Journal of Hydrometeorology最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of Multi-Source Datasets in Characterizing Spatio-Temporal Characteristics of Extreme Precipitation from 2001 to 2019 in China","authors":"Jiayi Lu, Kaicun Wang, Guocan Wu, Yuna Mao","doi":"10.1175/jhm-d-23-0162.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-23-0162.1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The spatio-temporal characteristics of extreme precipitation intensity is crucial for hydroclimatic studies. This study delineates the spatio-temporal distribution features of extreme precipitation intensity across China from 2001 to 2019 using the gridded daily precipitation dataset CN05.1, constructed from an observation network of over 2400 stations. Furthermore, we evaluate the reliability of 12 widely used precipitation datasets (including gauge-based, satellite retrieval, reanalysis, and fusion products) in monitoring extreme precipitation events. Our findings indicate the following: 1) CN05.1 reveals a consistent spatial distribution characterized by a decline in extreme precipitation intensity from the southeastern coastal regions towards the northwestern inland areas of China. From 2001 to 2019, more pronounced declining intensity trends are discernible in the northern and southwestern regions of China, whereas marked increasing trends manifest in the northeastern and the Yangtze River plain regions. National mean extreme precipitation indices consistently exhibit significant increasing trends throughout China. 2) Datasets based on station observations generally exhibit superior applicability concerning spatiotemporal distribution. 3) Multi-source weighted precipitation fusion products effectively capture the temporal variability of extreme precipitation indices.4) Satellite retrieval datasets exhibit notable performance disparities in representing various intensity indices. Most products tend to overestimate the increasing trends of national mean intensity indices.5) Reanalysis datasets tend to overestimate extreme precipitation indices, and inadequately capture the trends. ERA5 and JRA55 underestimate trends, while CFSR and MERRA2 significantly overestimate the trends. These findings serve as a basis for selecting reliable precipitation datasets for extreme precipitation and hydrological simulation research in China.","PeriodicalId":503314,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrometeorology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139798891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Wind on Precipitation Measurements from a Compact Piezoelectric Sensor","authors":"E. Chinchella, A. Cauteruccio, L. G. Lanza","doi":"10.1175/jhm-d-23-0180.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-23-0180.1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The measurement accuracy of an electroacoustic precipitation sensor, the Vaisala WXT520, is investigated to quantify the associated wind-induced bias. The device is widely used as a noncatching tool for measuring the integral features of liquid precipitation, specifically rainfall amount and intensity. A numerical simulation using computational fluid dynamics is used to determine the bluff-body behavior of the instrument when exposed to wind. The obtained airflow velocity patterns near the sensor are initially validated in a wind tunnel. Then, the wind-induced deviation and acceleration/deceleration of individual raindrop trajectories and the resulting impact on the measured precipitation are replicated using a Lagrangian particle tracking model. The sensor’s specific measurement principle necessitates redefining catch ratios and the collection efficiency in terms of the resulting kinetic energy and quantifying them as a function of particle Reynolds number and precipitation intensity, respectively. Wind speed and direction and drop size distribution have been simulated across various combinations. The results show that the measured precipitation is overestimated by up to 400% under the influence of wind. The presented adjustment curves can be used to correct raw rainfall measurements taken by the Vaisala WXT520 in windy conditions, either in real time or as a postprocessing function. The magnitude of the adjustment at any operational aggregation level largely depends on the local rainfall and wind regimes at the site of measurement and may have a strong impact on applications in regions where wind is frequent during low- to medium-intensity precipitation.","PeriodicalId":503314,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrometeorology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140469527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attribution of Moisture Sources for Summer Precipitation in the Upstream Catchment of the Three Gorges Dam","authors":"Shuaibing Shao, Xin‐Min Zeng, Ning Wang, Irfan Ullah, Haishen Lv","doi":"10.1175/jhm-d-23-0093.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-23-0093.1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Currently, there is a lack of investigating moisture sources for precipitation over the upstream catchment of the Three Gorges Dam (UCTGD), the world’s largest dam. Using the dynamical recycling model (DRM), trajectory frequency method (TFM), and the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR), this study quantifies moisture sources and transport paths for UCTGD summer precipitation from 1980 to 2009 based on two categories of sources: region-specific and source-direction. Overall, the land and oceanic sources contribute roughly 63% and 37%, respectively, of the moisture to UCTGD summer precipitation. UCTGD and the Indian Ocean are the most important land and oceanic sources, respectively, in which the southern Indian Ocean with over 10% of moisture contribution was overlooked previously. Under the influence of the Asian monsoon and prevailing westerlies, the land contribution decreases to 57.3% in June, then gradually increases to 68.8%. It is found that for drought years with enhanced southwest monsoon, there is a weakening of the moisture contribution from the C-shaped belt along the Arabian Sea, South Asia, and UCTGD, and vice versa. TFM results show three main moisture transport paths and highlight the importance of moisture from the southwest. Comparison analysis indicates that, generally, sink regions are more affected by land evaporation with their locations more interior to the center of the mainland. Furthermore, correlations between moisture contributions and indices of general circulation and sea surface temperature are investigated, suggesting that these indices affect precipitation by influencing moisture contributions of the subregions. All of these are useful for comprehending the causes of summer UCTGD precipitation.\u0000\u0000\u0000Quantitative research on the moisture sources of summer precipitation has been implemented for the upstream catchment of the Three Gorges Dam (UCTGD), which is of particular hydrological significance but has not been investigated previously. The dynamical recycling model (DRM)–trajectory frequency method (TFM) approach is used to quantify and interpret the results of the moisture sources both in different specific subregions and directions, which produce more meaningful results than a single method for the areal division of moisture sources. Furthermore, antecedent indices that significantly influence the following moisture contributions of the subregions and then summer UCTGD precipitation are studied in terms of large-scale general circulation indices, which would help our understanding of precipitation forecast for UCTGD.","PeriodicalId":503314,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrometeorology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140462834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}