliman, Aliyu Alhaji Abdullahi","doi":"10.53982/ajerd.2024.0701.13-j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53982/ajerd.2024.0701.13-j","url":null,"abstract":"Input parameter like the cutting fluid is one of the requirements for minimal surface roughness, cutting temperature, tool wear and optimal material removal rate coupled with improved machinability and productivity. The evaluation of the optimal factors of surface roughness, material removal rate, cutting temperature and tool wear in the turning of AISI Mild Steel with the use of eco-friendly fluids. Concerns has been raise globally about the non - biodegradability and non-recyclability of the conventional fluids in the research space. This prompted the research interest in replacing the mineral oil based fluids with eco-friendly cutting fluid such as castor seed oil based cutting fluid (CBCF). The locally sourced castor seed oil was investigated for its physiochemical properties as well as its fatty acid composition (FAC). The cutting fluid was formulated using ratio 1:9 of oil with additives to distilled water and then characterized. In turning of AISI 1020 Mild Steel, the evaluation of surface roughness, material removal rate, cutting temperature and tool wear under the CBCF compared to the mineral oil based cutting fluid (MBCF) were carried out using Taguchi experimental design and Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) for multi-response optimization. The formulated cutting fluid showed pH value of 8.47, viscosity of 0.830 mm2/s, good resistance to corrosion, good stability and milkfish in colour. From the GRA, the multi-response optimal factor combination under the CBCF is (1250 rev/min) spindle speed, (0.6 mm/rev) feed rate and (1.0 mm) depth of cut, all at level 3 while under the MBCF, it also shows (1250 rev/min) spindle speed, (0.6 mm/rev) feed rate and (1.0 mm) depth of cut all at level 3. The parameters from Taguchi and GRA results are in agreement with results from other vegetable oil based fluids and this study also contributes and improves the science of machining.","PeriodicalId":503569,"journal":{"name":"ABUAD Journal of Engineering Research and Development (AJERD)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140710612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and Construction of Voice Controlled Home Automation using Arduino","authors":"Usman Isah Ibrahim, Henry Ohize, Usman Aaze Umar, Yusuf Aliyu","doi":"10.53982/ajerd.2024.0701.14-j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53982/ajerd.2024.0701.14-j","url":null,"abstract":"System automation has been widely researched in the twenty-first century due to its essential role in daily life. The fundamental advantage of an automated system is its ability to reduce human stress and minimize errors. Over the past few years, there has been a swift shift from traditional switches to switches equipped with remote controls. Currently, the presence of conventional wall switches distributed around the house poses challenges in terms of use, especially for individuals who are elderly or have physical disabilities. Due to technological advancements, mobile smartphones are now affordable for all individuals. Android devices are becoming equipped with applications that aid in multiple ways. Another new technology is the Google speech recognition APIs, which enable voice-based system command and control. This study demonstrates the implementation of voice-controlled home automation using the Arduino Uno microcontroller. Users of this system will be able to exercise full authority over every domestic device through spoken commands. The control circuit consists of an Arduino Uno microcontroller that receives and interprets voice commands from an Android smartphone equipped with the corresponding application. While the Bluetooth module shares signal data after establishing a wireless link between the microcontroller and the smartphone, the relay regulates device switching.","PeriodicalId":503569,"journal":{"name":"ABUAD Journal of Engineering Research and Development (AJERD)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140710243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive Modeling for Cardiovascular Disease in Patients Based on Demographic and Biometric Data","authors":"Abayomi Danlami Babalola, K. Akingbade, Daniel Olakunle","doi":"10.53982/ajerd.2024.0701.15-j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53982/ajerd.2024.0701.15-j","url":null,"abstract":"Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading global cause of death, highlighting the urgent need for accurate risk assessment and prediction tools. Machine learning (ML) has emerged as a promising approach for CVD risk prediction, offering the potential to capture complex relationships between clinical and biometric data and patient outcomes. This study explores the application of support vector machines (SVMs), ensemble learning, and artificial neural networks (NNs) for predictive modeling of CVD in patients. The study utilizes a comprehensive dataset comprising demographic and biometric data of patients, including age, gender, blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and body mass index, features. SVMs, ensemble learning, and NNs are employed to construct predictive models based on these data. The performance of each model is evaluated using metrics such as accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC). The results demonstrate that all three models achieve accuracy performance in predicting CVD events, with AUC values ranging from 0.85 to 0.92. Ensemble learning exhibits the highest overall accuracy, while SVM and ANN demonstrate strengths in specific aspects of prediction. The study concludes that Machine learning algorithms, particularly ensemble learning, hold significant promise for improving CVD risk assessment. The integration of ML-based predictive models into demographic practice can facilitate early intervention, personalized treatment strategies, and improved patient outcomes.","PeriodicalId":503569,"journal":{"name":"ABUAD Journal of Engineering Research and Development (AJERD)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140712116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance Evaluation of Vapour Compression Cascade Refrigeration System for Storing Blood Plasma","authors":"O. Oginni","doi":"10.53982/ajerd.2023.0602.21-j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53982/ajerd.2023.0602.21-j","url":null,"abstract":"A cascade refrigeration system consists of two cycles to get the greatest possible refrigeration effect for applications requiring extremely low temperatures. The experimental examination of the cascade refrigeration system utilized for quickly freezing and storing blood products, notably plasma, was the main emphasis of this paper. This system is able to manage and apply cold storage for plasma at temperatures as low as -35oC. R410A (low temperature cycle) and R404A (high temperature cycle) are the working fluids in this system respectively, and their selection was based on their reasonable boiling point differences and rapid freezing times. These working fluids have very little ozone depletion and global warming potential, and they are non-toxic to the environment. This system performance evaluation determines the cascade refrigeration system's parameters ranging effects of variation in evaporator temperature, condenser temperature and temperature difference in cascade condenser. As the evaporator temperature increases from – 35oC to -70C at interval of 7oC, the suction pressure increased from 0.22 MPa to 0.64 MPa. The decrease in compressor discharge temperature of 30oC to 26oC resulted to decrease in discharge pressure ranging 1.62 to 1.49MPa in the high temperature cycle at constant condenser temperature of 40 0C. At varying heat exchanger temperature, all parameters reduced with exception of discharge temperature in both cycles and evaporator heat. A substantial increase in the coefficient of performance of comparable systems was found to be 3.04 (LTC) and 7.7 (HTC). At the high temperature cycle condenser, there was a total heat rejection of 6228 kJ, which could then be recycled for heating.","PeriodicalId":503569,"journal":{"name":"ABUAD Journal of Engineering Research and Development (AJERD)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139138016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance Evaluation of Hybrid MQL-Brass Nano-Fluid Coolant on Aisi 304 SS for Efficient Machining Operation","authors":"F. O. Borokinni, B. Bolaji, B. Olorunfemi, K. Bello, O. Oginni","doi":"10.53982/ajerd.2023.0602.20-j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53982/ajerd.2023.0602.20-j","url":null,"abstract":"Brass Nanofluid is a substance made from synthetic copper and zinc powder. It has outstanding mechanical, electrical, thermal and optical qualities employed in a variety of applications including, solar, touch screen, bison. The nanoparticles used in this study were developed from brass alloy which was locally sourced and machined to the required nano-size of 40 µm. A top-down strategy was used for the preparation of nanofluid and ball milling utilized to ground the brass alloy and sieved after grinding using a 40 µm sleeve. A double approach strategy was applied to prepare the nanofluid and the sonification process of brass nanofluid was conducted using ultra sonic equipment. The result shows that the light paraffin oil with varying concentration percentage of brass alloy and conventional cutting fluid (castrole oil) with varying concentration percentage of brass alloy display similar performance. Optimizing the additive ratio of nano particle provided better outcomes identified in the range of 2-10g with 200 ml of cutting fluid. This improves the surface roughness finish of machined part while inclusion of brass nano particle with cutting fluid improves the material removal rate, reduce the temperature and the cutting zone providing a guaranteed finish product compared to other base fluid.","PeriodicalId":503569,"journal":{"name":"ABUAD Journal of Engineering Research and Development (AJERD)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139140387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Annealing Soaking Time on Carbide Precipitates and Mechanical Properties of As-Cast Thin Wall Ductile Iron","authors":"E. F. Ochulor, S. Adeosun, Ademola Joseph Kareem, Ajibola Ikeoluwa Ashade","doi":"10.53982/ajerd.2023.0602.22-j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53982/ajerd.2023.0602.22-j","url":null,"abstract":"Thin Wall Ductile Irons (TWDI) are viable material option in the automotive industry due of their good castability, adequate mechanical properties, wear resistance, good machinability and fatigue properties. However due to size reduction and increased cooling rate, carbide precipitates occur in the as-cast microstructure of TWDIs, impacting negatively on mechanical properties, nodularity and nodule count. Heat treatment processes that reduce or eliminate these carbide phases can be adopted to remedy such defects. In this study, 4 mm TWDI samples cast in green sand moulds, showing carbide precipitation in microstructure were subjected to an Annealing heat treatment by austenizing to 920oC and varying soaking times of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 minutes, afterwards they were cooled in the furnace to room temperature. Microstructural analysis and mechanical property tests were carried out in all the samples via Optical microscopy (OM) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), hardness and tensile tests. Microstructure of heat-treated samples showed significant reduction of carbide precipitates in comparison with their as cast counterpart. It was observed that the soaking time impacted on carbide precipitation reduction. Hardness values reduced from 291.6 Hv in the as cast sample to 247.8 Hv and 243.5 Hv for samples soaked for 25 and 30 minutes respectively, whereas tensile strength reduced progressively from 596 MPa to 544 MPa for as cast to 30 minutes soaking time respectively. Percent elongation increased from 4.3 % elongation for the as cast sample to 8.7 % elongation in the sample with soaking time of 30 minutes at 920 oC. This study has shown that carbide precipitation can be significantly reduced by adopting the annealing treatment parameters outlined above.","PeriodicalId":503569,"journal":{"name":"ABUAD Journal of Engineering Research and Development (AJERD)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139141927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact Assessment of Elevation Angles on Signal Propagation at VHF and UHF Frequencies for Improved Rural Telephony","authors":"Ubong Ukommi, E. Ubom","doi":"10.53982/ajerd.2023.0602.13-j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53982/ajerd.2023.0602.13-j","url":null,"abstract":"Rural telephony is challenging in the remote part of Nigeria due to inadequate telecommunication infrastructure, exorbitant cost of communication systems and poor road network for extension of fiber network. These factors constitute poor or no cellular network services in many villages. Alternatively, using Television White Space (TVWS) technology to facilitate telephony services in the rural areas through Ultra High Frequency (UHF) and Very High Frequency (VHF) spectrum is cost effective. Thus, this research investigates impact of elevation angle on signal propagation at UHF/VHF frequencies. The experimental test scenarios took measurements of received signal quality performance at different elevation angles and transmit power levels to obtain more stable results for substantive inference. The experimental test scenario considered a communication link, operating at UHF frequency of 436 MHz. During the experiment, azimuth and propagation loss for the communication link were kept constant while the receiving antenna elevation angles were varied to assess the impact of elevation angles. The assessment examined results obtained during the experiment. Comparing the received signal quality performance at zero (00) elevation angle, it has been observed that the received signal quality improves when the transmit power allocation increases. Results further show that for a given transmit power level of 34dBm, at zero (00) elevation angle test configuration, received signal quality performance of 1.80 dB, 6.90 dB at 300 elevation angle and 10.9 dB at 600 elevation angle were obtained, compared to improved quality performance of 11.8 dB at 00 elevation angle, 19.90 dB at 300 elevation angle and 24.92 dB at 600 elevation angle when the transmit power level was increased to 46.98 dBm. It is deduced from the experimental results that elevation angle of receiving antenna has significant influence on the received signal quality performance. This insight is very useful in the design and network planning of rural telecommunication services using TVWS frequencies for improved rural broadband penetration.","PeriodicalId":503569,"journal":{"name":"ABUAD Journal of Engineering Research and Development (AJERD)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139254914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}